The Vascular System: Aorta and the Branches, Vena Cava and the Branches

2016 ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
Hermann Vogel ◽  
Axel Heinemann
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Vena Cava

Increased cardiac output following occlusion of the descending thoracic aorta in dogs

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (1) ◽  
pp. R152-R158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Stene ◽  
B. Burns ◽  
S. Permutt ◽  
P. Caldini ◽  
M. Shanoff
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Mean Systemic Pressure ◽  
Extracorporeal Bypass

Occlusion of the thoracic aorta (AO) in dogs with a constant volume right ventricular extracorporeal bypass increased cardiac output (Q) by 43% and mean arterial pressure by 46%, while mean systemic pressure (MSP) was unchanged. We compared AO with occlusion of the brachiocephalic and left subclavian arteries (BSO) which decreased cardiac output by 5%, increased mean arterial pressure by 32%, and increased MSP by 11%. We feel these results confirm that AO elevates preload by transferring blood volume from the splanchnic veins to the vascular system drained by the superior vena cava. If the heart is competent to keep right arterial pressure at or near zero, this increase in preload will elevate Q above control levels. Comparing our data with results of other authors who have not controlled right atrial pressure, emphasizes the importance of a competent right ventricle in allowing venous return to determine Q.

scholarly journals Aplasia of the superior vena cava and persistent superior left vena cava in a 3-year-old child: Case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Lazarev ◽  
Tatiana V. Linkova ◽  
Pavel M. Negoda ◽  
Anastasiya Yu. Shutkova ◽  
Sergey V. Gorelikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND: Structural features of the patients vascular system can cause unintended complications when providing vascular access and can disorient the specialist in assessing the location of the installed catheter. This study aimed to demonstrate anatomical features of the vascular system of the superior vena cava and diagnostic steps when providing vascular access in a child. CASE REPORT: Patient K (3 years old) was on planned maintenance of long-term venous access. Preliminary ultrasound examination of the superior vena cava did not reveal any abnormalities. Function of the right internal jugular vein under ultrasound control was performed without technical difficulties; a J-formed guidewire was inserted into the vessel lumen. X-ray control revealed its projection in the left heart, which was regarded as a technical complication, so the conductor was removed. A further attempt to insert a catheter through the right subclavian vein led to the same result. For a more accurate diagnosis, the child underwent computed angiography of the superior vena cava system. Congenital anomalies of the vascular system included aplasia of the superior vena cava and persistent left superior vena cava. Considering the information obtained, the Broviac catheter was implanted under ultrasound control through the left internal jugular vein without technical difficulties with the installation of the distal end of the catheter into the left brachiocephalic vein under X-ray control. CONCLUSION: A thorough multifaceted study of the vascular anatomy helps solve the anatomical issues by ensuring vascular access and preventing the risks of complications.

Coagulant And Procoagulant Factors In Ascitic Fluid.-About Etiology Of Dic Induced By Ascitic Fluid Infusion

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ojiro ◽  
M Takenoshita ◽  
M Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Hepatic Cirrhosis ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Fluid Infusion ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Tissue Thromboplastin

We have experienced two cases of DIC following infusion of ascitic fluid from the peritoneal cavity to the vascular system. We have studied the etiology of this DIC. So, FDP, endotoxin, coagulant factors and procoagulant activity were investigated in ascitic fluid of 11 hepatic cirrhosis cases and 15 cancer cases.Method and Result; FDP in ascites were more included than in plasma. Endotoxin were positive in about 60% of ascitic fluid. The coagulant factors were recognized a littile except VUI-factor. Only ascitic fluid ded not clott the fibrinogen and did not affect the platlate aggregation. The procoagulant activities were measured by clotting times which the normal plasma (0.lcc) was added with the ascitic fluid or buffer (0.1cc), after 3 minutes incubation, and then added with 1/40 M Cacl2 (0.1cc).The clotting time was shortened in the ascitic fluid than buffer (buffer 120.7 ± 7.9 sec, Cancer 82 ± 23.8 sec., cirrhosis 91.4 ± 16.5 sec), and both VII and VIII deficient plasma was shortened too, but X dificient plasma was not coagulated. Also FDP and endotoxin did not shorten the clotting time of normal plasma. Experimentally, the ascitic fluid in dog by binding vena cava in ferior and the ascitic fluid in rat by transplantation of tumor cells shortened the clotting time. Conclusion; Coagulant, fibrinolytic and procoagulant factors were existed in ascitic fluid. We think that DIC induced by ascitic fluid are due to this procoagulant factor and this procoagulant factor may be not tissue - thromboplastin only.

