Injury Mechanisms in Traffic Accidents

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Brian D Goodwin ◽  
Sajal Chirvi ◽  
Frank A Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Injury Mechanisms

A New Computer Simulation of Neck Injury Biomechanics

2011 ◽  
Vol 467-469 ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Jian Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Neck Injury ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Injury Mechanisms

Head and neck injuries are the most frequent severe injury resulting from traffic accidents. Neck injury mechanisms are difficult to study experimentally due to the variety of impact conditions involved, as well as ethical issues, such as the use of human cadavers and animals. Finite element analysis is a comprehensive computer aided mathematical method through which human head and neck impact tolerance can be investigated. Detailed cervical spine models are necessary to better understand cervical spine response to loading, improve our understanding of injury mechanisms, and specifically for predicting occupant response and injury in auto crash scenarios. The focus of this study was to develop a C1–C2 finite element model with optimized mechanical parameter. The most advanced material data available were then incorporated using appropriate nonlinear constitutive models to provide accurate predictions of response at physiological levels of loading. This optimization method was the first utilized in biomechanics understanding, the C1–C2 model forms the basis for the development of a full cervical spine model. Future studies will focus on tissue-level injury prediction and dynamic response.

Injury Mechanisms in Traffic Accidents

2018 ◽  
pp. 2363-2398
Author(s):  
Brian D. Goodwin ◽  
Sajal Chirvi ◽  
Frank A. Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Injury Mechanisms

A Finite Element Model of the Occupant Lower Extremity for Automotive Impact Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costin D. Untaroiu ◽  
Neng Yue ◽  
Jaeho Shin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Lower Limb Injuries ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Life Threatening

Although not life-threatening, lower limb injuries are the most frequent injury of moderate severity (AIS 2), sustained in a vehicle crash (Pattimore et al., 1991). To better understand the injury mechanisms, several lower extremity (LEX) finite element (FE) models were developed to investigate traffic accidents involving occupants in vehicles (Yang et al., 2006). The main limitations of existing lower limb FE models are due to their geometries, the modeling approaches used to represent their components, and limited test data used for the model validation.

scholarly journals Characteristics of alcohol-related trauma: a retrospective analysis of 1997 cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfang Qi ◽  
Qi Lin ◽  
Long Bao ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Du Chen
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Objective To analyze and summarize the epidemiological characteristics of patients with alcohol-related trauma through a large dataset. Methods The medical records of 46338 patients with pre-hospital trauma in 2019 were exported from Suzhou pre-hospital first aid information system. The medical history was matched by regular expression, and the trauma cases including "drinking", "drunk driving" and "alcoholism" were defined as alcohol-related trauma (ART). Statistical analysis was performed from the respects of age distribution, sex composition, injury mechanism, onset time and injury condition. Results 1997 patients with alcohol-related trauma were screened, including 1791 males, accounting for 89.68%. The age in the male group was older than that in the female group [median (IQR)]: 39 (16) vs. 31 (15), p < 0.001. The top three injury mechanisms were fall down (32%), violence (28.49%) and traffic accidents (24.89%). In terms of time distribution, alcohol-related injuries mostly occurred at from 20:00 to 00:00 and Friday, Saturday and Sunday. The shock risk of violent was significantly higher than that of other types of trauma. Taking traffic accidents as a reference baseline, we calculated the crude OR and the adjusted OR with the adjustment for sex and age, which were 2.57, 95%(1.54–4.30), p < 0.001; 2.39, 95%CI(1.42–4.01), p = 0.001, repspectively. Conclusion ART mainly occurs in male population and the average age of male is higher than that of female, and it is more common in falls, violence and traffic accidents, especially from 20:00 to 00:00 at night and on weekends. Violence can more easily lead to shock than other types of trauma, which suggests more serious injury and worse outcome.

Do Trampoline Injuries Result in More Hospital Intervention Compared to Other Mechanisms of Injury?

