Endotoxicosis in Camels (Hemorrhagic Disease; Hemorrhagic Diathesis; Bodus cereus Intoxication)

Abstract 1. Eleven cases of a hemorrhagic diathesis are presented characterized by an increased bleeding time in the presence of a normal coagulation time, normal blood platelet count, and normal clot retraction. An analysis is made of 62 similar cases in the literature. 2. These cases, which have been designated as pseudohemophilia, probably represent a particular disorder of the capillaries, in which capillary retractility following trauma may be inherently defective. 3. The differential diagnosis of these cases from other types of hemorrhagic disease and the necessity for their recognition particularly from the prophylactic standpoint are stressed. Except for easily accessible local bleeding, therapy is at present ineffectual. 4. Standardized methods for the performance of hemorrhagic tests are suggested. The Lee-White method for the coagulation time may give normal values as high as 20 minutes or more.

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CLINICAL CONFERENCE

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.21.1.155 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 155-161

Author(s):

Irving Schulman

Keyword(s):

Hemorrhagic Diathesis ◽

Hemorrhagic Disease ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Upper Eyelid ◽

Good Opportunity ◽

Joint Aspiration ◽

Paternal Uncle ◽

The Family ◽

The Right ◽

Three Sisters

Dr. Schulman: The case we would like to discuss is one chosen for its own intrinsic interest and also because it provides a good opportunity to illustrate some of our newer knowledge of coagulation in general, and hemophilia in particular. The patient is a 4-year-old boy who was referred to this hospital for investigation of a hemorrhagic diathesis. His birth was normal and at the age of 7 days he was circumcised without difficulty. At 1 year of age he developed bleeding from a traumatic laceration of the left upper eyelid, which persisted for 5 days. At the age of 3 years he apparently fell and bit his tongue. This led to persistent bleeding for a period of 14 days, despite the administration of three transfusions. At 3 6/12 years of age, an upper central incisor became loose, resulting in bleeding for 3 days. At 4 years he suddenly developed a painful swelling of the right knee, which increased in severity for 5 days. Joint aspiration yielded 20 ml of blood. At no time did this boy have any other manifestations of bleeding. There had been no nose bleeds. The members of the family are indicated in Figure 1. This patient has two brothers who are unaffected and three sisters who are also unaffected. The mother and father are unaffected. However, the mother's paternal uncle had a severe hemorrhagic disease and, in addition the mother's sister has two sons who also have bleeding manifestations. The disease, then, apparently occurs only in males. It skips a generation and is apparently transmitted by females. This is the classic sex-linked, recessive inheritance which we have come to associate with hemophilia.

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Pathomorphological characteristics of viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.32718/nvlvet9922 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (99) ◽

pp. 148-154

Author(s):

S. S. Zaika ◽

L. V. Bezdіtko ◽

S. V. Guralska ◽

T. F. Kot ◽

Z. V. Khomenko

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Glands ◽

Body Cavity ◽

The Body ◽

Venous Stasis ◽

Hemorrhagic Diathesis ◽

Hemorrhagic Disease ◽

Colorless Liquid ◽

Red Color ◽

Liquid Flows ◽

Reddish Brown Color

The dead animals have a pathomorphological picture with a brightly expressed hemorrhagic diathesis, in many organs there is venous stasis. Blood does not clot for several hours, and at autopsy of organs (heart, lungs, liver, kidneys) it is poured in significant amounts into the body cavity. Macroscopically, the most significant changes are observed in the respiratory system. The lungs are blood-filled, intensely swollen and unevenly colored, have a grayish-pink color with single or multiple spotted and spotted hemorrhages under the pleura. Red or almost colorless liquid flows down from the incision surface, foamy exudate is released from the bronchi when pressed on. There are no patterns in the localization of pathomorphological changes in any part of the lungs (apical, cardiac, diaphragmatic): all parts are damaged at once, or mainly in one or another part. The walls of the trachea, nasal cavities, to a lesser extent the larynx are distinctly hemorrhagic. Their red color is more often caused by venous hyperemia. The lumen of the trachea and larynx is filled with red or colorless foamy fluid. Changes in the liver are constant, but not always the same type and are due to the degree of its blood supply, which causes a change in color, amount and consistency. In the first hours after the death of the animal, the liver is usually completely blood-filled, enlarged, easily torn, has a reddish-brown color with a yellowish tinge in the central parts of the lobes. The capillary network of the body looks like red streaks and dots of irregular shape. Spotted hemorrhages are sometimes observed under the capsule of the organ. The gallbladder contains some bile, its mucous is rough, a bit exfoliated. The spleen is increased in size by 1.5–3 times, swollen, dark cherry in color with a typical purple tinge. The kidneys are completely blood-filled, reddish-brown and increased in several times. The thymus is slightly reddened, often with multiple spotted or spotted hemorrhages in the chest. Lymph nodes are pulpy, grayish-pink, rarely red, not significantly changed in size. The heart (especially its right half) is filled with a large amount of black and red blood, increased in size , the walls of the ventricles are stretched, thin, have flabby consistency. Multiple spotted and spotted hemorrhages under the epicardium and endocardium are common. Changes in the gastrointestinal tract characterize catarrhal (rarely catarrhal-hemorrhagic) inflammation, sometimes hemorrhage in the duodenum and rectum, exfoliation of the gastric mucosa. In the form of hemorrhage, pathological and anatomical changes are found in the uterus and adrenal glands, in the form of congestive hyperemia – in the genitals, goiter, brain.

