Prolonged Exposure of Grapevine Buds to Low Temperatures Increases Dormancy, Cold Hardiness, and the Expression of Vvα-AMYs Genes

2015 ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Pérez ◽  
Sebastián Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Grapevine Buds

Flower cold hardiness: a potential determinant of the flowering sequence exhibited by bog ericads

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 997-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Reader
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtilloides ◽  
Potential Determinant ◽  
Ledum Groenlandicum

In laboratory freezing trials, cold hardiness of six types of bog ericad flowers differed significantly (i.e., Chamaedaphne calyculata > Andromeda glaucophylla > Kalmia polifolia > Vaccinium myrtilloides > Ledum groenlandicum > Vaccinium macrocarpon) at air temperatures between −4 and −10 °C but not at temperatures above −2 °C. At the Luther Marsh bog in southern Ontario, low temperatures (−3 to −7 °C) would select against May flowering by the least cold hardy ericads. Availability of pollinators, on the other hand, would encourage May flowering by the most cold hardy species. Presumably, competition for insect pollinators has promoted the diversification of bog ericad flowering peaks, while air temperature, in conjunction with flower cold hardiness, determined the order in which flowering peaks were reached.

Circulating Interleukin-1-Beta Levels after Acute and Prolonged Exposure to Low Temperatures: Human and Rat Studies

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Tringali ◽  
Stefano Farrace ◽  
Enzo Ragazzoni ◽  
Cinzia Dello Russo ◽  
Roberta Piscitelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta

Cold-Hardiness, Habitat and Winter Survival of Some Orchard Arthropods in Nova Scotia

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. MacPhee
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Kings County ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Cold Hardy

AbstractIn Kings County, Nova Scotia, low temperatures in the coldest nights of winter can differ by as much as 10°F. from one area to another. This has an important bearing on winter survival of some arthropods. Overwintering sites of orchard arthropods range from exposed situations which remain at air temperature to well protected ones on the ground where temperatures rarely go below 20°F. The cold-hardiness of each of 24 species of arthropods was measured: seven were sufficiently cold-hardy to survive any winter conditions in Nova Scotia, five were less cold-hardy but overwinter in well protected sites and twelve had marginal cold-hardiness, their mortality varying with the winter and the locality.

Use of a cold-active entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema kraussei to control overwintering larvae of the black vine weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in outdoor strawberry plants

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 925-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Edmondson ◽  
Paul Richardson ◽  
Deena Willmott ◽  
Andrew Hart ◽  
Steve Long
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Cold Active ◽  
Clear Dose Response ◽  
Black Vine Weevil ◽  
Baermann Funnel

AbstractThe susceptibility of overwintering black vine weevil larvae Otiorhynchus sulcatus to a cold-active entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema kraussei (isolate L137) and a commercial proprietary biopesticide, Steinernema carpocapsae (Exhibit) was assessed on outdoor potted strawberry plants. Nematodes were applied at a range of doses in early winter at a field site located in Warwickshire, England. Three months later, infestation and mortality of vine weevils were assessed. There was a clear dose response observed for S. kraussei applications. Up to 81% of vine weevil control was recorded by this nematode at the highest dose of 60 000 nematodes per pot, whereas treatments with S. carpocapsae caused no significant mortality at the dose rates used. Dissection of vine weevil larvae showed infective juveniles had developed to adults within the host. Recovery of nematodes at the end of the experiment indicated that S. kraussei (L137) was able to survive winter field conditions including prolonged exposure to low temperatures (averaging 2.7°C during the experiment) in contrast to S. carpocapsae which showed poor survival. Of the two extraction methods used, the Baermann funnel technique was found to be more efficient than Galleria mellonella baiting, with up to 44% of the original highest dose of S. kraussei nematodes being recovered by Baermann funnel compared to 8% with G. mellonella at 18°C. These results suggest S. kraussei (L137) has potential as a commercial biocontrol agent against O. sulcatus at low temperatures.

