Kaahailua idyllissä

Tutkin artikkelissani lähipeluun menetelmin, miten kotimainen digitaalinen peli My Summer Car (Suomi 2016) esittää 1990-luvun lama-ajan Suomen maaseutua ja miesten joutilaisuutta. My Summer Car on yhden ihmisen, Johannes Rojolan, projekti, ja siten se kuvaa tekijänsä näkemyksiä esittämästään aikakaudesta. Pelin vertailukohtana käytetään maaseutua ja joutilaisuutta käsitteleviä humoristisia elokuvia sekä televisiosarjoja. Kysyn, miten peli eroaa niistä.Esitän, että My Summer Car luo lama-ajan Suomesta omannäköisensä tulkinnan, jossa pelien omaleimaisuus vaikuttaa joutilaisuuden kokemiseen. Selviytymispeligenre pakottaa pelaajan aktiiviseksi toimijaksi, jolloin pelaajan positio suhteessa muihin pelin joutilaisiin hahmoihin muuttuu. Tällöin joutilaisuuden ja aktiivisen toimijuuden raja hämärtyy, ja peli pakottaa pelaajan näkemään joutilaisuuden monipuolisemmin. Joutilaisuus–aktiivisuus-asetelma on My Summer Carissa erilainen verrattuna kotimaisiin elokuviin ja televisiosarjoihin. My Summer Carissa maaseudun pelillistäminen on tarkoittanut sitä, että poikakulttuuriin olennaisesti kuuluva homososiaalisuus on poissa, sillä pelistä puuttuu käytännössä nuorten miesten yhteisöllisyys. Jäljelle jää vain rappioromantiikan ideaali, jota toistetaan.Avainsanat: joutilaisuus, rappioromantiikka, maaseutu, nostalgisointi, digitaaliset pelitSpeeding in the Idyll. The Representation of 90s Recession Era Finnish Countryside and Idleness in My Summer CarIn this article I explore through close playing method how the Finnish digital game My Summer Car (2016) depicts the fictional Finnish countryside during the 90s recession and the idleness of men. My Summer Car is a project of one person, Johannes Rojola, and thus describes the author’s views on the era he presents. The game’s representation is compared with other humorous films and television series situated in the countryside. The research focuses on the idleness represented in My Summer Car and asks how the game differs from these other Finnish audiovisual products.I claim that My Summer Car creates a unique interpretation of the recession in Finland, in which the uniqueness of digital games affects the experience of idleness. The survival game genre forces the player to become an active player, changing the player’s position in relation to other idle characters in the game. In this case, the line between idleness and active action is blurred and the game forces the player to see idleness in a more versatile way. The idleness–activity setting in My Summer Car is different from other Finnish movies and TV series. Gamification of My Summer Car’s countryside causes homosociality, an integral part of boy culture, to vanish, as there is no sense of community among young men in the game. All that remains is the repeated ideal of romanticized decadence.Keywords: idleness, romanticized decadence, countryside, nostalgization, digital games

Separable pupillary signatures of perception and action during perceptual multistability

The pupil provides a rich, non-invasive measure of the neural bases of perception and cognition, and has been of particular value in uncovering the role of arousal-linked neuromodulation, which alters both cortical processing and pupil size. But pupil size is subject to a multitude of influences, which complicates unique interpretation. We measured pupils of observers experiencing perceptual multistability -- an ever-changing subjective percept in the face of unchanging but inconclusive sensory input. In separate conditions the endogenously generated perceptual changes were either task-relevant or not, allowing a separation between perception-related and task-related pupil signals. Perceptual changes were marked by a complex pupil response that could be decomposed into two components: a dilation tied to task execution and plausibly indicative of an arousal-linked noradrenaline surge, and an overlapping constriction tied to the perceptual transient and plausibly a marker of altered visual cortical representation. Constriction, but not dilation, amplitude systematically depended on the time interval between perceptual changes, possibly providing an overt index of neural adaptation. These results show that the pupil provides a simultaneous reading on interacting but dissociable neural processes during perceptual multistability, and suggest that arousal-linked neuromodulator release shapes action but not perception in these circumstances.

