Low-Cost Magnesium Primary Production Using Gravity-Driven Multiple Effect Thermal System (G-METS) Distillation

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Madison Rutherford ◽  
Armaghan Ehsani Telgerafchi ◽  
Gabriel Espinosa ◽  
Adam Powell ◽  
David Dussault
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal System ◽  
Multiple Effect ◽  
Gravity Driven

Efficient Low-Cost Gravity-Driven Multiple Effect Thermal System (G-METS) Distillation of Magnesium

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Armaghan Ehsani Telgerafchi ◽  
Gabriel Espinosa ◽  
Madison Rutherford ◽  
Adam Powell ◽  
David Dussault
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal System ◽  
Multiple Effect ◽  
Gravity Driven

scholarly journals Impact of pretreatment on defluoridation of drinking water by bone char adsorption

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Teusner ◽  
Rhett Butler ◽  
Pierre Le Clech
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Gravity Driven

Fluoride concentrations in drinking water in excess of 1.5 mg L-1 are unsafe for human consumption. To reduce excess fluoride intake, developing countries must use low-cost, point-of-use defluoridation techniques. Although previous work has extensively assessed defluoridation using bone char (BC), most of the advanced studies have been based on the use of fluoridated distilled water as a feed solution. In the present study, BC columns were challenged with a range of model solutions, mimicking various pretreatment options. As a result, the relative impact of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and suspended solids (SS) on the performance of BC filters was assessed. In addition, the performance of a gravity-driven, hollow fibre ultrafiltration (UF) module was examined with regards to the potential for use as a pretreatment option. SS were observed to severely clog the columns and cause the complete cessation of flow. The subsequent removal of SS by UF improved the general filter performance as well as increasing the BC lifetime by 50 %. The UF module achieved a reduction in DOC of 34 ± 6 %, resulting in an additional 30 % increase in the lifetime of the BC column.

scholarly journals Assessment of low-cost, non-electrically powered chlorination devices for gravity-driven membrane water kiosks in eastern Uganda

Waterlines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
Lukas Dössegger ◽  
Alan Tournefier ◽  
Laura Germann ◽  
Nicola Gärtner ◽  
Timon Huonder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chain ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Local Supply ◽  
Gravity Driven ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Recontamination during transport and storage is a common challenge of water supply in low-income settings, especially if water is collected manually. Chlorination is a strategy to reduce recontamination. We assessed seven low-cost, non-electrically powered chlorination devices in gravity-driven membrane filtration (GDM) kiosks in eastern Uganda: one floater, two in-line dosers, three end-line dosers (tap-attached), and one manual dispenser. The evaluation criteria were dosing consistency, user-friendliness, ease of maintenance, local supply chain, and cost. Achieving an adequate chlorine dosage (∼2 mg/L at the tap and ≥ 0.2 mg/L after 24 h of storage in a container) was challenging. The T-chlorinator was the most promising option for GDM kiosks: it achieved correct dosage (CD, 1.5–2.5 mg/L) with a probability of 90 per cent, was easy to use and maintain, economical, and can be made from locally available materials. The other in-line option, the chlorine-dosing bucket (40 per cent CD) still needs design improvements. The end-line options AkvoTur (67 per cent CD) and AquatabsFlo® (57 per cent CD) are easy to install and operate at the tap, but can be easily damaged in the GDM set-up. The Venturi doser (52 per cent CD) did not perform satisfactorily with flow rates > 6 L/min. The chlorine dispenser (52 per cent CD) was robust and user-friendly, but can only be recommended if users comply with chlorinating the water themselves. Establishing a sustainable supply chain for chlorine products was challenging. Where solid chlorine tablets were locally rarely available, the costs of liquid chlorine options were high (27–162 per cent of the water price).

Thermal Modeling of Photovoltaic Thermal System with Polymer Sheet in Tube Absorber Collector

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 468-473
Author(s):  
Mohd Afzanizam Mohd Rosli ◽  
Suhaimi Misha ◽  
Kamaruzzaman Sopian ◽  
Sohif Mat ◽  
Mohd Yusof Sulaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Thermal System ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Thermal Heating ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Photovoltaic Thermal System

This study developed a thermal model of a photovoltaic thermal collector (PVT) to predict the performance and outlet temperature of the system. The PVT consisted of a polycrystalline photovoltaic module, a polymer collector–type sheet in a tube, and an insulator. The motivation of the present work is that the polymer materials are flexible, low cost and lightweight which are for the PVT applications. The outlet temperature of the PVT increased with the decreasing rate of mass flow into the riser because the water had sufficient time for thermal heating. One unit of polymer collector can achieve an outlet temperature of 69 °C at 500 W/m2 at a mass flow rate of 0.0063 kg/s.

A novel application of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) in alpine environment for monitoring gravity-driven natural hazards: BLUESLEMON project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Bojeri ◽  
Giovanni Giannotta ◽  
Christian Kofler ◽  
Erika Mai ◽  
Sebastian Mayrguendter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Gravity Driven

