A Numerical Study of the Hemodynamics in Common Carotid Artery Affected by Different Shapes of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque

2014 ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Zhenzhou Li ◽  
Lina Pu ◽  
Heye Zhang ◽  
Yuan-ting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Different Shapes

scholarly journals Reduction of TMAO level enhances the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque through promoting macrophage M2 polarization and efferocytosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihao Shi ◽  
Yijun Huang ◽  
Zhou Yang ◽  
Liang Zhu ◽  
Bo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Carotid Artery Plaque ◽  
Fibrous Cap ◽  
M2 Polarization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Stability

It has been demonstrated that trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) serves as a driver of atherosclerosis, suggesting that reduction of TMAO level might be a potent method to prevent the progression of atherosclerosis. Herein, we explored the role of TMAO in the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques, and disclosed the underlying mechanisms. The unstable carotid artery plaque models were established in C57/BL6 mice. L-carnitine (LCA) and methimazole (MMI) administration were applied to increase and reduce TMAO levels. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Sirius red , Perl’s staining, Masson trichrome staining and immunohistochemical staining with CD68 staining were used to for histopathology analysis of the carotid artery plaque. M1 and M2 macrophagocyte markers were assessed by RT-PCR to determine the polarization of RAW264.7 cells. MMI administration for 2 weeks significantly decreased the plaque area, increased the thickness of the fibrous cap and reduced the size of the necrotic lipid cores, whereas 5-week of administration of MMI induced intraplate hemorrhage. LCA treatment further deteriorated the carotid atherosclerotic plaque, but with no significant difference. In mechanism, we found that TMAO treatment impaired the M2 polarization and efferocytosis of RAW264.7 cells, with no obvious effect on the M1 polarization. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that TMAO reduction enhanced the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque through promoting macrophage M2 polarization and efferocytosis.

scholarly journals A numerical study of the effect of varied blood pressure on the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huahua Xiong ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xiaohong Tian ◽  
Lina Pu ◽  
Heye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
The Stability

scholarly journals VEGF-Targeted Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography and Fluorescence Molecular Imaging in Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Pieter J. Steinkamp ◽  
Jasper Vonk ◽  
Lydian A. Huisman ◽  
Gert-Jan Meersma ◽  
Gilles F. H. Diercks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Carotid Plaques ◽  
Symptomatic Carotid ◽  
Optoacoustic Tomography ◽  
Fluorescence Molecular Imaging

Vulnerable atherosclerotic carotid plaques are prone to rupture, resulting in ischemic strokes. In contrast to radiological imaging techniques, molecular imaging techniques have the potential to assess plaque vulnerability by visualizing diseases-specific biomarkers. A risk factor for rupture is intra-plaque neovascularization, which is characterized by overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). Here, we study if administration of bevacizumab-800CW, a near-infrared tracer targeting VEGF-A, is safe and if molecular assessment of atherosclerotic carotid plaques in vivo is possible using multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT). Healthy volunteers and patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis scheduled for carotid artery endarterectomy were imaged with MSOT. Secondly, patients were imaged two days after intravenous administration of 4.5 bevacizumab-800CW. Ex vivo fluorescence molecular imaging of the surgically removed plaque specimen was performed and correlated with histopathology. In this first-in-human MSOT and fluorescence molecular imaging study, we show that administration of 4.5 mg bevacizumab-800CW appeared to be safe in five patients and accumulated in the carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Although we could visualize the carotid bifurcation area in all subjects using MSOT, bevacizumab-800CW-resolved signal could not be detected with MSOT in the patients. Future studies should evaluate tracer safety, higher doses of bevacizumab-800CW or develop dedicated contrast agents for carotid atherosclerotic plaque assessment using MSOT.

