Plant Performance and Defensive Role of Proline Under Environmental Stress

The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria, plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems. The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives (natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also been discussed.

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Manipulation of Quercetin and Melatonin in the Down-Regulation of HIF-1α, HSP-70 and VEGF Pathways in Rat’s Kidneys Induced by Hypoxic Stress

Dose-Response ◽

10.1177/1559325820949797 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 155932582094979

Author(s):

Aliah R. Alshanwani ◽

Sameerah Shaheen ◽

Laila M. Faddah ◽

Ahlam M. Alhusaini ◽

Hanaa M. Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Hsp 70 ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Defensive Role ◽

Factor Α ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Hypoxia may lead to inflammatory responses by numerous signaling pathways. This investigation intended to inspect the defensive role of Quercetin (Quer) and/ or Melatonin (Mel) against reno toxicity induced by Sodium nitrite (Sod ntr). Sod ntr injection significantly decreased blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) with a concurrent increase in serum tumor necrosis factor- α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and urea levels. Over protein-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and heat shock, protein-70 and mRNA of HIF-1α were also observed. Pretreatment of the Sod ntr- injected rats with the aforementioned antioxidants; either alone or together significantly improved such parameters. Histopathological examination reinforced the previous results. It was concluded that the combined administration of Quer and Mel may be useful as a potential therapy against renal injury induced by Sod ntr. HIF-1α and HSP-70 are implicated in the induction of hypoxia and its treatment.

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A “Learning from Action” workshop in Japan

Therapeutic Communities The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities ◽

10.1108/tc-02-2018-0005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 77-83

Author(s):

Robert Douglas Hinshelwood ◽

Luca Mingarelli ◽

Simona Masnata

Keyword(s):

Far East ◽

Opportunity To Learn ◽

Content Type ◽

Work Activities ◽

Defensive Role ◽

Feedback Data ◽

Experiential Workshop ◽

First Time ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose Many people in severe mentally disturbed states do not use language or other symbolic media well or coherently. Therefore, the non-verbal medium needs to be understood by workers with such people. The “Learning from Action” experiential workshop was developed in order to provide an opportunity to learn about hidden messages in the relationships and roles occurring in activities. In August 2017, a workshop was run for the first time in Japan. The purpose of this paper is to report the experience and dynamics observed by the three consultants, who are here the authors of this paper. Design/methodology/approach After the workshop all the staff and members, including interpreters, were invited to give feedback. Findings Analysis of the feedback data showed certain important dynamics, concerning especially dependence, cultural defences and the defensive role of activity in a multicultural context. Research limitations/implications This is an initial experience to be followed up by later feedback and further workshops. Practical implications Workers awareness of non-verbal communication within the roles of work activities is a training possibility. It faces various resistances including the mental health assumptions of meaninglessness of any communication outside the verbal. Originality/value This is a method of training not widely used even in European countries, and is the first in a country in the far east.

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TRANSPORT AND DEFENSIVE ROLE OF ELATOL AT THE SURFACE OF THE RED SEAWEEDLAURENCIA OBTUSA(CERAMIALES, RHODOPHYTA)

Journal of Phycology ◽

10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00507.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 584-591 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Daniela B. Sudatti ◽

Silvana V. Rodrigues ◽

Ricardo Coutinho ◽

Bernardo A. P. da Gama ◽

Leonardo T. Salgado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Defensive Role

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Biogeomorphic feedbacks and the ecosystem engineering of recently deglaciated terrain

Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment ◽

10.1177/0309133318816536 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 24-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hannah R Miller ◽

Stuart N Lane

Keyword(s):

Environmental Stress ◽

Ecosystem Engineer ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Ecosystem Engineering ◽

Soil Development ◽

Water Dynamics ◽

Biotic Factors ◽

Successional Stage ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Factors

Matthews’ 1992 geoecological model of vegetation succession within glacial forefields describes how following deglaciation the landscape evolves over time as the result of both biotic and abiotic factors, with the importance of each depending on the level of environmental stress within the system. We focus in this paper on how new understandings of abiotic factors and the potential for biogeomorphic feedbacks between abiotic and biotic factors makes further development of this model important. Disturbance and water dynamics are two abiotic factors that have been shown to create stress gradients that can drive early ecosystem succession. The subsequent establishment of microbial communities and vegetation can then result in biogeomorphic feedbacks via ecosystem engineering that influence the role of disturbance and water dynamics within the system. Microbes can act as ecosystem engineers by supplying nutrients (via remineralization of organic matter and nitrogen fixation), enhancing soil development, either decreasing (encouraging weathering) or increasing (binding sediment grains) geomorphic stability, and helping retain soil moisture. Vegetation can act as an ecosystem engineer by fixing nitrogen, enhancing soil development, modifying microbial community structure, creating seed banks, and increasing geomorphic stability. The feedbacks between vegetation and water dynamics in glacial forefields are still poorly studied. We propose a synthesized model of ecosystem succession within glacial forefields that combines Matthews’ initial geoecological model and Corenblit's model to illustrate how gradients in environmental stress combined with successional time drive the balance between abiotic and biotic factors and ultimately determine the successional stage and potential for biogeomorphic feedbacks.

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Abundance of Boeckella gracilis (Daday, 1902) (Copepoda, Calanoida) in seasonal coastal pools in the Araucania region (38°S, Chile)

Crustaceana ◽

10.1163/15685403-00003814 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 91 (10) ◽

pp. 1211-1217

Author(s):

Patricio De los Ríos

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Environmental Stress ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Calanoid Copepod ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Inland Waters ◽

Absolute Abundance ◽

Significant Inverse Correlation

Abstract The presence of the calanoid copepod Boeckella gracilis (Daday, 1902) in Chilean seasonal pools has been only poorly studied as yet. The aim of the present study thus is to investigate the role of conductivity and temperature on the relative and absolute abundance of B. gracilis in seasonal coastal pools in the Araucania region (38°S, Chile). The results of correlation analysis revealed the presence of a significant inverse correlation between conductivity and relative abundance, whereas no significant correlations were found between conductivity and absolute abundance, between temperature and absolute abundance, and between temperature and relative abundance. These results agree partially with similar observations for mountain pools in the same region, but they would not agree with observations for calanoids of saline and subsaline inland waters in the northern and southern extremes of Chile. Considering this scenario, the species would show different populational responses to environmental stress in different situations, which phenomenon deserves to be studied more extensively and in more detail.

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