Morphoanatomy of Pangasionodon hypopthalmus Reared Under Controlled Photoperiod

Fish morphoanatomy is affected by environmental condition such as photoperiod duration. A research on the effects of shortened photoperiod on the morphoanatomy of Pangasionodon hypopthalmus has been conducted. There were 3 treatments applied, namely, 24 hours dark (24D), 18 hours dark (18D) and natural photoperiod (control). The fish, 8 cm total length (TL) and 4 gr body weight (BW) were reared in circular plastic tanks filled with 100 L freshwater and completed with aerators and circulation pumps, 30 fishes/tank. The fish was reared for 8 weeks and fed with commercial fish feed pellets, twice/day, at satiation. The dark condition was created by placing the tanks under dark tarp tents. Morphoanatomy data were studied by the end of experiment. Results shown that the survival of fish was 100%. The growth of fish reared in 24D and 18D was better, more than 20 cm TL and 85 gr BW, while that of the control was 18 cm TL and 72 gr BW. The condition factor as well as the liver condition of fish in all treatment was not different, it was around 1.2. The liver was reddish brown color, smooth and oily in which hepatosomatic index (HSI) value 0.023 in 24D; 0.027 in 18D and 0.048 in control. The visceralsonatic index (VSI) was 0.090 in 24D; 0.70 in 18D and 0.161 in control. In most of fishes reared in 24D and 18D, the gonad were in the 1st maturity stage (gonadosomatic index; GSI 0.0058 to 0.0068), while the gonad of some control fishes were in the 2nd maturity stage (GSI 0.0080). Data obtained shown that the morphoanatomical data (HSI, VSI and GSI) of the fish reared in lengthened dark were lower, but the growth data (TL and BW) was higher than those of the control, indicated that the fish reared in dark condition may allocated more energy for growing.

Manufacture of Mikania micrantha vinegar and investigation of its repellent activity for Forcipomyia taiwana

Crude vinegar was prepared from Mikania micrantha plants using a steel kiln. The ether-extracted vinegar and acidic, phenolic, and neutral fractions were obtained by the partition method. The fundamental properties of crude vinegar, including its fractions applied to repel biting midges (Forcipomyia taiwana), were investigated. Results indicated that the crude vinegar had a moisture content of 91%, Gardner color value of 11.2, a reddish-brown color, specific gravity of 1.0164, pH of 5.36, organic acid content of 2.50%, and soluble tar content of 0.78%. In ether-extracted vinegar of M. micrantha, the acidic component was the major ingredient, followed by the neutral, phenolic, and nitrogenous components. The main organic compounds of the acidic, phenolic, nitrogenous, and neutral components were acetic acid, phenol, 3-pyridinol, and 2-furanmethanol, respectively. The results also demonstrated that the crude vinegar, ether-extracted vinegar, and the phenolic and neutral fractions effectively repelled biting midges, with absolute repellent times of 49, 87, 83, and 99 min, respectively. The repellent activity of ether-extracted vinegar and the phenolic and neutral fractions of M. micrantha vinegar on biting midges was higher than that of a commercial repellent agent (named Dinling) with absolute repellent time of 61 min.

Mutations in a β-group of solute carrier gene are responsible for egg and eye coloration of the brown egg 4 (b-4) mutant in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

The brown egg 4 (b-4) is a recessive mutant in the silkworm (Bombyx mori), whose egg and adult compound eyes exhibit a reddish-brown color instead of normal purple and black, respectively. By double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) analysis, we narrowed down a region linked to the b-4 phenotype to approximately 1.1 Mb that contains 69 predicted gene models. RNA-seq analysis in a b-4 strain indicated that one of the candidate genes had a different transcription start site, which generates a short open reading frame. We also found that exon skipping was induced in the same gene due to an insertion of a transposable element in other two b-4 mutant strains. This gene encoded a putative amino acid transporter that belongs to the β-group of solute carrier (SLC) family and is orthologous to Drosophila eye color mutant gene, mahogany (mah). Accordingly, we named this gene Bmmah. We performed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout targeting Bmmah. Several adult moths in generation 0 (G0) had totally or partially reddish-brown compound eyes. We also established three Bmmah knockout strains, all of which exhibit reddish-brown eggs and adult compound eyes. Furthermore, eggs from complementation crosses between the b-4 mutants and the Bmmah knockout mutants also exhibited reddish-brown color, which was similar to the b-4 mutant eggs, indicating that Bmmah is responsible for the b-4 phenotypes.