Neurological Symptoms as a Showcase of the Inborn Anomaly in a Development of the Arterial and Venous Vessels (Case Report)

2017 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
A. I. Tyunibabyan ◽  
A. A. Mukhin
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Vena Cava Superior ◽  
Left Vena ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Combined Defects

Inborn specific anomalies in the development of the cardio-vascular system require strong attention from physicians of many specialties, especially during diagnosing process. The results of all available diagnostic methods of patient examination determine the further treatment tactic. This tactic implying an individual approach to a specific pathology. There are some cases of combined defects of both, the arterial as well as the venous systems, which appealing special interest. This article describes case report of such anomalies in the structure of the vascular system. This case shown in the form of congenital inflection of the aortic arch with true coarctation and the persistent left vena cava superior.

scholarly journals Primo Vascular System in the Lymph Vessel from the Inguinal to the Axillary Nodes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hwan Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Hee Bae ◽  
Geum Ock Kim ◽  
Min Ho Nam ◽  
Young Bok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Lymph Vessel ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Axillary Nodes ◽  
Lymph System ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Removal Of Fat ◽  
Rats And Mice

The primo vascular system (PVS) in a lymph system was observed mostly in large caliber ducts around the caudal vena cava of rabbits, rats, and mice. This required a severe surgery with laparectomy and massive removal of fat tissues in the abdomen to expose the lymph vessel. In the current brief report, we presented a new method to evade these shortcomings by observing the PVS in a less large caliber duct in the skin, that is, the lymph vessel from the inguinal to the axillary nodes. The Alcian blue injection into the inguinal node revealed the desired primo vessel in the target lymph vessel. This opened a new perspective for the investigation of the lymphatic PVS without severe damage to subject animals and for monitoring of the PVS in a long period of time.

Limitations of thermodilution cardiac output measurements in the rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (6) ◽  
pp. H754-H760 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Hayes ◽  
J. A. Will ◽  
W. C. Zarnstorff ◽  
G. E. Bisgard
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Thermodilution Cardiac Output ◽  
The Right

Heat loss from the vascular system could introduce an error in thermodilution cardiac output determinations. Cardiac output measured in the rat via the thermodilution technique following right atrial injection yielded different values (P less than 0.001), depending whether sampling was from the pulmonary artery (460 +/- 31 ml X min-1 X kg-1), right ventricle (311 +/- 19), or thoracic aorta (245 +/- 15). Recirculation errors could not account for the differences. Heat loss from the vascular system was measured from extravascular thermistors within both the thorax and the abdomen. These dilutions were 22-57% in peak height of aortic curves recorded at approximately the same location. Differences in calculated cardiac output between sampling sites could be attributed to rapid heat conduction directly from the right atrium and inferior vena cava to the thoracic aorta with progressive loss of indicator from both the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.

scholarly journals A closed-circuit heart-lung preparation.—Effect of alterations in the peripheral resistance and the capacity of the circulation

1926 ◽  
Vol 99 (697) ◽  
pp. 306-325 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Diastolic Filling ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Lung Preparation

