Selection of Alternatives and Investment Programme Planning

Author(s):  
Kay Poggensee ◽  
Jannis Poggensee
Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Andrés Vargas Fuentes ◽  
Iban Urkiza Ibaibarriaga ◽  
Susana María Gil Orozko

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer en qué medida influyen los partidos de fútbol y su distribución durante una pretemporada en la planificación del entrenamiento. Para ello, 21 jugadores semi-profesionales masculinos (20.9 ± 1.7 años; 1.8 ± 0.05 m.; 73.1 ± 5.3 kg.; 8 ± 0.9 % graso; VO2máx. 56.06 ± 2.68 ml./kg./min.) participaron en este estudio. Las variables analizadas durante los partidos fueron: la distancia total recorrida; la velocidad media y máxima; la intensidad de juego clasificada según su velocidad en varias zonas: carrera (14-19 km./h.), carrera intensa (19-24 km./h.) y sprint (>24 km./h.); así como la carrera a alta intensidad (sumatorio de la carrera, carrera intensa y sprint). Tras analizar la carga externa de los 6 microciclos que componían la pretemporada se ha podido observar que la distribución y el número de partidos de fútbol durante una pretemporada han podido influir en la planificación de las sesiones de entrenamiento. Por tanto, se debería prestar especial atención al diseño del volumen e intensidad de la primera y última semana de entrenamiento, evitando, por un lado, cualquier situación lesiva que pudiera apartar al jugador de las sesiones de entrenamiento y, por otro lado, evitar la fatiga acumulada durante el periodo preparatorio ya que podría provocar un descenso del rendimiento al comienzo de la temporada debido a la selección de tareas, al número de partidos disputados y al escaso tiempo de recuperación durante el periodo preparatorio.Palabras clave. Pretemporada; fútbol; planificación; fatiga; G.P.S.Abstract. The aim this study was to determine the extent of the influence of football matches and their distribution during a pre-season training programme planning. For this purpose, 21 male semi-professional players (20.9 ± 1.7 years; 1.8 ± 0.05 m.; 73.1 ± 5.3 kg.; 8 ± 0.9% fat; VO2max. 56.06 ± 2.68 ml./kg./min.) participated in this study. The variables analysed during the matches were: total distance covered; average and maximum speed; game intensity classified in several speeds: running (14-19 km./h.), high intensity running (19-24 km./h.) and sprinting (> 24 km./h.); and distance at high intensity (sum of running, high intensity running and sprinting). After analysing the external load of the 6 microcycles and 9 matches composing the pre-season, we have observed that the distribution and the number of football matches during a pre-season have influenced the training sessions planning. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the design of the volume and intensity of the first and last week of training, avoiding on the one hand, any harmful situation that could take the player apart from the training sessions and on the other hand, avoid the accumulated fatigue during the preparatory period, as it may cause a drop in performance at the beginning of the season due to the selection of tasks, the number of matches and the limited recovery time during the preparatory period.Keywords. Pre-season; football; planning; fatigue; G.P.S.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Domenico Iannetti ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara

Abstract Some of the foundations of Heyes’ radical reasoning seem to be based on a fractional selection of available evidence. Using an ethological perspective, we argue against Heyes’ rapid dismissal of innate cognitive instincts. Heyes’ use of fMRI studies of literacy to claim that culture assembles pieces of mental technology seems an example of incorrect reverse inferences and overlap theories pervasive in cognitive neuroscience.


1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.


1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 515-521
Author(s):  
W. Nicholson

SummaryA routine has been developed for the processing of the 5820 plates of the survey. The plates are measured on the automatic measuring machine, GALAXY, and the measures are subsequently processed by computer, to edit and then refer them to the SAO catalogue. A start has been made on measuring the plates, but the final selection of stars to be made is still a matter for discussion.