Limpapeh Pada Baju Kuruang Basiba

<p class="SammaryHeader" align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Limpapeh or Attacus atlas is a large butterfly with a wingspan wide, which has a reddish brown color and decorated with a bit of white color. Limpapeh usialy found in houses, buildings, on trees, leaves and flowers that blooming. For the people of Minangkabau, limpapeh is the designation for Minangkabau women who have grown up and will be the responsible for maintaining the lineage of the future, based on the maternal lineage will become residents in the house. The form of limpapeh in the creation of this Artwork is such a motif that is found on kuruang basiba clothes, kuruang bsiba clothes is basically a women Minangkabau clothes, that has a characteristic on the side of the shirt called siba and kikik. The presence of limpapeh wings shape on the chest, arms and subordinate makes the clothes more interesting.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords :</em></strong><em> Limpapeh, Clothes Kuruang Basiba</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstrak <br /></em></strong></p><p><em>Limpapeh atau attacus atlas merupakan kupu-kupu besar dengan bentangan sayap yang luas, yang memiliki warna coklat kemerahan dan dihiasi sedikit warna putih. Kebiasaan limpapeh hinggap pada rumah, bangunan, pepohonan, dedaunan dan bunga yang sedang bermekaran. Bagi masyarakat minangkabau limpapeh adalah sebutan untuk perempuan Minangkabau yang sudah beranjak dewasa yang bertanggung jawab menjaga garis keturunan berikutnya, berdasarkan garis keturunan ibu yang akan menjadi penghuni dalam rumah gadang. Bentuk limpapeh dalam penciptaan karya ini adalah sebagai motif dari baju kuruang basiba, baju kuruang basiba merupakan pakaian perempuan Minangkabau yang mempunyai ciri khas yaitu pada bagian samping baju terdapatnyasiba dan kikik. Bentuk sayap limpapeh yang terdapat pada bagian dada, lengan dan bawahan baju serta bentuk limpapeh yang berbentuk utuh yang berterbangan sehingga membuat baju kuruang basiba, ini lebih menarik</em></p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci : </em></strong><em>Limpapeh, Baju Kuruang Basiba</em></p>

PHYSICOCHEMICAL STUDY AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS SWARNA MAKSHIKA BHASMA.

Swarnamakshika is grouped under Updhatu of Swarna and is composed of Copper, Iron and Sulphur. In this study Swarnamakshika was subjected to Shodhana by Bharjana with Nimbuka swarasa and Shudha Swarnamakshika was given Bhavana with Nimbuka swarasa and subjected to Varahaputa. With ten Varahaputa Bhasma Siddhi Lakshanas were attained swarnamakshika Marana was done by using Nimbuka swarasa until bhasma siddi lakshanas found and it took 10 puta till it attained reddish brown color. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that d-identified peaks after 10th puta Swarnamakshika bhasma composition is of Iron oxide with rhombohedral crystal system as main component. EDX analysis of Swarna makshika bhasma shows that it contains Iron and Oxygen, as major element and Copper, Sulphur, Carbon, Aluminium, Calcium etc. as minor elements. FESEM study revealed that the particle size of Ashudha and Shudha Swarnamakshika was in the range of 500 nm-3nm. Keywords: Swarnamakshika Bhasma, Nimbuka swarasa, puta

The Quality Analysis Of Sambal Masin (Sumbawa Specialties) With Variation Concentrations Of Salt And Tamarind

Masin is a type of chili sauce fermented by using rebon shrimp with the addition of salt and tamarind widely consumed in the West Nusa Tenggara, being particularly popular among the Sumbawa people. The aimed of this research was to determine the effect of salt and tamarind concentration on the quality of masin as the Sumbawa sauce. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with salt and tamarind concentration. The treatments were MU1 (8% salt: 10% tamarind), MU2 (salt 10 %: 8% tamarind), MU3 (12% salt: 6% tamarind), MU4 (14% salt: 4% tamarind), and MU5 (16% salt: 2% tamarind). Data was analyzed using Co-Stat software with 5% significance differences. The treatments that were significantly different was then analyzed using Honestly Significance Difference (HSD). The results showed that the treatment of salt and tamarind concentrations significantly affected the water content, protein content, acidity (pH) of the color, aroma, and masin flavor of Sumbawa. The best treatments was obtained at MU4 (14% salt: 4% tamarind) with 6% acidity (pH), 69.35% water content, 11.54% protein content, 4.45 (reddish-brown) color value score. Aroma 3.75 (like) and taste 3.55 (somewhat like)

Pathomorphological characteristics of viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits

