scholarly journals Encountering Colonial Worlds Through Missionary Maps in the Late-Nineteenth-Century Grand Duchy of Finland

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-222
Author(s):  
Johanna Skurnik
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Reading Materials ◽  
Human Difference ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Geographical Imaginations ◽  
Grand Duchy ◽  
European Populations

AbstractThis chapter examines how the Finnish Missionary Society utilized mass-produced maps and related reading materials to fuel geographical imaginations that concerned non-European populations and lands to gain support for the missionary cause between 1859 and the mid-1890s. The chapter shows how the maps and texts entangled the Finnish audiences with the processes of colonization in complex ways: they reproduced discussions concerning human difference, generated geographies of cannibalism, and entwined Finnish missionary work with discourse of colonial philanthropy. Once the FMS started its own mission in Owambo, the maps were utilized to bridge the geographical distance and make the colonial space of “Ovamboland” their own.

scholarly journals Visual Stereotypes of Tatars in the Finnish Press from the 1880s to the 1910s

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Ainur Elmgren
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Grand Duchy

Visual stereotypes constitute a set of tropes through which the Other is described and depicted to anaudience, who perhaps never will encounter the individuals that those tropes purport to represent.Upon the arrival of Muslim Tatar traders in Finland in the late nineteenth century, newspapers andsatirical journals utilized visual stereotypes to identify the new arrivals and draw demarcation linesbetween them and what was considered “Finnish”. The Tatars arrived during a time of tension inthe relationship between the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland and the Russian Empire, withthe Finnish intelligentsia divided along political and language lines. Stereotypical images of Tatarpedlars were used as insults against political opponents within Finland and as covert criticism ofthe policies of the Russian Empire. Stereotypes about ethnic and religious minorities like the Tatarsfulfilled a political need for substitute enemy images; after Finland became independent in 1917,these visual stereotypes almost disappeared.

The International Religious Network of Yun Chi-ho (1865–1965: Mission or Dialogue?

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
Shin Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Medical Missionary ◽  
Christian Message

For five hundred years (1392–1910, Neo-Confucianism had been the state religion in Korea before Christianity was transmitted by Western missionaries. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, French Catholic missionaries taught the Christian message without permission, resulting in severe persecution by the Korean rulers. But during the late nineteenth century American Protestant missionaries secured permission from the Korean king and started educational and medical missionary work, rather than engaging in direct evangelical activity.

scholarly journals Tatar Pedlars in the Grand Duchy of Finland in the Late Nineteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Wassholm
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
The Press ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Digital Newspaper ◽  
Grand Duchy

In the 1880s, the arrival of a new group of traders was noted in Finnish- and Swedish-languagenewspapers published in the Grand Duchy of Finland. The newcomers were Muslim Tatars, pettytraders originating in a few villages south of Nizhny Novgorod. They found a livelihood in marketand itinerant trade in the Russian Empire. This article examines depictions of Tatar mobile tradersin the late nineteenth-century press in Finland. While petty trade has left fragmentary traces inhistorical sources, the Finnish National Library’s digital newspaper database offers new possibilitiesto create an overview of how the press depicted relations between the early Tatar itineranttraders and the local sedentary society. Through the concepts of space and practices, the articlediscusses the following topics: fairs as a space for ethnic encounters, Tatar trading practices andinteraction with local customers, the traders’ use of space and tactics in relation to formal regulationand the fairs as a “threatening” space. The article contributes new knowledge on the earlyperiod of Tatar presence in Finland, relatively invisible in previous research, and on the multiethniccharacter of late nineteenth-century petty trade.

scholarly journals Buying and Borrowing Books: Book Consumption In Late Nineteenth-Century Sweden (pp 121-154)

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Book Trade ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Reading Materials ◽  
Lending Library ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
City Mysteries ◽  
Over Time

How did Swedish readers in the late nineteenth century acquire reading materials, and what books were the most popular? And how did their reading preferences change over time?A few unique, recently discovered sources, consisting of sales’ and borrowers’ ledgers from three different institutions – a parish library, a commercial lending library and a bookshop – can help to answer these questions. These three institutions represented key elements of the Swedish book trade, and together they served customers from the entire social spectrum, from farmhands, blacksmiths and labourers to bishops, noblemen and literary critics.  Generally speaking, the Swedish reading public of the late nineteenth century was divided into two groups: those who bought books, and those who borrowed them. The bookshop was where all the latest books could be found, and Strindberg, Ibsen and Daudet were among the best-selling authors. The parish library, by contrast, had only a limited range of fiction – mainly written by an earlier generation of authors – and primarily acquired books that would enlighten and educate, rather than entertain. However, the members of the parish library preferred fiction above all, and over the years they transformed from omnivorous to discerning readers. The commercial lending library, which specialised in novels, attracted many bookworms, with some people borrowing from fifty to one hundred books a year, very often historical novels.Different customer groups seem to have had different literary preferences. The study shows for example that female customers of the bookshop tended to buy books on women’s emancipation, and preferred Tolstoy to Strindberg – who was the male customers’ favourite. And while romantic and gothic stories, and the so-called “city mysteries” by Eugène Sue were hugely popular among the students and the artisans of the commercial lending library, they aroused little interest among the bookshop’s customers.

Saviors and Scientists: North American Protestant Missionaries and the Development of Anthropology

2003 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. HIGHAM
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Few historians of anthropology and missionary work examine the relationship of Protestant missionaries with nineteenth-century anthropologists and its effect on anthropological portrayals of Indians. This paper poses the question: Does it make a difference that early anthropologists in Canada and the United States also worked as Protestant missionaries or relied on Protestant missionaries for data? Answering yes, it shows how declining support for Indian missions led missionaries to peddle their knowledge of Indians to scholarly institutions. These institutions welcomed missionaries as professionals because of their knowledge, dedication, and time in the field. Such relationships helped create a transnational image of the Indian in late nineteenth-century North American anthropology.

Reconstruction’s Revival

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Religious Denomination ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter explores how missionary work that began as evangelical outreach developed into a system of shared grievances when African Americans began to see the meaningful parallels and symmetries between their own limited political influence in the Reconstruction South and African communities affected by colonialism. Drawing on the minutes of the annual meeting and publication records of the Mission Herald, the National Baptist Convention's monthly newsletter, the chapter traces African American engagement with Africa in the late nineteenth century through the transformation of a historically decentralized religious denomination into a collective space for civic mobilization, shaped by diasporic identification and linked social circumstances.

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