scholarly journals Understanding the Mechanisms of Intergenerational Social Inequality in Demographic Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Nicole Hiekel
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Demographic Behavior

AbstractIn this chapter I contrast the economic and cultural perspective of intergenerational transmission processes of social inequality in demographic behavior. I systematically compile the underlying social mechanisms that are scattered across the literature and apply them to the relationships investigated within the CONOPP project. Identifying a predominant focus on the parental resource perspective in the literature linking family background and young adult demographic behavior, I argue in favor of widening the theoretical perspective. Greater theoretical width will enable social scientists to more comprehensively grasp the persistent social stratification of demographic behavior across generations and the role of context in moderating these relationships. I conclude with some suggestions on how future research can further push the boundaries of understanding these relationships.

scholarly journals Being a Small State: Discussion on the Role of Size

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-91
Author(s):  
Justinas Lingevičius
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small States ◽  
Small State

This paper discusses theoretical debates regarding small states and their foreign policy and also argues that research should include more analysis of small states’ identities and the dominant meanings related to being a small state. Using poststructuralistic theoretical perspective and discourse analysis, two empirical cases – Lithuania and New Zealand – are analysed with attention paid to the meanings of smallness and the ways these meanings are constructed. Empirical analysis follows with suggestions for how future research of small states could be improved.

Voter Heuristics and Group Politics in Global Focus

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Michael J. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Regional Inequality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Group Politics

In this chapter I summarize and extend the argument that many people use ethnic and regional heuristics to make inferences about their own future incomes. That, in turn, leads them to think about redistribution differently depending on their ethnic or regional group’s income. I argue that understanding politics requires understanding groups and how people relate to them. I highlight the role of institutions and political actors, and raise the possibility of a progressive’s dilemma in which highlighting ethnic or regional inequality may cause a backlash against redistribution among richer groups. I close by highlighting some paths for future research.

scholarly journals Bereavement in Times of COVID-19: A Review and Theoretical Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-522
Author(s):  
Margaret Stroebe ◽  
Henk Schut
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Expert Assessments

A review of the literature on adaptation to bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted to assess the current state of knowledge. Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies published during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 outbreak. 44 articles were included in the review. Narrative synthesis showed that knowledge was largely based on expert assessments of prior bereavement research and professional experience; there is so far absence of empirical evidence linking features of COVID-19 bereavement situations to health outcomes. Severe negative consequences have been consistently predicted by authors. There is still relatively little consideration of positive or compensatory processes or the possibility that these could alleviate the effect of the shocking, traumatic circumstances. With two notable exceptions, there has been lack of attention to the role of theoretical models for guiding research and practice. A theoretical perspective (the Dual Process Model, DPM) was applied to the information derived from the available articles. Two features of the DPM framework illustrated its relevance: 1. It enables systematic assessment of the range of loss- and restoration-related challenges for the bereaved; 2. It speaks for extension of psychotherapeutic intervention to manage secondary, restoration- as well as primary, loss-oriented stressors; studies have demonstrated that this may increase the effectiveness of intervention. Directions for future research and DPM application are suggested.

scholarly journals The Structure of Leadership Language: Rhetorical and Linguistic Methods for Studying School Improvement

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-153
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lowenhaupt
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Improvement Strategy ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Linguistic Methods

AbstractIn this chapter, I discuss the justification for a linguistic turn in the study of school improvement with an emphasis on the language of leadership, and in particular persuasion, in the implementation of reform. In addition to exploring the ways in which discourse analysis can be used more generally to understand the nature of school improvement, I also focus on the particular method of rhetorical analysis as it can be leveraged to understand how the structure of language can be in and of itself an improvement strategy for educational leaders. After discussing the methodological approach, I share examples of studies of principals’ talk in the context of reform and the findings that emerged. I then consider the methodological implications of this rhetorical and linguistic turn, before ending with implications for future research and practice about the role of language in improvement efforts.

scholarly journals Local Citizenships and the Visigothic Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Martínez Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Medieval Studies ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Early Medieval Studies

In recent decades, ethnicity and ethnic identity have been one of the main issues of academic discussions of late antique and early medieval studies – including in Visigothic Iberia. Even if the tendency to correlate race and ethnicity has largely ended, the debate on the role of Goths and Romans in the Visigothic kingdom is still ongoing. Most of these discussions are based on funerary remains and how they can be interpreted, and in these contexts we find an application for comparative anthropology. However, in urban contexts there is a tendency to obviate this theoretical perspective. In this chapter I want to go beyond this duality to further develop the validity of urban identity and citizenship as a form of self-presentation outside of ethnic duality.

scholarly journals What matters in business incubation? A literature review and a suggestion for situated theorising

