Containerless Materials Processing for Materials Science on Earth and in Space

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
Jonghyun Lee ◽  
Sai Katamreddy ◽  
Yong Chan Cho ◽  
Sooheyong Lee ◽  
Geun Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Materials Processing

Materials Science in Space

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Carruthers
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Property Measurement

ABSTRACTThe preparation of solid materials involves the control and manipulation of fluids in ways that are sensitive to gravitational influences. Although these effects are pervasive, surprisingly little is understood about phenomena such as natural convection and containerless processes under boundary conditions of interest to materials processing. Recent emphasis has focused on process fundamentals involving areas such as fluid dynamics, heat flow, and thermophysical property measurement as can be seen in this Symposium. Such a knowledge base is essential to any sensible evolution of the space environment as a capability for studying materials processing and preparing limited quantities of materials under quiescent or containerless conditions for subsequent assessment on earth. A brief overview of current work will be presented, together with possible future directions.

Up Close: Materials Science in Spain—Its Dynamic Growth

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
C. Ortiz ◽  
D. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
American Continent ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Material Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Dynamic Growth ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

The year 1992 is very special for Spain: 500 years have passed since the discovery of the American continent. That discovery helped make Spain the most powerful country in the world in the 16th century. In time, though, Spain lost its influence to England, and materials processing played a surprising role in this transfer. It has been shown that one of the main reasons Spain's “Invincible Armada” was defeated by the English Navy was that the Spanish ships used faulty cannon balls. The balls were of such poor quality that, once fired, they disintegrated before they could damage enemy warships. Faulty material technology—low compactness or degree of sintering—caused the disintegration.As we approach the 21st century, the Spanish scientific community has reached a high level of expertise in materials science. A decade ago, Spain's R&D activities were poorly funded and research was carried out without the necessary infrastructure. In 1986, the government established a national R&D strategy which included a dedicated Program for New Materials. In addition, the Regional Communities (Autonomias) have reinforced these nationally planned and funded R&D activities. And as a member of the European Community (EC), Spain has also begun integration into European R&D. After three years, Spanish scientists are already achieving success in the Brite/Euram Program at a level comparable to more scientifically and technologically advanced countries. Figure 1 shows the Spanish government's total R&D budget in materials science from 1985 to 1991, and additions from the EC since 1989. Clearly, financial support for materials science has increased dramatically in the last few years.

Proposal for a Generic Materials Processing Course

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 35-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merton C. Flemings ◽  
Klavs F. Jensen ◽  
Andreas Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Specific Subject ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
The Subject

In the early 1950s when “materials science” was beginning to take shape in the minds of educators in materials departments, discussions were heated on the subject of how (and whether) intellectually rich courses could be developed with such broad coverage. It was argued by many that materials are too complex and vary too greatly from one another in their properties and in their applications to be treated in a single course. These individuals argued that if “materials” was to be taught, then it would have to be in courses or segments of courses broken down by materials classes-metals, ceramic, polymers, semiconductors.A full generation of faculty has passed through our ranks since those days, and the arguments regarding teaching of at least the beginning materials science subjects are now muted and perhaps moot. Few materials departments begin today with a materials-specific subject (e.g., metallurgy, ceramics) for either their own students or as a service subject for other engineering departments. Most begin with a subject in materials science or materials science and engineering that deals generically with all materials for at least a major portion of the subject. Examples are drawn from individual materials classes, and emphasis may shift to individual materials classes as the subject progresses.The key to development of these subjects, and the intellectual foundation on which they rest, is structure and structure-property relations. We can understand, and teach, how the building blocks of materials (atoms, molecules, grains, amorphous phases, etc.) fit together to build macroscopic structures.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Materials Science: An Intersection of Three-Dimensional Reconstructions and Simulations

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyo Thornton ◽  
Henning Friis Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
3D Simulations ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Introductory Article

AbstractThe recent development of experimental techniques that rapidly reconstruct the three-dimensional microstructures of solids has given rise to new possibilities for developing a deeper understanding of the evolution of microstructures and the effects of microstructures on materials properties. Combined with three-dimensional (3D) simulations and analyses that are capable of handling the complexity of these microstructures, 3D reconstruction, or tomography, has become a powerful tool that provides clear insights into materials processing and properties. This introductory article provides an overview of this emerging field of materials science, as well as brief descriptions of selected methods and their applicability.

