scholarly journals Dehydrins and Soluble Sugars Involved in Cold Acclimation of Rosa wichurana and Rose Cultivar ‘Yesterday’

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Lin Ouyang ◽  
Leen Leus ◽  
Ellen De Keyser ◽  
Marie-Christine Van Labeke
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Cold Hardy

Rose is the most economically important ornamental plant. However, cold stress seriously affects the survival and regrowth of garden roses in northern regions. Cold acclimation was studied using two genotypes (Rosa wichurana and R. hybrida ‘Yesterday’) selected from a rose breeding program. During the winter season (November to April), the cold hardiness of stems, soluble sugar content, and expression of dehydrins and the related key genes in the soluble sugar metabolism were analyzed. ‘Yesterday’ is more cold-hardy and acclimated faster, reaching its maximum cold hardiness in December. R. wichurana is relatively less cold-hardy, only reaching its maximum cold hardiness in January after prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures. Dehydrin transcripts accumulated significantly during November–January in both genotypes. Soluble sugars are highly involved in cold acclimation, with sucrose and oligosaccharides significantly correlated with cold hardiness. Sucrose occupied the highest proportion of total soluble sugars in both genotypes. During November–January, downregulation of RhSUS was found in both genotypes, while upregulation of RhSPS was observed in ‘Yesterday’ and upregulation of RhINV2 was found in R. wichurana. Oligosaccharides accumulated from November to February and decreased to a significantly low level in April. RhRS6 had a significant upregulation in December in R. wichurana. This study provides insight into the cold acclimation mechanism of roses by combining transcription patterns with metabolite quantification.

scholarly journals The Interaction of Photoperiod and Temperature on Cold Hardiness and the Accumulation of Soluble Sugars in Two Cultivars of Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 848F-848
Author(s):  
C.L. Haynes ◽  
O.M. Lindstrom ◽  
M.A. Dirr
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Temperature Interaction

Decreasing photoperiods and decreasing temperatures induce cold acclimation and the accumulation of soluble sugars in many plants. Two cultivars of southern magnolia differing in cold hardiness and acclimation patterns, were monitored to determine photoperiod × temperature interaction on cold hardiness and soluble sugar content. Cold hardiness increased with low temperatures and short photoperiods. Total soluble sugars, sucrose, and raffinose consistently increased in the leaves and stems of both cultivars in response primarily to low temperature. `Little Gem' was less responsive to photoperiod than `Claudia Wannamaker'

scholarly journals Soluble Sugars and Sucrose-Metabolizing Enzymes Related to Cold Acclimation of Sweet Cherry Cultivars Grafted on Different Rootstocks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ece Turhan ◽  
Sergul Ergin
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Gisela 5

The bark tissues were collected from 4-year-old sweet cherry trees cvs. 0900 Ziraat and Lambert grafted on Gisela 5 and Mazzard rootstocks in cold-acclimated (CA) and nonacclimated (NA) stages. Bark tissues subjected to 4°C and −5°C injured to a limited extent in both stages. However, more than 50% injury occurred by temperatures equal to or colder than −15°C only in NA period. Total soluble sugar (TSS), reducing sugars, and sucrose contents were higher in CA than those in NA stages in all samples. The activities of acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) and sucrose synthase (SS) (EC 2.4.2.13) enzymes were higher in NA stage than those in CA stage. Considering the rootstocks, reducing sugars were higher in both cultivars grafted on Gisela 5 whereas sucrose contents were higher in both cultivars grafted on Mazzard. However, the enzyme activities of both cultivars were higher on Mazzard rootstock than on Gisela 5. In conclusion, cold hardiness of sweet cherry graft combinations was suggested by increasing their TSS, reducing sugars, and sucrose contents significantly in the CA stage. Moreover, acid invertase and SS are down regulated during cold acclimation. Indeed the results suggested that Mazzard is more cold-hardy rootstock than Gisela 5.