Modernization of the Russian banking sector based on the introduction of financial technologies for effective financial flow management

Subject. The article addresses the need to modernize the banking sector based on the introduction of financial technologies for managing the macro-financial flows. Objectives. The purpose is to present a unique interpretation of the Russian banking sector modernization, based on the introduction of financial technologies for effective management of financial flows in the banking sector. Methods. The study employs normative and integrated approaches to study the effectiveness of managing the macro-financial flows of the banking sector, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, like retrospective, systems and structural-functional analysis, observation, classification, instrumental methods of grouping, selection, comparison and generalization, evolutionary and dynamic analysis. Results. The paper considers the main financial technologies of effective management of macro-financial flows of the Russian banking sector. To improve their efficiency, I propose to use financial technologies for the creation of digital currencies. Conclusions. The use of digital currency will enable banks to manage the macro-financial flows in digital currency more effectively; to automatically track macro-financial flows in digital currency and prohibit their spending for purposes that do not correspond to the intended objective, by adding a special feature, indicating the permissible purposes for spending these funds; to increase the speed of movement of macro-financial flows in the digital form.

A study on approaches to the interpretation of concepts of industrial complex and integrated structure of industry

Subject. The article investigates the essence and salient features within the study of the industrial complex and integrated industrial structure categories. Objectives. The purpose is to research and develop definitions, study approaches to the industrial complex category, and underpin my unique interpretation. Methods. The study applies methods of analysis and synthesis, the systematization, formalization, and comparative analysis approach. Theoretical and methodological provisions contained in the works on industry development by domestic and foreign scientists, and legal documents, serve as the basis of the study. Results. I offer my interpretation of an industrial complex, as a challenging structure, represented by industrial enterprises and characterized by the stability of production cooperation chains, close interrelation of industry and regional specialization, providing for the digital transformation of industry, and subject to the environmental component. The paper identifies key properties of industrial complex, offers a classification by industry specifics, localization, diversification, and the level of State participation. Conclusions. The findings may be used as an element of theoretical basis to support management decisions on industrial complex development.

DEEP-LEARNING-BASED AUTOMATED SEDIMENTARY GEOMETRY CHARACTERIZATION FROM BOREHOLE IMAGES

Sedimentary geometry on borehole images usually summarizes the arrangement of bed boundaries, erosive surfaces, cross bedding, sedimentary dip, and/or deformed beds. The interpretation, very often manual, requires a good level of expertise, is time consuming, can suffer from user bias, and become very challenging when dealing with highly deviated wells. Bedform geometry interpretation from crossbed data is rarely completed from a borehole image. The purpose of this study is to develop an automated method to interpret sedimentary structures, including the bedform geometry, from borehole images. Automation is achieved in this unique interpretation methodology using deep learning. The first task comprised the creation of a training dataset of 2D borehole images. This library of images was then used to train machine learning (ML) models. Testing different architectures of convolutional neural networks (CNN) showed the ResNet architecture to give the best performance for the classification of the different sedimentary structures. The validation accuracy was very high, in the range of 93–96%. To test the developed method, additional logs of synthetic data were created as sequences of different sedimentary structures (i.e., classes) associated with different well deviations, with addition of gaps. The model was able to predict the proper class and highlight the transitions accurately.

Design Approach for Lateral Capacity of Dowel-Type Steel Connections in Precast Reinforced Concrete Elements

In precast concrete buildings, connections play a key role. Among them and especially in industrial buildings, the ability to transfer a shear force from the beam to the column is often left to steel bars (often a single one) that act as dowels. Despite several research studies carried out in recent years, there is still a lack of agreement regarding the applicability of Eurocode 2 rules for fastening in concrete to such specific design case. More specifically, the role of the edge reinforcement and the effectiveness of multiple reinforcement layers in the proximity of the steel bar do not find a unique interpretation. The present paper aims to review existing design methods, both in codes and in literature, for such connections, aiming to propose a common interpretation of the load-transfer mechanism.