<p>The Project “BLUESLEMON – BT Beacon and Unmanned Aerial System technologies for Landslide Monitoring” is funded by provincial funds of South Tirol Italian Autonomous Province and it is developed with the support of Beacon Südtirol-Alto Adige project (funded by the south tyrolean European Regional Development Fund – www.beacon.bz.it) under the supervision of the NOI Techpark Südtirol/Alto Adige as support for consultancy, networking and R&D project backing for the use of UAS in alpine environments.</p><p>The project “BLUESLEMON” aims to develop a low-cost automatic system for monitoring landslide surface displacement through the integration of Bluetooth (BT) Beacons localization and UAS also named Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) technologies. Two subsystems will assemble the final setup: the ground sensors technology and the periodic localization system composed by UAV and beacon reader. These are designed as an inseparable integrated architecture and each individual subsystem cannot operate on the supposed landslide areas without the cooperation of the other one. Thus, a main challenge consists in the identification of low-power-consumption and high-precision Bluetooth devices, as well as in the development of a UAV platform capable to work even at a limit of feasibility considered for an Alpine scenario (e.g. -20 °C at 2500 m asl). To prevent undesirable collisions with surrounding structures (e.g. trees, powerlines and funicular railways), the UAV platform will be equipped with obstacle-detection sensors and collision-avoidance algorithms.</p><p>The proposed architecture aims to exceed the state-of-the-art methodologies by obtaining a single low-cost system adaptable for the inspection of movements related to different types of gravity-driven natural hazards (e.g. slow-moving earth flows, discontinuities in rock walls). In addition, the expected autonomy of the system will allow to avoid the risky operations in-situ. Nowadays, the current methodologies (with or without UAS) are characterized by a high level of criticality in extreme environments such as the alpine surroundings. The solutions of the project’s requirements are of great interest for future reconfigurations of the developed system, in order to extend its use for search and rescue operations in dangerous conditions. Therefore, the suggested method will represent a strong novelty in the reference sector and lead to further application developments with considerable added value elements.</p>

Preliminary results on the correlation between biogenic aerosol and primary production in the Ross Sea – (PNRA-BioAPRoS Project)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Becagli ◽  
Rita Traversi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration

<p>The Biogenic Aerosol and Primary Production in the Ross Sea – BioAPRoS project, funded by funded by the Ministry for the Education, University and Scientific Research (MIUR) through the National Antarctic Research Programme (PNRA) aims to improve the understanding of the ocean-atmosphere interactions with particular attention to the interconnections between oceanic primary production and atmospheric gaseous and particulate compounds. These processes have a strong climatic relevance due to the aerosol interaction with solar radiation, its possible interaction with cloud formation and properties, in a region where other aerosol sources are very limited. To achieve the objectives of the project, measurements and sampling in the atmosphere (dimethylsulfide, in the gas phase, and methanesulfonic acid, sugars, amino acids and methoxyphenols in the aerosols) and in sea water (nutrients, chlorophyll, phytoplankton composition and physiological state, DMSP as a precursor of atmospheric DMS) were carried out simultaneously for the first time at the Italian "Mario Zucchelli" Station (MZS; 74.7°S, 164.1°E).</p><p>We report here the data obtained in two Antarctic field campaigns carried out in summers of 2018-19 and 2019-20. The DMS atmospheric concentration was measured directly in situ by Gas Chromatography.  It showed concentrations up to 921 pptv (the highest value obtained in both campaigns); the timing of maximum concentration was strongly related to the timing of sea ice melting in the surrounding oceanic areas. Within the project, the low-cost ACHAB (Antartic low-Cost Hydro Arduino Bio-optic profiler) probe has been developed for the acquisition of physical and bio-optical data along the water column, during the 2019-20 campaign. Furthermore, the Phyto-VFP (Phytoplankton Variable Fluorescence Production) bio-optical model was refined to be applied to the Southern Ocean for the estimation of primary production in Terranova Bay and Ross Sea at micro and mesoscale resolutions, respectively. Phyto-VFP was specifically set-up using as input chl a satellite data (merged products based on MODIS-A, MERIS, SeaWIFS, VIIRS-N for low resolution images and Sentinel-2 for high resolution ones) as well as the photosynthetic parameters obtained from a series of laboratory experiments conducted on polar species, enabling to take into account the effect of a nutrient limitation on their photosynthetic performance.</p><p>The evolution of concentration of the atmospheric compounds arising from phytoplankton activity was investigated with respect to oceanic parameters (chlorophyll and primary productivity, in turn related to the phytoplankton taxonomic composition and physiological state), to the variations of solar and photosynthetically active radiation, and to the dynamics of sea ice in the Ross Sea.</p><p>Understanding and quantifying the correlation between atmospheric compounds and oceanic primary productivity (affecting the oceanic and atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> budget) has a relevant importance in studies on global change because this interaction is influenced by, and in its turn influences, climatic variations.</p>

scholarly journals Towards developing a low-cost gravity-driven arsenic filtration system using iron oxide nanoparticle-loaded PU foam

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-248
Author(s):  
Arundhati Pillai ◽  
M. Amin F. Zarandi ◽  
Faten B. Hussein ◽  
Krishna M. Pillai ◽  
Nidal H. Abu-Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Gravity Driven ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle

Abstract Arsenic contamination of water sources is a global problem, affecting numerous (especially developing) countries across the world. Exposure to exorbitantly high concentrations reaching 400 parts per billion of arsenic in water sources lead to numerous health complications, including the development of respiratory, neurological, and cancerous diseases. This study focused on developing an innovative, low-cost, and gravity-driven filtration system using a novel iron oxide nanoparticle-loaded polyurethane (PU) foam by which people in developing countries may have easy access to an effective, affordable, and easily fabricated filtration system. After successfully synthesizing the new iron oxide nanoparticle-loaded PU foam, effectiveness of the foam was tested by developing a filtration system consisting of vertical polyvinyl-chloride tubing inserted with 10 and 20 cm of PU foams. Samples of arsenic-contaminated water with known concentrations of 100 and 200 ppb were run through each of the systems numerous times for one and five run cases. The system with 20 cm of PU foam and five runs successfully filtered out around 50–70% of the arsenic from the 100 and 200 ppm samples. The filtration process was quite fast (and hence practical) with each run completing in 5–10 minutes' time. Future research is expected to improve this promising start.

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