Cold hardiness of olive (Olea europaeaL.) cultivars in cold-acclimated and non-acclimated stages: seasonal alteration of soluble sugars and phospholipids

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GULEN ◽  
A. CANSEV ◽  
A. ERIS
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme Activities ◽  
Leaf Tissues

SUMMARYIn many plant species, several physiological and biochemical changes occur during low-temperature-induced cold acclimation. A previous study with olive cultivars (Cansevet al.2009) demonstrated a correlation between the level of accumulation of certain leaf proteins besides antioxidative enzyme activities and cold hardiness of the cultivars. The present paper analysed soluble sugar (SS) and phospholipid (PL) contents of cold-acclimated (CA) and non-acclimated (NA) leaf tissues in order to explain the mechanism of cultivar-dependent response to cold in olive. In general, cold acclimation significantly increased total soluble sugar (TSS), reducing sugars and sucrose contents of all cultivars to various extents depending on the cold hardiness of cultivars. In addition, TSS, reducing sugars and sucrose contents in cold-tolerant cultivars were significantly increased, whereas TSS, reducing sugars and sucrose contents in cold-sensitive cultivars either did not change or increased slightly in CA stage compared with those in NA stage. Even though reducing sugars were the major soluble sugar in olive leaves, levels of sucrose accumulations in CA stage compared with those in NA stage were greater than those observed in reducing sugars accumulation. Changes in levels of total PL, as well as the three individual PL fractions phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), were investigated in olive leaf tissues. Significant increases in levels of PC and PE fractions during CA compared with those in NA stage suggested that PC and PE maintained the cold hardiness of olive cultivars more effectively than did PI. Although the precise mechanisms by which olive responds to cold may still be open to discussion, soluble sugars and PL are clearly important in the ability of olive cultivars to stand against cold stress.

Sucrose Metabolism of Perennial Ryegrass in Relation to Cold Acclimation

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj K. Bhowmik ◽  
Ken-ichi Tamura ◽  
Yasuhara Sanada ◽  
Kazuhiro Tase ◽  
Toshihiko Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Sucrose Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Sucrose Biosynthesis

Abstract Sugar metabolism is one of the important factors involved in winter hardiness and since the discovery of sucrose biosynthesis, considerable advances have been made in understanding its regulation and crucial role. This investigation examined the changes in activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes and sugar content during cold hardening of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Changes in acid invertase (AI), sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) along with all the three soluble sugars glucose, fructose and sucrose were measured in leaves and stem base tissue during cold acclimation. Although fructans were the predominant carbohydrate the changes in glucose, fructose and sucrose were significant. All the three soluble sugars in both leaf and stem tissues started to decrease from the first day and continued up to day 7 and thereafter started to increase until day 28. AI in the soluble fraction showed a higher activity than that in the cell wall bound fraction. In both the leaf and stem bases soluble AI activity increased during the first week and after that it started to decrease gradually. On the other hand both the SS and SPS increased gradually throughout the acclimation period. Sucrose content was negatively correlated with AI and positively correlated with SS and SPS accounting well for the relation between the substrate and enzyme activity. These results suggest that AI, SS and SPS in ryegrass are regulated by cold acclimation and play an important role in sugar accumulation and acquisition of freezing tolerance

Seasonal Development of Established Johnsongrass

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menashe Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Seasonal Development

Growth of tops and rhizomes of established johnsongrass(Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.) stopped almost completely in the cool winter season. Rhizome growth started in spring later than topgrowth. Rhizomes constituted more than 90% of the total subterranean weight. In a sward of pure johnsongrass, 60%, 30%, and 10% of the total subterranean weight were found in the 0 to 15-cm, 15 to 30-cm, and 30 to 45-cm soil layer, respectively. Water-soluble sugar content in rhizomes was high in early winter and in early summer and low in early spring and in fall. Less water-soluble sugars were found in shallow than in deeper rhizomes. In winter the sugars accumulated mainly in the deepest rhizomes. No clear relation was detected between the sprouting percentage of rhizome buds and growth, sugar content, or seasonal climatic factors. No case of complete sprouting inhibition was recorded during the year.

scholarly journals Cold Hardiness of Weigela (Weigela florida Bunge) Cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Steve McNamara ◽  
Stan C. Hokanson
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Annual Minimum Temperature ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Weigela Florida ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
Limited Testing ◽  
New Cultivars

