Normal Sleep: Interindividual Differences and Sleep Variability

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Maria Júlia Figueiró Reis
Keyword(s):  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Normal Sleep

Interindividual Differences in Cognitive Functioning Are Associated with Autobiographical Memory Retrieval Specificity in Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Peters ◽  
Signy Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Retrieval Cues ◽  
Contextual Support

Abstract. We examined whether interindividual differences in cognitive functioning among older adults are related to episodic memory engagement during autobiographical memory retrieval. Older adults ( n = 49, 24 males; mean age = 69.93; mean education = 15.45) with different levels of cognitive functioning, estimated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), retrieved multiple memories (generation task) and the details of a single memory (elaboration task) to cues representing thematic or event-specific autobiographical knowledge. We found that the MoCA score positively predicted the proportion of specific memories for generation and episodic details for elaboration, but only to cues that represented event-specific information. The results demonstrate that individuals with healthy, but not unhealthy, cognitive status can leverage contextual support from retrieval cues to improve autobiographical specificity.

Interindividual differences in scaling performance

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gosta Ekman ◽  
Brita Hosman ◽  
Ralf Lindman ◽  
Leif Ljungberg ◽  
Caj Akesson
Keyword(s):  
Interindividual Differences

Monitoring Anticoagulant Therapy by Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time: Hirudin Assessment

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (05) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Nurmohamed ◽  
René J Berckmans ◽  
Willy M Morriën-Salomons ◽  
Fenny Berends ◽  
Daan W Hommes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Recombinant Hirudin ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryBackground. Recombinant hirudin (RH) is a new anticoagulant for prophylaxis and treatment of venous and arterial thrombosis. To which extent the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is suitable for monitoring of RH has not been properly evaluated. Recently, a capillary whole blood device was developed for bed-side monitoring of the APTT and it was demonstrated that this device was suitable to monitor heparin therapy. However, monitoring of RH was not evaluated.Study Objectives. To evaluate in vitro and ex vivo the responsiveness and reproducibility for hirudin monitoring of the whole blood monitor and of plasma APTT assays, which were performed with several reagents and two conventional coagulometers.Results. Large interindividual differences in hirudin responsiveness were noted in both the in vitro and the ex vivo experiments. The relationship between the APTT, expressed as clotting time or ratio of initial and prolonged APTT, and the hirudin concentration was nonlinear. A 1.5-fold increase of the clotting times was obtained at 150-200 ng/ml plasma. However, only a 2-fold increase was obtained at hirudin levels varying from 300 ng to more than 750 ng RH/ml plasma regardless of the assays. The relationship linearized upon logarithmic conversion of the ratio and the hirudin concentration. Disregarding the interindividual differences, and presuming full linearity of the relationship, all combinations were equally responsive to hirudin.Conclusions. All assays were equally responsive to hirudin. Levels up to 300 ng/ml plasma can be reliably estimated with each assay. The manual device may be preferable in situations where rapid availability of test results is necessary.

Sleep stage related heart rate variability distinguishes between insomnia and normal sleep

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Mikoteit ◽  
M De Witte ◽  
E Holsboer-Trachsler ◽  
M Hatzinger ◽  
J Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Normal Sleep

scholarly journals A functional linear modeling approach to sleep–wake cycles in dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hope J. Woods ◽  
Ming Fei Li ◽  
Ujas A. Patel ◽  
B. Duncan X. Lascelles ◽  
David R. Samson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Companion Dogs ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
The Times

AbstractThe study of companion (pet) dogs is an area of great translational potential, as they share a risk for many conditions that afflict humans. Among these are conditions that affect sleep, including chronic pain and cognitive dysfunction. Significant advancements have occurred in the ability to study sleep in dogs, including development of non-invasive polysomnography; however, basic understanding of dog sleep patterns remains poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to establish baseline sleep–wake cycle and activity patterns using actigraphy and functional linear modeling (FLM), for healthy, adult companion dogs. Forty-two dogs were enrolled and wore activity monitors for 14 days. FLM demonstrated a bimodal pattern of activity with significant effects of sex, body mass, and age; the effect of age was particularly evident during the times of peak activity. This study demonstrated that FLM can be used to describe normal sleep–wake cycles of healthy adult dogs and the effects of physiologic traits on these patterns of activity. This foundation makes it possible to characterize deviations from normal patterns, including those associated with chronic pain and cognitive dysfunction syndrome. This can improve detection of these conditions in dogs, benefitting them and their potential as models for human disease.

GENETIC HETEROGENEITY OF RABBIT ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-703
Author(s):  
F Kueppers ◽  
C C Lee ◽  
R R Fox ◽  
J K Mills
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Quantitative Variation ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Inhibiting Activity ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin ◽  
Serum Trypsin

ABSTRACT Sixteen inbred or partially inbred strains of rabbits were investigated for electrophoretic and quantitative variations of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A-1-AT). We found interindividual differences in the electrophoretic A-1-AT patterns as well as quantitative differences in the concentrations of A-1-AT and the serum trypsin-inhibiting activity. Three electrophoretic phenotypes were distinguished: M, P and MP. M was characterized by a predominant anodal A-1-AT band, and P had a major cathodal component. The MP pattern can be explained by the occurrence of the M and P components in the same serum due to heterozygosity. The P pattern was associated with an A-1-AT concentration of approximately 56% of that in sera with the M phenotype. The levels of A-1-AT in sera with the MP phenotype were intermediate between those in M and P types. In addition to the type-specific quantitative variation, we found a quantitative sexual dimorphism of a moderate degree: Female rabbits had A-1-AT concentrations 16% less than males.

scholarly journals Stability and change in vocational interest profiles and interest congruence over the course of vocational education and training

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110140
Author(s):  
Julian M Etzel ◽  
Gabriel Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Occupational Socialization ◽  
Vocational Interest ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Aggregation Techniques ◽  
Interest Congruence ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Training

The current study is concerned with the stability of and changes in vocational interest profiles and interest congruence in vocational education and training (VET). Specifically, we examined (1) the stability of vocational interest profiles, (2) the existence of occupational socialization effects that manifest themselves as increases in person-environment (P-E) congruence, and (3) the question of whether or not changes in P-E congruence are psychologically relevant because they are related to trainees’ attitudes towards their VET course. We used data from a three-wave longitudinal sample comprising N = 2611 trainees from five different VET courses in Germany. Through the use of meta-analytical aggregation techniques, we were able to analyze interindividual differences in intraindividual interest stability and P-E congruence and to relate these differences to trainees’ satisfaction with VET. On average, interest profiles turned out to be highly stable over the entire course of VET. However, we found substantial interindividual and intergroup differences in interest stability. Average P-E congruence increased slightly in two groups, providing only little evidence for the presumed socialization effects. Nevertheless, interindividual differences in P-E congruence and changes in P-E congruence were psychologically relevant because they were linked to trainees’ satisfaction with their VET course and changes therein.

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