Environmental Trauma in the Narratives of Postwar Reconstruction: The Loss of Place and Identity in Northern Finland After World War II

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-297
Author(s):  
Outi Autti
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
Place And Identity

Understanding the Trajectory of Japanese Capitalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Heidi Gottfried ◽  
David Fasenfest
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
World War ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
Regional Dynamics ◽  
Japanese Capitalism ◽  
Historical Examination

How can we understand the trajectory of Japanese capitalism? This Afterword situates Japan on a broad canvas stretching across both the region and the globe. East Asia’s regional dynamics figure prominently, shaping the trajectory of Japanese capitalism not only in the formative Age of Empire and postwar reconstruction, but also in the emergent Asian Century. An historical examination of geo-politics highlights imperial entanglements and both the routes and the roots of capitalist development in Japan. This discussion begins by setting the stage of post-World War II Japan, elaborating on the reproductive bargain that characterizes Japan’s political economy, investigating the importance of national identity as it informs who can participate in Japan’s economy, revealing the underbelly of contemporary Japan, discussing forces for change, and revisiting the methodological approach used to understand Japanese capitalism.

Intertwined Itineraries: Debt, Decolonization, and International Law in Post-World War II South Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Kalyani Ramnath
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Law ◽  
South Asian ◽  
World War Two ◽  
British India ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
State Practice

This Article brings a Tamil-speaking Chettiar widow and a Dutch scholar of international law - two seemingly disparate characters - together through a footnote. Set against the background of decolonizing South and Southeast Asia in the aftermath of World War Two, it follows the judgment in a little-known suit for recovery of debt, filed at a district-level civil court in Madras in British India, which escaped the attention of local legal practitioners, but made its way into an international law treatise compiled and written in Utrecht, twenty years later. Instead of using it to trace how South Asian judiciaries interpreted international law, the Article looks at why claims to international law were made by ordinary litigants like Chettiar women in everyday cases like debt settlements, and how they became “evidence” of state practice for international law. These intertwined itineraries of law, that take place against the Japanese occupation of Burma and the Dutch East Indies and the postwar reconstruction efforts in Rangoon, Madras and Batavia, show how jurisdictional claims made by ordinary litigants form an underappreciated archive for histories of international law. In talking about the creation and circulation of legal knowledges, this Article argues that this involves thinking about and writing from footnotes, postscripts and marginalia - and the lives that are intertwined in them.

scholarly journals Soviet Citizens’ Wages and Their Purchasing Power in 1940–1955 (Sverdlovsk Region)

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Mamyachenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
World War ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War

Material living conditions of the Soviet population during World War II and in the postwar years have been studied by a large number of scholars. At the same time, few publications deal with wages as a socio-economic category. This article aimed to examine the level, dynamics, and purchasing power of Soviet citizens’ wages in 1940–1950, taking the Sverdlovsk Region as an example. The chosen topic is relevant, since payment for work is, in the majority of cases, the most important incentive to human activity. The period under consideration was extremely eventful for the Soviet Union, encompassing the Great Patriotic War and the postwar reconstruction. From 1940 up to the early 1960s, the number of scholarly publications on the problematic aspects of wages was rather limited. Importantly, this paper claims that the analysis of wages is unproductive without taking into account the specifics of the realities of Soviet everyday life, which affected consumption figures. It is noted that during the war, the state ration prices remained practically unchanged, while commercial prices rose more than tenfold, which made the goods virtually inaccessible to the vast majority of consumers. The author concludes that the prewar level of consumption for most citizens of the USSR was achieved by the early 1950s.

Science and Technology in Postwar Europe

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Jamison
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
First Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
Postwar Europe ◽  
Technical Artifacts ◽  
Scientific Facts

In the decades that have followed World War II, science and technology have come to play ever more central roles in the lives and life worlds of Europeans. Indeed, in the twenty-first century there is very little that goes on in Europe without there being at least some influence from science and technology. Europe has become a place where scientific ‘facts’ and technical ‘artifacts’ permeate our existence. They have infiltrated our languages, altered our behaviour, changed our habits, and, perhaps most fundamentally, imposed their instrumental logic – what philosophers call technological rationality – on our social interaction and the ways in which we communicate with one another. The advent of industrialisation led to the formation of a number of new scientific and engineering fields – thermodynamics, biochemistry, public health, electrical engineering, city planning, among others – and new forms of higher education and communication. This article focuses on science and technology in postwar Europe, and looks at postwar reconstruction, reform, and the age of commercialisation.

1. Integration and Disintegration before 1945

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Stirk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
New Order ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World War ◽  
National Integration ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines patterns of national integration and international disintegration in the decades before World War II. It first provides an overview of integration and disintegration before World War I, along with World War I and postwar reconstruction, before discussing the challenge of the New Order envisioned by Adolf Hitler. It argues that national integration was a source of myths that formed an obstacle to the consolidation of incipient European integration. It also shows that economic integration did not lead inexorably to political unification and that visions of empire, central to the history of the major European states, challenged the supposed pre-eminence of the nation state and were bound up, in varying degrees, with some visions of integration. Finally, the chapter explains how integration, often assumed to be a peaceful process in contrast to the violent proclivities of nationalism and the nation state, has not always taken a benign form.

scholarly journals LABOR DAILY LIFE OF THE SOVIET ELITE IN LENINGRAD IN THE ERA OF LATE STALINISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
A.A. Amosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
History Of Emotions ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leading Cadres

The article presents the research of the working norms and practices of the Soviet elite in the 1945-1950. The main attention is paid to the political biographies of the chairmen of Leningrad local government (Soviets). The research is based on methods of the oral history and the history of emotions; its source base includes documents from the archives of St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Crimea. The studied generation of Leningrad leading cadres came to government positions in the late 1930s, after the repressions of the "Great Terror". The members of the Soviet elite passed the testing of their professional skills during World War II and the Blockade of Leningrad, and directed the forced postwar reconstruction of the national economy. In the late 1940s, they became victims of the so-called “Leningrad affair”.

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