Author(s):  
P.J. Killingworth ◽  
M. Warren

Ultimate resolution in the scanning electron microscope is determined not only by the diameter of the incident electron beam, but by interaction of that beam with the specimen material. Generally, while minimum beam diameter diminishes with increasing voltage, due to the reduced effect of aberration component and magnetic interference, the excited volume within the sample increases with electron energy. Thus, for any given material and imaging signal, there is an optimum volt age to achieve best resolution.In the case of organic materials, which are in general of low density and electric ally non-conducting; and may in addition be susceptible to radiation and heat damage, the selection of correct operating parameters is extremely critical and is achiev ed by interative adjustment.


Author(s):  
P. M. Lowrie ◽  
W. S. Tyler

The importance of examining stained 1 to 2μ plastic sections by light microscopy has long been recognized, both for increased definition of many histologic features and for selection of specimen samples to be used in ultrastructural studies. Selection of specimens with specific orien ation relative to anatomical structures becomes of critical importance in ultrastructural investigations of organs such as the lung. The uantity of blocks necessary to locate special areas of interest by random sampling is large, however, and the method is lacking in precision. Several methods have been described for selection of specific areas for electron microscopy using light microscopic evaluation of paraffin, epoxy-infiltrated, or epoxy-embedded large blocks from which thick sections were cut. Selected areas from these thick sections were subsequently removed and re-embedded or attached to blank precasted blocks and resectioned for transmission electron microscopy (TEM).


Author(s):  
K.-H. Herrmann ◽  
D. Krahl ◽  
H.-P Rust

The high detection quantum efficiency (DQE) is the main requirement for an imagerecording system used in electron microscopy of radiation-sensitive specimens. An electronic TV system of the type shown in Fig. 1 fulfills these conditions and can be used for either analog or digital image storage and processing [1], Several sources of noise may reduce the DQE, and therefore a careful selection of various elements is imperative.The noise of target and of video amplifier can be neglected when the converter stages produce sufficient target electrons per incident primary electron. The required gain depends on the type of the tube and also on the type of the signal processing chosen. For EBS tubes, for example, it exceeds 10. The ideal case, in which all impinging electrons create uniform charge peaks at the target, is not obtainable for several reasons, and these will be discussed as they relate to a system with a scintillator, fiber-optic and photo-cathode combination as the first stage.


Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
A.B. Draper

The industrial characterization of the machinability of metals and alloys has always been a very arbitrarily defined property, subject to the selection of various reference or test materials; and the adoption of rather naive and misleading interpretations and standards. However, it seems reasonable to assume that with the present state of knowledge of materials properties, and the current theories of solid state physics, more basic guidelines for machinability characterization might be established on the basis of the residual machined microstructures. This approach was originally pursued by Draper; and our presentation here will simply reflect an exposition and extension of this research.The technique consists initially in the production of machined chips of a desired test material on a horizontal milling machine with the workpiece (specimen) mounted on a rotary table vice. A single cut of a specified depth is taken from the workpiece (0.25 in. wide) each at a new tool location.


Author(s):  
J. F. Hainfeld ◽  
J. S. Wall

Cost reduction and availability of specialized hardware for image processing have made it reasonable to purchase a stand-alone interactive work station for computer aided analysis of micrographs. Some features of such a system are: 1) Ease of selection of points of interest on the micrograph. A cursor can be quickly positioned and coordinates entered with a switch. 2) The image can be nondestructively zoomed to a higher magnification for closer examination and roaming (panning) can be done around the picture. 3) Contrast and brightness of the picture can be varied over a very large range by changing the display look-up tables. 4) Marking items of interest can be done by drawing circles, vectors or alphanumerics on an additional memory plane so that the picture data remains intact. 5) Color pictures can easily be produced. Since the human eye can detect many more colors than gray levels, often a color encoded micrograph reveals many features not readily apparent with a black and white display. Colors can be used to construct contour maps of objects of interest. 6) Publication quality prints can easily be produced by taking pictures with a standard camera of the T.V. monitor screen.


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