The dead animals have a pathomorphological picture with a brightly expressed hemorrhagic diathesis, in many organs there is venous stasis. Blood does not clot for several hours, and at autopsy of organs (heart, lungs, liver, kidneys) it is poured in significant amounts into the body cavity. Macroscopically, the most significant changes are observed in the respiratory system. The lungs are blood-filled, intensely swollen and unevenly colored, have a grayish-pink color with single or multiple spotted and spotted hemorrhages under the pleura. Red or almost colorless liquid flows down from the incision surface, foamy exudate is released from the bronchi when pressed on. There are no patterns in the localization of pathomorphological changes in any part of the lungs (apical, cardiac, diaphragmatic): all parts are damaged at once, or mainly in one or another part. The walls of the trachea, nasal cavities, to a lesser extent the larynx are distinctly hemorrhagic. Their red color is more often caused by venous hyperemia. The lumen of the trachea and larynx is filled with red or colorless foamy fluid. Changes in the liver are constant, but not always the same type and are due to the degree of its blood supply, which causes a change in color, amount and consistency. In the first hours after the death of the animal, the liver is usually completely blood-filled, enlarged, easily torn, has a reddish-brown color with a yellowish tinge in the central parts of the lobes. The capillary network of the body looks like red streaks and dots of irregular shape. Spotted hemorrhages are sometimes observed under the capsule of the organ. The gallbladder contains some bile, its mucous is rough, a bit exfoliated. The spleen is increased in size by 1.5–3 times, swollen, dark cherry in color with a typical purple tinge. The kidneys are completely blood-filled, reddish-brown and increased in several times. The thymus is slightly reddened, often with multiple spotted or spotted hemorrhages in the chest. Lymph nodes are pulpy, grayish-pink, rarely red, not significantly changed in size. The heart (especially its right half) is filled with a large amount of black and red blood, increased in size , the walls of the ventricles are stretched, thin, have flabby consistency. Multiple spotted and spotted hemorrhages under the epicardium and endocardium are common. Changes in the gastrointestinal tract characterize catarrhal (rarely catarrhal-hemorrhagic) inflammation, sometimes hemorrhage in the duodenum and rectum, exfoliation of the gastric mucosa. In the form of hemorrhage, pathological and anatomical changes are found in the uterus and adrenal glands, in the form of congestive hyperemia – in the genitals, goiter, brain.

POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY UTILIZATION FOR DETECTION OF JEMBRANA ANTIGEN AT BALI CATTLE IN WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE

The aims of this study were to detect Jembrana antigen with polyclonal antibody and to describe antigen distribution in the Bali cattle organ that positively infected with Jembrana disease. Spleens, lungs, and livers were harvested from 10 naturally infected Bali cattle whose infection was confirmed through positive Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) result for Jembrana virus. Immunohistochemistry test was performed using polyclonal antibodies produced in rabbits. The results showed that cells infected by Jembrana viruses displayed positive reaction with a reddish brown color. Immunohistochemistry methods using polyclonal antibodies can detect Jembrana antigens in the spleen, liver, and lung with the highest average detection score (P0.05) was found in spleen, followed by liver and lungs. There was significant difference in the distribution of Jembrana antigens between the spleen, liver, and lungs with spleen having the highest antigen density.

Lanthanide orthothiophosphates revisited: single-crystal X-ray, Raman, and DFT studies of TmPS4 and YbPS4

The crystal structures of the lanthanide orthothiophosphates LnPS4 (Ln=lanthanide) have been extensively investigated in the past. Up to now, however, single crystals of two members of this series – TmPS4 and YbPS4 – have not been available. Here, we report a modified synthesis protocol for TmPS4 and YbPS4 yielding single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction. Both compounds crystallize in the tetragonal space group I41/acd (no. 142) with 16 formula units per unit cell and adopt the SmPS4 parent structure, like most reported lanthanide orthothiophosphates. The structures contain isolated [PS4]3− tetrahedra and two crystallographically independent Ln3+ cations, which form trigonal-dodecahedral [LnS8]13− polyhedra. The lattice parameters for TmPS4 are a = 10.598(2), c = 18.877(4) Å with V = 2120.2(6) Å3, and for YbPS4a = 10.577(2), c = 18.827(4) Å with V = 2106.2(7) Å3. The DFT-calculated electronic band structures indicate semiconducting behavior and reveal indirect band gaps of 2.1–2.2 eV, consistent with the reddish brown color of YbPS4, but underestimating the band gap of pale-yellow TmPS4. The Raman spectra are dominated by [PS4]3− vibrations as confirmed by DFT-calculated phonon spectra. DTA measurements reveal remarkably high thermal stability compared to other known orthothiophosphate compounds.

The damselfly genus Mecistogaster (Odonata: Pseudostigmatidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with a description of three new species and a neotype designation for M. amalia (Burmeister, 1839)

Mecistogaster Rambur, 1842 is a genus of Pseudostigmatidae with five species distributed from Mexico to Argentina. Four of these occur in Brazil, two of which were recorded on the Atlantic Forest, M. amalia (Burmeister, 1839) and M. linearis (Fabricius, 1776). After examining 140 specimens of Mecistogaster amalia it was possible to conclude that it is a complex of species and three new species are described, M. kesselringi sp. nov., M. mielkei sp. nov. and M. nordestina sp. nov. The males differ from each other mainly by the presence or absence of alula, the area occupied by the reddish-brown color of the mesepimeron and penis structure. The females differ mainly by the region occupied for the pale apical area of wing and epiproct shape. The problem of Burmeister’s type of M. amalia is discussed and a neotype is erected for it. Distribution and phenology data are provided. A key for males recorded from Brazilian Atlantic Forest is presented.