Unstable atherosclerotic plaque in the common carotid artery: Diagnosis and treatment strategy

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 88-90
Author(s):  
Mafalda Massara ◽  
Stefano Notarstefano ◽  
Pasquale Gerardi ◽  
Roberto Prunella ◽  
Giovanni Impedovo
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
The Common ◽  
Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaque

Prediction of the Steady State of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque in Essential Hypertension Under Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2198-2203
Author(s):  
Aizhu Sheng ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
Jianjiong Fu ◽  
Xian Zhang ◽  
Qi Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Unstable Plaque ◽  
Fibrous Cap ◽  
Stable Plaque ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Required

In order to improve the detection rate of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with essential hypertension and provide a reliable basis for the follow-up treatment of patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to predict the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with essential hypertension. A total of 77 patients with essential hypertension in XXX hospital from June 2015 to December 2015 were included in the study (including 49 males and 28 females). The patients were divided into stable plaque group and unstable plaque group according to their pathological plaque status. First, MRI was performed and imaging data were recorded, including intraplaque bleeding, fibrous cap status, carotid artery remodeling index, thickest layer of plaque, and the degree of luminal stenosis in both groups. Second, patients in both groups were followed up for three years, during which time MRI was reperformed every six months, and the time required for changes in the carotid artery indicators in the two groups was compared with the Log Rank test. Third, multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between plaque stability and gender, family history of cardiovascular disease, body mass index, and basic characteristics of hypertension course. The results showed that the number of IPH and fibrous cap rupture in the unstable plaque group was significantly higher than that in the stable plaque group (P < 0.05). The Log Rank test showed that the time required for the change of carotid artery plaque morphology in the stable plaque group was significantly lower than that in the unstable plaque group (P < 0.05). Besides, plaque stability was significantly positively correlated with gender and hypertension course (P < 0.05), but was not significantly correlated with family history of cardiovascular disease and body mass index (P > 0.05). Therefore, the plaque data of patients can be obtained based on MRI, so as to evaluate the stable status of patients’ plaque and predict the long-term status of patients, which provides an experimental scheme for the future clinical prediction of the plaque status of essential hypertension carotid atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Pulmonary hypertension in patients with hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic lesion of a common carotid artery: new pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
M. A. Markov ◽  
M. P. Davydova ◽  
D. U. Usachev ◽  
Vasilii A. Lukshin ◽  
T. V. Balakhonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Carotid Artery Bifurcation ◽  
Carotid Bodies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Background. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe pathology that often leads a patient to death or disability. Recently, the development of PH associated with activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has been of interest. Some results obtained in an acute experiment on rats showed that activation of the carotid bodies of one external carotid artery is a sufficient stimulus to increase the tone of pulmonary arteries. Obviously, this effect is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. However, the long-term effects of unilateral hypoxia of the carotid bodies on the morphofunctional state of the pulmonary arteries are not described in the literature. Aim. Effect assessment of common carotid artery bifurcation region ischemia due to the atherosclerotic process on the pulmonary arteries in patients. Materials and methods. The retrospective study was conducted in the Burdenko Neurosurgical Center and in the National Medical Research Center for Cardiology. A total of 60 case histories were analyzed in detail. All patients underwent Duplex scanning of the brachiocephalic arteries, as well as transthoracic echocardiography. The study included patients with atherosclerotic plaque in the area of the common carotid artery bifurcation on either one side or both. Exclusion criteria consisted of diseases that lead to the development of PH. The relationship between the presence of hemodynamically significant atheroma and the development of PH was evaluated. Results. Patients were divided into two groups those with hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic plaque in the common carotid artery bifurcation region at least on one side (more than 75% of the vascular obstruction) and hemodynamically insignificant atheromas in the common carotid artery bifurcation region on one or both sides (less than 45%). Among patients from the first group, 52.8% of the patients had signs of PH. Among patients from the second group, only 16.7% of the patients had signs of PH. The difference in the frequency of PH occurrence between the two selected groups is statistically significant (p=0.005). There were no differences in red blood cells number, platelets number, glucose concentration and lipid composition of blood plasma. Conclusion. Activation of SNS due to hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic plaque in the area of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery may be an independent mechanism for the development of PH. Key words: pulmonary hypertension, carotid bodies, atherosclerotic plaque, sympathectomy of pulmonary arteries.

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