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A scanning electron microscopic study of the eggs of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128705 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 884-885 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. A. Nunamaker ◽

C. E. Nunamaker ◽

B. C. Wick

Keyword(s):

Distinct Species ◽

Hemorrhagic Disease ◽

Insect Vector ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Important Species ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽

Laboratory Colony ◽

Culicoides Variipennis ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Scanning Electron

Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) is probably the most economically important species of biting midge in the U.S. due to its involvement in the transmission of bluetongue (BT) disease of sheep, cattle and ruminant wildlife, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) of deer. Proposals have been made to recognize the eastern and western populations of this insect vector as distinct species. Others recommend use of the term “variipennis complex” until such time that the necessary biosystematic studies have been made to determine the genetic nature and/or minute morphological differences within the population structure over the entire geographic range of the species. Increasingly, students of ootaxonomy are relying on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess chorionic features. This study was undertaken to provide comparative chorionic data for the C. variipennis complex.Culicoides variipennis eggs were collected from a laboratory colony maintained in Laramie, Wyoming.

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Studies on the Interaction of Warfarin and Clofibrate in Man

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1649370 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 27 (02) ◽

pp. 309-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. A O’Reilly ◽

M. A Sahud ◽

A. J Robinson

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽

Adenosine Diphosphate ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Term Therapy ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Hemorrhagic Diathesis ◽

Platelet Adhesiveness ◽

Clotting Factors ◽

One Stage

SummaryTo evaluate the basis for the hemorrhagic diathesis associated with oral anticoagulant therapy plus the hypolipidemic agent clofibrate, this interaction was studied in 8 normal subjects. Administration of clofibrate 2.0 g/day alone for 14 days had no effect on the platelet count, bleeding time, platelet aggregation, plasma adenosine diphosphatase, platelet release of adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate, platelet-collagen adhesion, one-stage prothrombin time, or vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX and X) but significantly reduced platelet adhesiveness and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. After addition of large single doses of sodium warfarin, 1.5 mg/kg body weight, to the clofibrate regimen, all values remained within the normal range, including platelet adhesiveness, except epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. The one-stage prothrombin activity and clotting factors II and X were significantly lower with warfarin plus clofibrate than with warfarin alone, but the plasma level of warfarin was unchanged. Co-administration of sodium warfarin and clofibrate for 21 days augmented the hypoprothrombinemia observed in long-term therapy with warfarin alone but caused no significant change in the plasma warfarin level. It is concluded that the hemorrhagic complications of therapy with warfarin plus clofibrate result primarily from the more rapid decline in the activities of clotting factors II and X and perhaps also from the reduced platelet aggregation.

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Daunorubicin and Platelet Function

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1650125 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 45 (01) ◽

pp. 038-042 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M E Pogliani ◽

R Fantasia ◽

G Lambertenghi-Deliliers ◽

E Cofrancesco

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Cellular Membrane ◽

Hemorrhagic Diathesis ◽

Clot Retraction ◽

Freezing And Thawing ◽

Platelet Factor ◽

High Doses ◽

Very High ◽

Platelet Functions

SummaryThe influence of Daunorubicin on some platelet functions in vitro was investigated, using different concentrations of the drug (0.01-0.02-0.04 μg/ml). Daunorubicin was shown to inhibit Collagen and Thrombin induced platelet aggregation and the intensity of inhibition depended on both drug concentration and the time of preincubation.Daunorubicin was also shown to inhibit the release reaction, the platelet prostaglandin pathway and the availability platelet factor 3; the drug at concentrations for clinical use does not damage the platelet membrane, as is the case with the freezing and thawing test, in platelet uptake of 14C-serotonin and as confirmed by the electron microscope. When very high doses (0.16 mg) of Daunorubicin are used, lysis of the platelets can be observed and this is confirmed under the electron microscope by the presence of empty platelets with fractures at the level of the cytoplasmic membrane.Finally, Daunorubicin causes irreversible inhibition of reptilase clot-retraction, even if this is less severe than with Vincristine. Working with gel-filtered platelets, it would appear that the inhibition exercised by the drug on platelet reactions is not caused through modifications in Ca++ metabolism.The authors suggest that Daunorubicin, at the dosages used clinically, induces in vitro thrombocytopathy without damaging the cellular membrane as confirmed by the electron microscope.This impairment of platelet functions could play a part in hemorrhagic diathesis observed during Daunorubicin therapy.

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