Metodologi Tafsir Ilmi:

Thantawi Jauhari and Zaglul an-Najjar are two among many interpreters who approach the interpretation of the Koran with a scientific perspective, both of which try to present the other side of the scientific Koran, both represent different times, the status of the two is not the same too, as Zaglul who is a pure scientist and Thantawi who is a philosopher. Because of the unique interpretation they have thought of, many researchers have studied certain things in their interpretations, of course one of the reason is because of the methods they use. This type of research is a qualitative research with a text analysis approach, the main data from this study are taken from the interpretation book of Thantawi and Zaglul and other sources that are in accordance with the research theme. The results showed that Zaghlul and Thantawi did not use the same model in their interpretation.

THE CONCEPT OF CO-INHERENCE IN THE WORK OF CHARLES WILLIAMS

The article examines the concept of coinherence (or co-inherence) as one of the central and unifying concepts in the life and work of Charles Stansby Williams (1886 – 1945), English poet, writer, and literary critic, also known as “the third Inkling” in conjunction with C .S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien. Through a close study of the writer’s biography and letters as well as his poetry, novels, theological treatises and essays we trace the origin of the term “coinherence,” borrowed from the Church Fathers in the meaning of mutual indwelling of the Persons of the Holy Trinity, uncover the unique interpretation that Williams gave to the term, and look at various ways he used to integrate it into his writing. Understanding coinherence as a fundamental ontological principle of comprehensive mutual interdependence, exchanged life, and substitution as direct fulfillment of the Gospel commandment “to carry each other’s burdens,” Williams portrays it as a necessary condition of any truly human existence and expounds its universal nature on every level of life, from childbirth to money as a means of exchange, to mutual services of empathy, to intercessory prayer, and to self-sacrifice for another’s sake. In his thinking, people can carry each other’s burdens even through barriers of space and time, since they are simultaneously co-inherent to each other and to God who exists both outside of time and space and in all time and space. Thus, in his novels Williams often employs a version of Dante’s vertical chronotope of simultaneity, and one of the most important symbols that reflect the nature of coinherence is the City as a web of continuous mutual exchange and substitution, in its turn coinherent to the City of God. Williams portrays refusal to participate in the principle of co-inherence as “descent to hell” which is seen as a gradual unraveling of any personhood and ultimate annihilation.

The Concept of the State in Weber’s and Landauer’s Works: an Analysis of the Weberian Definition from the Perspective of Anarchist Theory

The article focuses on the concept of the state in the works of the German sociologist M. Weber and his contemporary, the anarchist G. Landauer. Specifically, it is commonly thought that Weber has a unique interpretation of the state, its nature, and inalienable characteristics. This Weberian approach did not fit into any of the traditions that existed at that time in Germany (for example, represented by H. Kelsen, G. Jellinek, and O. von Gierke). However, the author of the article tries to demonstrate that three main Weberian aspects of the state — 1) the monopoly on legitimate physical violence, 2) the relationship of domination, which is accompanied by a minimum desire to obey, and 3) the chance for the regular reproducibility of these relationships — are consonant with Landauer’s concept of the state. This discovered conceptual affinity allows one to look at Weber’s sociology from new angles, without being impacted by the personal beliefs of the German scientist, who very critically treated anarchism as a socio-political movement. In the final section of the paper, the author discusses the modern project of “anarchist sociology”, which also uses Weberian methodology. The paper argues that “anarchist sociology” might be a promising social science with ts unique vision of several key sociological topics, such as domination, power, or social inequality.

Médecins Sans Frontières: Guardian of Humanitarian Values

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), or Doctors without Borders, was started by a few doctors and journalists in the 1970s. Today, MSF is a humanitarian actor to be reckoned with, with its emergency medicine expertise and its unique interpretation of the neutrality and independence principles. The organization has acted unconventionally in numerous humanitarian crises and criticized peer organizations in the sector. This nonconformity has never harmed MSF; the organization is highly respected by the general public. This chapter analyzes how MSF as a principled provocateur could evolve into a public guardian of humanitarian values. We posit that MSF’s controversial acts have become an integral part of its reputation; it is expected to go against the grain. However, in order to be credible, the organization works hard to uphold its ‘volunteer and humanitarian spirit’ and strives to be an effective and professional organization.