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Theodorakopoulos ◽  
Nada K. Kakabadse ◽  
Carmel McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Situated Learning ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Incubation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Success

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to provide a critical assessment of the literature on business incubation effectiveness and second, to submit a situated theoretical perspective on how business incubation management can provide an environment that supports the development of incubatee entrepreneurs and their businesses. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a narrative critical assessment of the literature on business incubation effectiveness. Definitional issues, performance aspects and approaches to establishing critical success factors in business incubation are discussed. Business incubation management is identified as an overarching factor for theorising on business incubation effectiveness. Findings – The literature on business incubation effectiveness suffers from several deficiencies, including definitional incongruence, descriptive accounts, fragmentation and lack of strong conceptual grounding. Notwithstanding the growth of research on this domain, understanding of how entrepreneurs and their businesses develop within the business incubator environment remains limited. Given the importance of relational, intangible factors in business incubation and the critical role of business incubation management in orchestrating and optimising such factors, it is suggested that theorising efforts would benefit from a situated perspective. Originality/value – The identification of specific shortcomings in the literature on business incubation highlights the need for more systematic efforts towards theory building. It is suggested that focusing on the role of business incubation management from a situated learning theory perspective can lend itself to a more profound understanding of the development process of incubatee entrepreneurs and their firms. Theoretical propositions are offered to this effect, as well as avenues for future research.

Fire Fighting and Emergency Responding

2019 ◽  
pp. 641-661
Author(s):  
Mark Wiggins ◽  
Jaime Auton ◽  
Melanie Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Research Initiatives

This chapter examines the study of expertise in the context of firefighting and emergency responding. The distinction is made between descriptive and experimental approaches, and the need to develop and validate a theoretical perspective that explains expertise in situations that are high dynamic, uncertain, and where the consequences of errors can be significant. Gaps in current knowledge are identified, including the mechanisms by which expertise is acquired and maintained, how it can be measured accurately and reliably, and how and when the capacity for expertise degrades over time and in absence of exposure to emergency conditions. The outcomes of existing research initiatives are discussed, with an emphasis on accurate and precise mental models that are acquired through active interaction within the operational environment. The role of cues and cue utilization are also considered as triggers to activate mental models. Future research directions that will ensure the development of a comprehensive understanding of the nature expertise in firefighting and emergency responding are proposed.

scholarly journals Cloud Computing Services

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ratten
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marketing Capability ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
Cloud Computing Services

Cloud computing is an emerging service technology that has ethical and entrepreneurial implications. Due to technological innovations increasing the attention placed on cloud computing services, more people are focusing on the security and privacy issues determined by ethical guidelines and how the technology is evolving as an entrepreneurial service innovation. This paper presents a theoretical perspective on how a person adopts cloud computing. The literature on technology innovation and adoption behaviour is examined with a focus on social cognitive theory. A theoretical framework is then presented, which indicates a number of propositions to describe the intention of a person to adopt cloud computing services. The role of technology marketing capability, sustained learning and outcome expectancy are included in helping to understand the role of cloud computing applications. Suggestions for future research and practical implications are stated.

Trust and Cooperation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Thöni
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Survey Item ◽  
Group Trust ◽  
Micro Foundations

Most of the empirical research on the role of trust as a determinant for economic prosperity relies on survey measured indicators for trust. In this chapter I discuss a number of studies providing micro-foundations of the link between survey measured trust and cooperative behavior in controlled experiments. The results suggest that the most frequently used survey item on trust correlates with a preference for making the trusting move. In contrast, a survey item on fairness is a strong predictor for a person's expectations about the other's trustworthiness. Applied to a cross-cultural perspective I discuss the radius of trust problem and investigate the role of in-group and out-group trust. In a repeated public goods game I find that out-group trust predicts cooperation in the first round of the game, whereas towards the end of the game in-group trust seems to gain importance.

Play, Game, and Sport in American Folklore and Folklife

2018 ◽  
pp. 343-366
Author(s):  
Fernando Orejuela
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
American Folklore ◽  
Play Game

Play, game, and sport are ambiguous terms important to the study of folklore and folklife. Taken separately or together, they are universal acts of structured and unstructured forms most often occurring as recreation, but they have the potential to be understood as labor or duty. In this chapter I discuss situated activities, ranging from the free, unstructured practice of leisure and entertainment to the structured institutionalization of sport with respect to the intersections of participant–spectator relationships, public–private spaces, race, ethnicity, sex, gender, age, class, ability, and location. This chapter will begin with a brief presentation of early conceptual frameworks. The rest of the chapter will outline the contents of key concepts and approaches to the study of play, game, and sport and how they address concerns for future research that folklorists share with social scientists and cultural studies specialists.

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