The Applications of the Electron Beam Machining Technology in Research of Materials Science

2014 ◽  
Vol 666 ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Li ◽  
Hai Lang Liu ◽  
Hai Hua Yu ◽  
Yi Ping Huang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Research Situation

Through introduction of the principle and characteristics of electron beam machining technology, the application status and application instance of electron beam in research of materials science and materials processing in recent years were introduced in detail. The research situation of the previous various electron beam machining methods and applications was discussed, and the various research results were analyzed, thus concluded that the emphasis and advantages of the electron beam machining technology in the application of various materials.

Report on the 11th Asia-Pacific Conference on Materials Processing (APCMP)

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Wei Gao
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The World ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
The University

The 11th Asia-Pacific Conference on Materials Processing (APCMP) was successfully held from the 6th to 9th July 2014, at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The aim of this conference was to provide an opportunity for researchers and industrial practitioners from around the world to interchange information on the latest development and applications in materials science and technologies. This is an important international conference hosted by the University of Auckland, which also recognised the contributions of materials research by the University of Auckland.

Trends in Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 228-229
Author(s):  
C. Colliex ◽  
P. Trebbia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Primary Electrons

The physical foundations for the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy towards analytical purposes, seem now rather well established and have been extensively discussed through recent publications. In this brief review we intend only to mention most recent developments in this field, which became available to our knowledge. We derive also some lines of discussion to define more clearly the limits of this analytical technique in materials science problems.The spectral information carried in both low ( 0<ΔE<100eV ) and high ( >100eV ) energy regions of the loss spectrum, is capable to provide quantitative results. Spectrometers have therefore been designed to work with all kinds of electron microscopes and to cover large energy ranges for the detection of inelastically scattered electrons (for instance the L-edge of molybdenum at 2500eV has been measured by van Zuylen with primary electrons of 80 kV). It is rather easy to fix a post-specimen magnetic optics on a STEM, but Crewe has recently underlined that great care should be devoted to optimize the collecting power and the energy resolution of the whole system.

Electron holography in materials science

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 670-671
Author(s):  
Hannes Lichte ◽  
Edgar Voelkl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Fourier Spectrum ◽  
Object Wave ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Reconstruction Procedure ◽  
Numerical Reconstruction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Unique Interpretation

The object wave o(x,y) = a(x,y)exp(iφ(x,y)) at the exit face of the specimen is described by two real functions, i.e. amplitude a(x,y) and phase φ(x,y). In stead of o(x,y), however, in conventional transmission electron microscopy one records only the real intensity I(x,y) of the image wave b(x,y) loosing the image phase. In addition, referred to the object wave, b(x,y) is heavily distorted by the aberrations of the microscope giving rise to loss of resolution. Dealing with strong objects, a unique interpretation of the micrograph in terms of amplitude and phase of the object is not possible. According to Gabor, holography helps in that it records the image wave completely by both amplitude and phase. Subsequently, by means of a numerical reconstruction procedure, b(x,y) is deconvoluted from aberrations to retrieve o(x,y). Likewise, the Fourier spectrum of the object wave is at hand. Without the restrictions sketched above, the investigation of the object can be performed by different reconstruction procedures on one hologram. The holograms were taken by means of a Philips EM420-FEG with an electron biprism at 100 kV.

Zero-loss omega-filtered REM and RHEED on the new Zeiss 912

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 616-617
Author(s):  
J.C.H. Spence ◽  
J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Surface States ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Ion Pump ◽  
Magnetic Imaging ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Large Background

The Zeiss 912 is a new fully digital, side-entry, 120 Kv TEM/STEM instrument for materials science, fitted with an omega magnetic imaging energy filter. Pumping is by turbopump and ion pump. The magnetic imaging filter allows energy-filtered images or diffraction patterns to be recorded without scanning using efficient parallel (area) detection. The energy loss intensity distribution may also be displayed on the screen, and recorded by scanning it over the PMT supplied. If a CCD camera is fitted and suitable new software developed, “parallel ELS” recording results. For large fields of view, filtered images can be recorded much more efficiently than by Scanning Reflection Electron Microscopy, and the large background of inelastic scattering removed. We have therefore evaluated the 912 for REM and RHEED applications. Causes of streaking and resonance in RHEED patterns are being studied, and a more quantitative analysis of CBRED patterns may be possible. Dark field band-gap REM imaging of surface states may also be possible.

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