A Finite Element Model of the Occupant Lower Extremity for Automotive Impact Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costin D. Untaroiu ◽  
Neng Yue ◽  
Jaeho Shin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Lower Limb Injuries ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Life Threatening

Although not life-threatening, lower limb injuries are the most frequent injury of moderate severity (AIS 2), sustained in a vehicle crash (Pattimore et al., 1991). To better understand the injury mechanisms, several lower extremity (LEX) finite element (FE) models were developed to investigate traffic accidents involving occupants in vehicles (Yang et al., 2006). The main limitations of existing lower limb FE models are due to their geometries, the modeling approaches used to represent their components, and limited test data used for the model validation.

A New Computer Simulation of Neck Injury Biomechanics

2011 ◽  
Vol 467-469 ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Jian Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Neck Injury ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Injury Mechanisms

Head and neck injuries are the most frequent severe injury resulting from traffic accidents. Neck injury mechanisms are difficult to study experimentally due to the variety of impact conditions involved, as well as ethical issues, such as the use of human cadavers and animals. Finite element analysis is a comprehensive computer aided mathematical method through which human head and neck impact tolerance can be investigated. Detailed cervical spine models are necessary to better understand cervical spine response to loading, improve our understanding of injury mechanisms, and specifically for predicting occupant response and injury in auto crash scenarios. The focus of this study was to develop a C1–C2 finite element model with optimized mechanical parameter. The most advanced material data available were then incorporated using appropriate nonlinear constitutive models to provide accurate predictions of response at physiological levels of loading. This optimization method was the first utilized in biomechanics understanding, the C1–C2 model forms the basis for the development of a full cervical spine model. Future studies will focus on tissue-level injury prediction and dynamic response.

scholarly journals Analysis of Limb Injury Patterns in Victims of Two Wheeler Accidents

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Anish Sam George ◽  
Murali Poduval
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Lower Limb Injuries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Limb Injury ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Two Wheeler

Objectives: A retrospective study was carried out to analyse the two wheeler accidents that presented over a one year period to a single institution and to study the pattern of limb injuries according to zones assigned to the limb. The mode of injury in the two wheeler accidents and the differences in limb injuries between the driver and the pillion riding passenger were also studied.Methods: All the road traffic accidents that could be attributed to two wheelers were obtained with the help of trauma records and the nominal registers and ward records. Limb injuries were then assigned to various anatomical zones that were created for the purpose of the study. The upper limb and lower limb injuries were separately analysed for differences between the driver and the pillion rider.Results: There were 242 two wheeler accidents seen between 1st jan 2008 to 31st dec 2008, of these 110 had limb injuries. 96 cases were eventually included and of these 67 were drivers. The most common mode of injury was a skid and fall of the vehicle ( 42%). Pillion riders were injured more often in collisions between two and four wheelers. The commonest injury in drivers was in wrist and hand regions of the upper limb and the tibia and ankle regions of the lower limb. In the pillion rider, lower limb injuries were commonest in the tibia and ankle whereas in the upper limb shoulder and wrist injuries predominated.Conclusion: Two wheeler accidents cause significant morbidity in both the driver and pillion rider, the tibia and ankle are commonly injured in both the populations whereas minor differences in upper limb injury are seen between the two groups.Keywords: Road traffic accidents; epidemiology; pattern of injuries.DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2794Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2010 p.14-15

scholarly journals Finite element simulation of lower limb injuries to the driver in minibus frontal collisions

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Liang Shi ◽  
Chen Lei ◽  
Kui Li ◽  
Shuo-Zhen Fu ◽  
Zheng-Wei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Simulation ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limb Injuries ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Frontal Collisions

