scholarly journals Soil Incubation Studies

2016 ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Maddela Naga Raju ◽  
Narasimha Golla ◽  
Rangaswamy Vengatampalli
Keyword(s):  
Soil Incubation

scholarly journals Degradation of bioplastics in organic waste by mesophilic anaerobic digestion, composting and soil incubation

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Mirko Cucina ◽  
Patrizia De Nisi ◽  
Luca Trombino ◽  
Fulvia Tambone ◽  
Fabrizio Adani
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Soil Incubation

scholarly journals Towards a representation of priming on soil carbon decomposition in the global land biosphere model ORCHIDEE (version 1.9.5.2)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 841-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Guenet ◽  
Fernando Esteban Moyano ◽  
Philippe Peylin ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Ivan A Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
First Order ◽  
Carbon Decomposition ◽  
Litter Manipulation ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Biosphere Model

Abstract. Priming of soil carbon decomposition encompasses different processes through which the decomposition of native (already present) soil organic matter is amplified through the addition of new organic matter, with new inputs typically being more labile than the native soil organic matter. Evidence for priming comes from laboratory and field experiments, but to date there is no estimate of its impact at global scale and under the current anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon cycle. Current soil carbon decomposition models do not include priming mechanisms, thereby introducing uncertainty when extrapolating short-term local observations to ecosystem and regional to global scale. In this study we present a simple conceptual model of decomposition priming, called PRIM, able to reproduce laboratory (incubation) and field (litter manipulation) priming experiments. Parameters for this model were first optimized against data from 20 soil incubation experiments using a Bayesian framework. The optimized parameter values were evaluated against another set of soil incubation data independent from the ones used for calibration and the PRIM model reproduced the soil incubations data better than the original, CENTURY-type soil decomposition model, whose decomposition equations are based only on first-order kinetics. We then compared the PRIM model and the standard first-order decay model incorporated into the global land biosphere model ORCHIDEE (Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems). A test of both models was performed at ecosystem scale using litter manipulation experiments from five sites. Although both versions were equally able to reproduce observed decay rates of litter, only ORCHIDEE–PRIM could simulate the observed priming (R2  =  0.54) in cases where litter was added or removed. This result suggests that a conceptually simple and numerically tractable representation of priming adapted to global models is able to capture the sign and magnitude of the priming of litter and soil organic matter.

MICROBES AND NITRATES IN SOILS FROM VIRGIN AND YOUNG-GROWTH FORESTS

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Bollen ◽  
Ernest Wright
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Coastal Soils ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Young Growth

Penicillium spp. predominated in samples of forest soils except occasionally at depths of more than three inches, when Mucor and Aspergillus spp. sometimes were more abundant. Incubation for 30 days at 28 °C and 50 per cent water-holding capacity frequently increased the percentage of Mucor spp. as well as Penicillium spp. Mucor spp. were consistently more prominent in soils associated with alder than for other coastal soils. Mucor and Aspergillus spp. also appeared often in soil from stands of ponderosa pine growing east of the Cascades.The greatest concentration of nitrogen as NO3− in unincubated soils was found in a young red alder stand. Samples of soil from stands of virgin coastal redwood showed no nitrate nitrogen. Soils from stands of virgin Sitka spruce, however, showed considerable nitrate content, which increased markedly with incubation.With few exceptions, bacteria and actinomycetes were most numerous in F layers of soil. Incubation greatly increased these populations in most soils.

Changes in DTPA extractability of added cadmium in two different soil types treated with wheat straw in sterile and unsterile conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar Safari Sinegani ◽  
Milad Jafari Monsef
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Unsterile Soil ◽  
Positive Effect

Heavy metals in soluble form have the highest bioavailability and toxicity in soil. DTPA-extractable Cd was investigated in two different soil types treated with wheat straw (5%) under sterile and unsterile conditions. Soils were located in Hamadan (Iran, 48<sup>o</sup> 28<sup>'</sup> 23" E and 34<sup>o</sup> 56' 48" N), a fallow cropland with a semi-arid climate, and Lahijan (Iran, 50<sup>o</sup> 1<sup>'</sup> 51" E and 37<sup>o</sup> 11' 59" N), a tea plantation with a temperate climate. DTPA-extractable Cd in contaminated soils (10 mg Cd kg<sup>-1</sup>) was measured from 1 minute to 3600 hours. During the soil incubation period, DTPA-extractable Cd was higher in the Lahijan soil, but at the end of the soil incubation period it was higher in the Hamadan soil. The positive effect of wheat residue on DTPA-extractable Cd was higher in the Lahijan unsterile soil at the end of the soil incubation period. The decrease of DTPA extractability of the added Cd was lower in the Lahijan soil incubated under unsterile conditions compared to that under sterile conditions. In contrast, Hamadan sterile soil treated and untreated with wheat residue had the highest DTPA-extractable Cd at the end of the soil incubation period. The decrease in DTPA extractability of the added Cd in soils was exponential with 3 steps. In the 1<sup>st</sup> step the highest and the lowest rates of DTPA decrease were observed in Hamadan sterile and Lahijan unsterile soils treated with wheat residue. In the 3<sup>rd</sup> step it was reversed, and the decrease in DTPA extractable Cd was lower in the Hamadan soil compared to the Lahijan soil.

scholarly journals Nitrate Leakage from Deciduous Forest Soils into Streams on Kureha Hill, Japan

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 548-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Honoki ◽  
T. Kawakami ◽  
H. Yasuda ◽  
I. Maehara
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Episodic Event ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

Nitrate leakage from deciduous forest soils into streams was investigated for two adjacent hills. Many of the streams on Kureha Hill, located in Toyama City, Japan, have extremely high nitrate concentrations. The nitrate concentration of Hyakumakidani, one of the streams on Kureha Hill, averaged 158 μeq l-1and reached 470 μeq l-1during an episodic event. In contrast, the streams on Imizu Hill, adjacent to Kureha Hill, had low concentrations, below 15 μeq l-1. Even during an episode, the nitrate concentrations increased to no more than 75 μeq l-1.Both areas have similar blown forest soils, C/N ratios in O horizons, and vegetation consisting primarily of deciduous trees. However, soil incubation experiments, which lasted for 4 weeks, revealed that the nitrification rates in the surface soils of Kureha Hill were much higher than in the soils of Imizu Hill.

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