Abstract Factual information regarding the low-temperature tolerances of weigela (Weigela florida Bunge) cultivars is essential for identifying cultivars to grow and sell in northern regions of the country [USDA Hardiness Zone 4a;−32 to−34C (−25 to−30F) average annual minimum temperature]. In this study, laboratory freezing tests and a replicated field trial were utilized to compare the relative stem hardiness of 11 recent weigela introductions with that of four standard cultivars representing a known range of hardiness. Freezing tests were conducted monthly from October 2005 to April 2006 on containerized plants over-wintered in a minimally-heated greenhouse under a non-lethal temperature regime conducive to cold acclimation. The cultivars differed substantially in both timing and rates of cold acclimation and de-acclimation in the fall and spring, respectively, as well as maximum midwinter hardiness levels. All of the cultivars, including the cold-hardy standards ‘Minuet’ and ‘Java Red’, were relatively slow to acclimate in early October, but subsequent acclimation rates among cultivars ranged from 0.3 to 0.7C (0.6 to 1.25F) per day between mid-October and mid-November. Maximum midwinter hardiness levels of the new cultivars were within the range defined by the most and least cold tolerant standard cultivars (‘Java Red’ and ‘Variegata’, respectively). With the exception of ‘Java Red’, all cultivars had de-acclimated substantially by March 16, but actual hardiness levels among the new cultivars on this date differed by as much as 10C (18F). Overall, ‘Pink Poppet’, ‘Dark Horse’ and ‘Ruby Queen’ were the hardiest of the new cultivars evaluated with a maximum midwinter hardiness level of−35C (−31F). ‘Alexandra’, ‘Evita’, and ‘Sunny Princess’ exhibited hardiness comparable to that of the moderately hardy standard ‘Red Prince’ and would likely experience moderate to severe injury during colder winters in Zone 4a. ‘Brigela’, ‘Carnaval’, ‘Elvera’, ‘Goldrush’ and ‘Rubidor’ appear to be unsuitable for use in Zone 4a due to late acclimation, insufficient midwinter hardiness, early de-acclimation or a combination of these characteristics. Results of limited testing conducted in 2007–2008 indicate ‘Verweig’, a more recent introduction, is sufficiently cold tolerant for Zone 4a.

scholarly journals Cold hardiness in grapevines of various ecological and geographical origin

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
N. I. Nenko ◽  
G. K. Kiseleva ◽  
I. A. Ilyina ◽  
V. S. Petrov ◽  
N. M. Zaporozhets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Over past years,  grapevine  adaptability has become of primary concern due to sharp cold-stressing weather of the unstable climates of Southern Russia accompanied by increasing mean annual temperatures, including higher degrees during plant winter dormancy. This situation causes considerable injury to the generative and vegetative organs in bush vine. Physiological and biochemical studies of the vine plant are of great importance for breeding cold-hardy grape genotypes. The article presents research related to studying cold hardiness in different grape varieties by content dynamics of starch, soluble sugars, abscisic acid and potassium ions in plant bark and buds. We studied grape varieties (interspecies  hybrids) of the European-American (Dostoinyi, Krasnostop, Vostorg), West-European (Aligote), East-European (Zarif) and European-Amur-American origins (Kristall). The work aimed to analyse the physiological and biochemical properties of various ecological and geographical-origin grapes  in winter time in order to identify the cold-hardiest genotypes. The Krasnostop and Vostorg varieties were ascertained as cold-hardy. Physiological and biochemical assays revealed an important contribution of water-soluble sugar-producing starch hydrolysis to low-temperature adaptation in Krasnostop and Vostorg, with the sugar content increasing 2.7-2.9 times. Krasnostop and Zarif were found to elevate the sucrose osmoprotectant winter level 4.7 and 6.6 times, respectively. All grape varieties decreased the abscisic acid content due to protective functions. Aligote was identified susceptible basing on a 2.3-fold potassium ion increase in frozen bark cell extract. The research conducted establishes the diagnostic value of the abovementioned physiological and biochemical parameters for cold hardiness evaluation in grape varieties.

scholarly journals Alterations in the lipid and soluble sugar content of melanoxylon brauna seeds during natural and accelerated ageing

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Borges Corte ◽  
Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e Borges ◽  
José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves ◽  
Mirian Sousa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Natural Ageing ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Tree Seeds