Investigations of “resistance” and “capacity” effects in relation to the control which they exert upon the vascular system have been carried out by many physiologists, notably by Weber (1), Volkmann (2), Donders (3), de Jager (4), Bayliss and Starling (5), and L. Hill (6, 7). According to Weber, the rise in arterial blood pressure due to arteriole vaso-constriction is caused by an increase in peripheral resistance and by a diminution in the capacity of the circulation. Bayliss and Starling (5) brought forward evidence in favour of this view and pointed out that the venous pressure was in part determined by a balance between these two factors. In opposition to Weber’s view, L. Hill and Barnard (6) hold that capacity changes have no effect on the venous pressure since the vascular system is not filled to distension. In a later paper L. Hill (7) states that reduction in the capacity of the splanchnic area is of importance in so far as it increases the diastolic filling, and so the output of the heart, but that the mean hydrostatic pressure cannot be considered to contribute to this result. The part played by constriction of the veins in altering the venous and arterial pressure is discussed in a paper by Connet (8) in which a full bibliography is given. In a paper published in the ‘ Journal of Physiology ’ (9) I described a modification of Starling’s heart-lung preparation, in which the blood circuit was converted to a closed system, so as to imitate more closely the conditions ruling in the animal body, while maintaining the various factors fully under control of the experimenter. The arrangement is shown in fig. 1. The blood from the aorta flows through a cannula placed in the brachio-cephalic artery (A), the velocity of flow being recorded by a Pitot tube (B) or by a Henderson’s cardiometer. The peripheral resistance is regulated by a compressible fingerstall (D), a second resistance (D') being inserted for studying the effects of shunt circuits. The blood then passes to the venous reservoir (K) which consists of a rubber bag of approximately 250 c.c. capacity. The distal end of the venous reservoir is connected to the superior vena cava. A finger-stall (C) joined by a side tube to the arterial system represents the elasticity of the arterial sytem ; this finger-stall and the venous reservoir K when enclosed in plethysmographs enable the experimeter to study alterations in the volume of the systemic circulation.

scholarly journals DOUBLE SUPERIORVENACAVA AND ITS ASSOCIATED CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS - A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 075-078
Author(s):  
Sushma R Kotian ◽  
Antony Sylvan D Souza ◽  
Praveena Ravichandran ◽  
Pallavi Bhat ◽  
Mamatha Hosapatna
Keyword(s):  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Left Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Persistent Left Superior Vena ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right ◽  
Brachiocephalic Veins

AbstractAbnormalities of the vascular system are always of extreme interest due to its importance in circulation. Normally the superior vena cava is a single vascular structure formed by the union of right and left brachiocephalic veins which are in turn formed by the union of corresponding internal jugular and subclavian veins, draining the head and neck as well as the superior extremity. However during routine dissection in the Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, we came across a case of double superior vena cava with persistent left superior vena cava in a 58-year-old male cadaver. Both the vena cavae were formed as continuations of brachiocephalic veins of the corresponding side. The persistent left superior vena cava opened into the enlarged coronary sinus that drained into the right atrium between the opening of inferior venacava and right atrioventricular orifice. No communication was observed between the two vena cavae. A persistent left superior vena cava does not by itself produce any physiological derangement. But it has important clinical implications in certain clinical interventions. It may complicate placement of cardiac catheters or pacemaker leads. Awareness of this anomaly may therefore reduce confusions and thus would help to avoid further complications.

scholarly journals Percutaneous Embolectomy of Serpentine Thrombus from the Right Atrium in a 51-Year-Old Man

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 524-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Patnaik ◽  
Harish Seetha Rammohan ◽  
Mahek Shah ◽  
Shivani Garg ◽  
Vincent Figueredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Surgical Risk ◽  
Aspiration System ◽  
The Right

Treatment of large, fresh thrombi in the vascular system can be challenging. AngioVac, a cardiopulmonary pump system, has been used to remove large thrombi and even some tumors by a percutaneous route. We report here a case of a 51-year-old man who presented with a large thrombus (7.5 × 1.5 cm) in his inferior vena cava, extending into his right atrium and right ventricle. Because the surgical risk was high, we attempted percutaneous embolectomy via the AngioVac aspiration system. We also review the literature concerning this emerging technique.

Particle Image Velocimetry Flow Measurements About a Vena Cava Filter

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Navitsky ◽  
Jason C. Nanna ◽  
Joseph J. Pearson ◽  
Matthew P. Scanlon ◽  
Frank C. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Blood Clots

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a medical condition in which blood clots form in the lower extremities, often times the right leg, or pelvis region. These blood clots are formed through a variety of circumstances including: injury to the vessel wall, decreased blood supply, or increased clotting factors. Complications from DVT often arise when the blood clot breaks free forming a pulmonary embolism (PE). The incidence of such an occurrence is over 600,000 cases per year in the United States. If the PE is allowed to travel through the vascular system, occlusion of the pulmonary arteries and death may result. There are over 200,000 deaths attributed to this cause every year in the United States.

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