REDUCED COLD-HARDINESS OF PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) CAUSED BY EXPOSURE TO EXTERNAL WATER AND SURFACTANTS

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Horton ◽  
Tamera M. Lewis ◽  
Lisa G. Neven
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
Pear Psylla ◽  
External Water

AbstractOverwintering pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), were misted with water or with one of several dilute solutions of water and surfactant, and then exposed to a range of subzero temperatures for 24 h. Misted psylla had significantly greater mortality than unmisted controls. Increases in mortality occurred at temperatures as warm as −6°C, a temperature well within the range of conditions in the field. At extreme low temperatures (−18°C) there was virtually no mortality in the unmisted controls, whereas mortality approached or reached 100% in several of the misted groups. Temperatures necessary to kill 50% of insects estimated for topically treated psylla ranged between −2.6 and −12.7°C for surfactant-treated insects, and below −18°C for water-treated or control insects. The possibility of using surfactants and water for control of overwintering pear psylla is discussed.

Parasites and low temperatures

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (S1) ◽  
pp. S7-S17 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

SUMMARYLow temperatures affect the rate of growth, development and metabolism of parasites and when temperatures fall below 0°C may expose the parasite to the potentially lethal risk of freezing. Some parasites have mechanisms, such as diapause, which synchronise their life cycle with favourable seasons and the availability of hosts. Parasites of endothermic hosts are protected from low temperatures by the thermoregulatory abilities of their host. Free-living and off-host stages, however, may be exposed to subzero temperatures and both freezing-tolerant and freeze-avoiding strategies of cold hardiness are found. Parasites of ectothermic hosts may be exposed to subzero temperatures within their hosts. They can rely on the cold tolerance adaptations of their host or they may develop their own mechanisms. Exposure to low temperatures may occur within the carcass of the host and this may be of epidemiological significance if the parasite can be transmitted via the consumption of the carcass.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER, TYPHLOCYBA POMARIA (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE), AND ON THE MIRID PREDATOR BLEPHARIDOPTERUS ANGULATUS, AND MEASUREMENTS OF THEIR COLD-HARDINESS

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. MacPhee
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Predatory Mirid

AbstractTyphlocyba pomaria McA., with two generations per year, damages the leaves and defaces the fruit of apple. It was reduced in numbers in an experimental orchard by the predatory mirid Blepharidopterus angulatus (Fall.) which attacked the second generation. The cold-hardiness of T. pomaria and B. angulatus overwintering eggs, which had mean freezing points of −35 °C and −34 °C respectively, was sufficient to protect these species from winter low temperatures in Nova Scotia.

scholarly journals Dehydrins and Soluble Sugars Involved in Cold Acclimation of Rosa wichurana and Rose Cultivar ‘Yesterday’

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Lin Ouyang ◽  
Leen Leus ◽  
Ellen De Keyser ◽  
Marie-Christine Van Labeke
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Cold Hardy

Rose is the most economically important ornamental plant. However, cold stress seriously affects the survival and regrowth of garden roses in northern regions. Cold acclimation was studied using two genotypes (Rosa wichurana and R. hybrida ‘Yesterday’) selected from a rose breeding program. During the winter season (November to April), the cold hardiness of stems, soluble sugar content, and expression of dehydrins and the related key genes in the soluble sugar metabolism were analyzed. ‘Yesterday’ is more cold-hardy and acclimated faster, reaching its maximum cold hardiness in December. R. wichurana is relatively less cold-hardy, only reaching its maximum cold hardiness in January after prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures. Dehydrin transcripts accumulated significantly during November–January in both genotypes. Soluble sugars are highly involved in cold acclimation, with sucrose and oligosaccharides significantly correlated with cold hardiness. Sucrose occupied the highest proportion of total soluble sugars in both genotypes. During November–January, downregulation of RhSUS was found in both genotypes, while upregulation of RhSPS was observed in ‘Yesterday’ and upregulation of RhINV2 was found in R. wichurana. Oligosaccharides accumulated from November to February and decreased to a significantly low level in April. RhRS6 had a significant upregulation in December in R. wichurana. This study provides insight into the cold acclimation mechanism of roses by combining transcription patterns with metabolite quantification.

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