The decay of seeds is irreversible and at best can only be delayed by applying techniques that reduce the velocity of the metabolic reactions involved. There is little information on the biochemistry of tropical forest tree seeds related to their storability. It was investigated the influence of the composition of lipids and soluble sugars of two storage compartments, the cotyledons and the embryonic axis, of Melanoxylon brauna Schot. (Leguminosae- Caesalpinioideae), a hardwood known as black brauna, seeds stored at 20 ºC for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months (natural ageing) and for 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours at 40 ºC (accelerated ageing). The levels of fatty acids and monosaccharides varied differentially in each of the embryo storage compartments. Changes in oligosaccharide levels were similar for both types of ageing, diminishing in both compartments. Ageing can be attributed to the significant decrease of oligosaccharides and the increase of glucose in both types of ageing and both embryo compartments.

scholarly journals Biochemical and phytochemical evaluation of Stevia rebaudiana

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Moniruzzaman Sohag Howlader ◽  
Sheikh Rashel Ahmed ◽  
Khadizatul Kubra ◽  
Md Khairul Hassan Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar

The present study was aimed to evaluate biochemical and phytotochemical of dry leaves of Stevia rebaudiana. Biochemical analysis indicated that Stevia leaves are a good source of carbohydrate and reducing sugar. Different extraction methods were used to prepare four different dry extracts (Extract A, B, C, D). Total soluble sugars and reducing sugars were analyzed for these four dry extracts and commercial Stevia powder. The highest amount of total soluble sugar (477 mg sugar g-1 dry extract) was obtained from extract C and higher amount of reducing sugar (82 mg g-1 dry extract) was obtained from extract D among the extracts. But commercial Stevia powder showed higher total soluble sugar content (754 mg g-1 dry powder) and highest amount of reducing sugar (98 mg g-1 dry extract) than all the extracted dry samples. The extraction process of dry extract C was feasible for the extraction of total soluble sugar. For the phytochemical screening, crude extract was tested for the presence of different chemical groups and presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and saponins that were identified. The highest amount of total phenolic compounds (92 mg) was recorded from methanolic extract of extraction B. The lowest amount of total phenolic compounds (36 mg) was recorded in ethanolic extract of extraction A. So, Methanol proved as best solvent to extract increased quantity of total phenolic compounds than other solvents.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 121-130

Desiccation tolerance in relation to soluble sugar contents in seeds of ten coffee (CoffeaL.) species

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Chabrillange ◽  
Stéphane Dussert ◽  
Florent Engelmann ◽  
Sylvie Doulbeau ◽  
Serge Hamon
Keyword(s):  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Desiccation ◽  
Desiccation Sensitivity ◽  
Coffee Species

AbstractLarge differences in seed desiccation sensitivity have been observed previously among ten coffee species (Coffea arabica, C. brevipes, C. canephora, C. eugenioides, C. humilis, C. liberica, C. pocsii, C. pseudo-zanguebariae, C. sessiliflora and C.stenophylla). Of these species,C. libericaandC. humiliswere the most sensitive to desiccation andC. pseudozanguebariaethe most tolerant. A study was carried out using the same seed lots to investigate if these differences in desiccation tolerance could be correlated with differences in soluble sugar content. Soluble sugars were extracted from dry seeds and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography. The seed monosaccharide (glucose and fructose) content was very low (1.5 to 2 mg g-1dry weight [dw]) in all species studied. The sucrose content ranged from 33 mg g-1dw inC. libericaseeds to 89 mg g-1dw in seeds ofC. pocsii. Raffinose was detected in the seeds of only five species (C.arabica, C.brevipes, C.humilis, C.sessiliflora, C.stenophylla), among which only three species (C.arabica, C.sessilifloraandC.brevipes) also contained stachyose. Both raffinose and stachyose were present in very low quantities (0.3–1.4 mg g-1dw and 0.1–0.7 mg g-1dw, respectively). Verbascose was never detected. No significant relationship was found between seed desiccation sensitivity and: (i) the sugar content; (ii) the presence/absence of oligosaccharides; and (iii) the oligosaccharide:sucrose ratio.

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