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Ibrahim ◽  
Tosan Okoro
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Observational Assessment ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Similar Incidence

Background. A significant proportion of emergency department (ED) presentations are related to trampoline injuries. The aims of this study were to assess whether presentations to the ED as a result of a trampoline injury have an increased incidence of requiring intervention as opposed to other mechanisms of injury in children under 9 years old. Materials and methods. Retrospective observational assessment of ED presentations of children under 9 years old recorded in the European Injuries Database (EU IDB) in 2014. Results. Of a total of 28135 ED presentations, 4.4% (n=1257) were as a direct result of trampoline injuries. 38.6% (n=486) of these patients required further intervention (inpatient treatment/outpatient treatment/transfer to another facility) compared to other injury mechanisms such as sport (43.8%; 992/2263), falls from a height (28.3%; 5756/20363), park injuries (42.5%; 641/1507) and road traffic accidents (RTAs) (40.9%; 1124/2745). There was no statistically significant difference between trampoline injuries (38.6%) and road traffic accidents (40.9%), in terms of requiring further intervention (Fisher’s exact test p=0.18). Conclusion. Injuries from trampolines, although a small proportion of all injuries recorded, have a similar incidence of requiring intervention when compared to other, major, modes of injury such as RTAs in this age group – this information has implications for current public health policy and parental approval of this activity.

scholarly journals Characteristics of alcohol-related trauma: a retrospective analysis of 1997 cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfang Qi ◽  
Qi Lin ◽  
Long Bao ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Du Chen
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Objective To analyze and summarize the epidemiological characteristics of patients with alcohol-related trauma through a large dataset. Methods The medical records of 46338 patients with pre-hospital trauma in 2019 were exported from Suzhou pre-hospital first aid information system. The medical history was matched by regular expression, and the trauma cases including "drinking", "drunk driving" and "alcoholism" were defined as alcohol-related trauma (ART). Statistical analysis was performed from the respects of age distribution, sex composition, injury mechanism, onset time and injury condition. Results 1997 patients with alcohol-related trauma were screened, including 1791 males, accounting for 89.68%. The age in the male group was older than that in the female group [median (IQR)]: 39 (16) vs. 31 (15), p < 0.001. The top three injury mechanisms were fall down (32%), violence (28.49%) and traffic accidents (24.89%). In terms of time distribution, alcohol-related injuries mostly occurred at from 20:00 to 00:00 and Friday, Saturday and Sunday. The shock risk of violent was significantly higher than that of other types of trauma. Taking traffic accidents as a reference baseline, we calculated the crude OR and the adjusted OR with the adjustment for sex and age, which were 2.57, 95%(1.54–4.30), p < 0.001; 2.39, 95%CI(1.42–4.01), p = 0.001, repspectively. Conclusion ART mainly occurs in male population and the average age of male is higher than that of female, and it is more common in falls, violence and traffic accidents, especially from 20:00 to 00:00 at night and on weekends. Violence can more easily lead to shock than other types of trauma, which suggests more serious injury and worse outcome.

Biomechanical and Injury Response of Human Foot and Ankle Under Complex Loading

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeho Shin ◽  
Costin D. Untaroiu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Complex Loading ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Automotive Crashes

Ankle and subtalar joint injuries of vehicle front seat occupants are frequently recorded during frontal and offset vehicle crashes. A few injury criteria for foot and ankle were proposed in the past; however, they addressed only certain injury mechanisms or impact loadings. The main goal of this study was to investigate numerically the tolerance of foot and ankle under complex loading which may appear during automotive crashes. A previously developed and preliminarily validated foot and leg finite element (FE) model of a 50th percentile male was employed in this study. The model was further validated against postmortem human subjects (PMHS) data in various loading conditions that generates the bony fractures and ligament failures in ankle and subtalar regions observed in traffic accidents. Then, the foot and leg model were subjected to complex loading simulated as combinations of axial, dorsiflexion, and inversion loadings. An injury surface was fitted through the points corresponding to the parameters recorded at the time of failure in the FE simulations. The compelling injury predictions of the injury surface in two crash simulations may recommend its application for interpreting the test data recorded by anthropometric test devices (ATD) during crash tests. It is believed that the methodology presented in this study may be appropriate for the development of injury criteria under complex loadings corresponding to other body regions as well.

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