scholarly journals Military Exercises, Knee and Ankle Joint Position Sense, and Injury in Male Conscripts: A Pilot Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 790-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshid Mohammadi ◽  
Kamran Azma ◽  
Iman Naseh ◽  
Reza Emadifard ◽  
Yasaman Etemadi
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Lower Limb Injuries ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Military Exercises ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Context: The high incidence of lower limb injuries associated with physical exercises in military conscripts suggests that fatigue may be a risk factor for injuries. Researchers have hypothesized that lower limb injuries may be related to altered ankle and knee joint position sense (JPS) due to fatigue. Objective: To evaluate if military exercises could alter JPS and to examine the possible relation of JPS to future lower extremity injuries in military service. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 50 male conscripts (age = 21.4 ± 2.3 years, height = 174.5 ± 6.4 cm, mass = 73.1 ± 6.3 kg) from a unique military base were recruited randomly. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants performed 8 weeks of physical activities at the beginning of a military course. In the first part of the study, we instructed participants to recognize predetermined positions before and after military exercises so we could examine the effects of military exercise on JPS. The averages of the absolute error and the variable error of 3 trials were recorded. We collected data on the frequency of lower extremity injuries over 8 weeks. Next, the participants were divided into 2 groups: injured and uninjured. Separate 2 × 2 × 2 (group-by-time-by-joint) mixed-model analyses of variance were used to determine main effects and interactions of these factors for each JPS measure. In the second part of the study, we examined whether the effects of fatigue on JPS were related to the development of injury during an 8-week training program. We calculated Hedges effect sizes for JPS changes postexercise in each group and compared change scores between groups. Results: We found group-by-time interactions for all JPS variables (F range = 2.86–4.05, P < .01). All participants showed increases in JPS errors postexercise (P < .01), but the injured group had greater changes for all the variables (P < .01). Conclusions: Military conscripts who sustained lower extremity injuries during an 8-week military exercise program had greater loss of JPS acuity than conscripts who did not sustain injuries. The changes in JPS found after 1 bout of exercise may have predictive ability for future musculoskeletal injuries.

scholarly journals Lower Limb Injuries and Socioeconomic Influences in a Region of a Tertiary Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Taís Martins Loreto ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Boaretto Cezillo ◽  
Bruno Rafael Müller ◽  
Rodrigo Chaves Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Aparecida Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Lower Limb Injuries ◽  
Limb Injuries

ABSTRACT Background Lower limb injuries are related to important disability to deal with environment. Socioeconomic characteristics also must be considered since they lead to a particular trauma profile. This association is necessary to guide control measures to prevent morbidity and mortality. Study design In the region, the human development index (HDI) varies from 0.772 to 0.804), per capita income varies from 1.62 to 2.36 (minimum wage) and the average years of study in the population was 6.5 years. Data collected from 334 admitted trauma patients between 2011 and 2012 at Hospital Pirajussara, a tertiary reference center in São Paulo, Brazil, linked to the Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine (UNIFESP-EPM) compiled the following parameters: length of stay, age, sex, mechanism of injury and mortality, which was associated with the local characteristics and data from the existing literature. The environment characteristics surrounding the hospital are of slums without adequate work conditions. Results Domestic falls were the most important mechanism of injury (50.8%), affecting mainly elderly people at the rate of 33.5% with femur fractures. Traffic accidents involved 27.2% of patients, 71.4% of them caused by motorcycle. Seventy-seven percent of motorcycle accidents involved young drivers with lower leg injury (69.2%) and hip/thigh injury (26%). Conclusion Results demonstrate that most lesions are motivated by domestic falls and are strongly correlated to elderly patients, while young patients are more inclined to suffer traffic accidents, mostly associated with motorcycles. Considering this peculiar epidemiological profile is possible to intervene through policy approaches, such as safer road infrastructure and enforcement of laws to decrease risky behavior, and third age public healthcare strategies allied to better structured homes, using assistive devices as handrails for stairways and removing hazards from passage. How to cite this article Loreto TM, Cezillo MVB, Müller BR, Ribeiro RC, Andrade AA, Abib SCV. Lower Limb Injuries and Socioeconomic Influences in a Region of a Tertiary Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2014;3(2):47-52.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an Age-Specific Lower Extremity Finite Element Model for Simulating Pedestrian Accidents

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Huang ◽  
Yongcheng Long ◽  
Yu Yan ◽  
Lin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Injury Mechanisms

The objective of the present study is to develop an age-specific lower extremity finite element model for pedestrian accident simulation. Finite element (FE) models have been used as a versatile tool to simulate and understand the pedestrian injury mechanisms and assess injury risk during crashes. However, current computational models only represent certain ages in the population, the age spectrum of the pedestrian victims is very large, and the geometry of anatomical structures and material property of the lower extremities changes with age for adults, which could affect the injury tolerance, especially in at-risk populations such as the elderly. The effects of age on the material mechanical property of bone and soft tissues of the lower extremities as well as the geometry of the long bone were studied. Then an existing 50th percentile male pedestrian lower extremity model was rebuilt to depict lower extremity morphology for 30- to 70-year-old (YO) individuals. A series of PMHS tests were simulated to validate the biofidelity and stability of the created age-specific models and evaluate the lower extremity response. The development of age-specific lower extremity models will lead to an improved understanding of the pedestrian lower extremity injury mechanisms and injury risk prediction for the whole population in vehicle-pedestrian collision accidents.

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