Biodegradability of crude glycerol-based polyurethane foams during composting, anaerobic digestion and soil incubation

2014 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie F. Gómez ◽  
Xiaolan Luo ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
Frederick C. Michel ◽  
Yebo Li
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Soil Incubation

scholarly journals Anaerobic digestion of crude glycerol: a review

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Viana ◽  
A. V. Freitas ◽  
R. C. Leitão ◽  
G. A.S. Pinto ◽  
S. T. Santaella
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Crude Glycerol

scholarly journals Degradation of bioplastics in organic waste by mesophilic anaerobic digestion, composting and soil incubation

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Mirko Cucina ◽  
Patrizia De Nisi ◽  
Luca Trombino ◽  
Fulvia Tambone ◽  
Fabrizio Adani
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Soil Incubation

Anaerobic digestion of crude glycerol from biodiesel manufacturing using a large-scale pilot plant: Methane production and application of digested sludge as fertilizer

2013 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 342-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Baba ◽  
Chika Tada ◽  
Ryoya Watanabe ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Nobuyoshi Chida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Digested Sludge

Assessment of the Anaerobic Digestion of Crude Glycerol, Stillage, and Swine Wastewater Mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 04020098
Author(s):  
Thompson Ricardo Weiser Meier ◽  
Paulo André Cremonez ◽  
Jhony Teleken ◽  
Thiago Sintra Maniglia ◽  
Edson Antônio da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Swine Wastewater

Rigid polyurethane foams from unrefined crude glycerol and technical lignins

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 111-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Christiaan Muller ◽  
Sanette Marx ◽  
Hermanus CM Vosloo ◽  
Elvis Fosso-Kankeu ◽  
Idan Chiyanzu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Organosolv Lignin ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
By Products ◽  
Technical Lignins

The need for green materials has driven interest in the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) from various biomass types. The present study aims at increasing bio-based content by utilizing by-products from both the pulp and paper and biodiesel industries. Bio-based polyols from respective liquefaction of kraft lignin, organosolv lignin and lignosulphonate in crude glycerol were employed to prepare rigid PUFs. The highest foam compressive strength was 345 kPa with density 79 kg m−3; thermal conductivity was 0.039 W m−1 K−1 and the corresponding material had 44 wt% renewable content. Thermal characteristics and biodegradability were also evaluated. Technical lignin type was found to determine product properties to a large extent. Based on the use of existing industrial scale by-products in this study, the findings can be beneficial for present and future biorefineries in the valorization of lower value by-product streams.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Wastewater Sludge: A Review of Potential Co-Substrates and Operating Factors for Improved Methane Yield

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ling Chow ◽  
Siewhui Chong ◽  
Jun Wei Lim ◽  
Yi Jing Chan ◽  
Mei Fong Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Waste Food

Anaerobic digestion has been widely employed in waste treatment for its ability to capture methane gas released as a product during the digestion. Certain wastes, however, cannot be easily digested due to their low nutrient level insufficient for anaerobic digestion, thus co-digestion is a viable option. Numerous studies have shown that using co-substrates in anaerobic digestion systems improve methane yields as positive synergisms are established in the digestion medium, and the supply of missing nutrients are introduced by the co-substrates. Nevertheless, large-scale implementation of co-digestion technology is limited by inherent process limitations and operational concerns. This review summarizes the results from numerous laboratory, pilot, and full-scale anaerobic co-digestion (ACD) studies of wastewater sludge with the co-substrates of organic fraction of municipal solid waste, food waste, crude glycerol, agricultural waste, and fat, oil and grease. The critical factors that influence the ACD operation are also discussed. The ultimate aim of this review is to identify the best potential co-substrate for wastewater sludge anaerobic co-digestion and provide a recommendation for future reference. By adding co-substrates, a gain ranging from 13 to 176% in the methane yield was accomplished compared to the mono-digestions.

Effect of unrefined crude glycerol composition on the properties of polyurethane foams

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno V Gama ◽  
Belinda Soares ◽  
Carmen SR Freire ◽  
Rui Silva ◽  
Artur Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of using unrefined crude glycerol (CG), a byproduct of the biodiesel industry, in the production of polyurethane foams. In order to assess the suitability of this raw material for the production of polyurethane foams, two samples of crude glycerol with different compositions in glycerol, fatty acids, and methyl esters were used directly, without any pretreatment or purification. Additionally, one of these samples was also submitted to a pre-treatment step in order to evaluate the advantage of purifying the raw material and, for comparison, pure glycerol was also used to prepare polyurethane foams. Both chemical and structural characterizations of the produced foams, as well as the thermomechanical properties determined, showed that unrefined crude glycerol is a suitable ecopolyol for the production of polyurethane foams. Although the presence of fatty acids and esters affects their mechanical performance, this issue can be explored to tune the properties of the ensuing polyurethane foams. Furthermore, the evaluation of the impact of using unrefined CG on the sustainability of polyurethane foams production yielded promising results.

scholarly journals Polyurethane Foams for Thermal Insulation Uses Produced from Castor Oil and Crude Glycerol Biopolyols

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila S. Carriço ◽  
Thaís Fraga ◽  
Vagner E. Carvalho ◽  
Vânya M. D. Pasa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Blowing Agent

Rigid polyurethane foams were synthesized using a renewable polyol from the simple physical mixture of castor oil and crude glycerol. The effect of the catalyst and blowing agent in the foams properties was evaluated. The use of physical blowing agent (cyclopentane and n-pentane) allowed obtaining foams with smaller cells in comparison with the foams produced with a chemical blowing agent (water). The increase of water content caused a decrease of density, thermal conductivity, compressive strength and Young's modulus, which indicates that the increment of CO2 production contributes to the formation of larger cells. Higher amount of catalyst in the foam formulations caused a slight density decrease and an increase small significance of thermal conductivity, compressive strength and Young's modulus values. These green foams presented properties that indicate a great potential to be used as thermal insulation, as density (23 - 41 kg m-3), thermal conductivity (0.0128 – 0.0207 W m-1 K-1), compressive strength (45 - 188 kPa) and Young's modulus (3 - 28 kPa). These biofoams are also environmental friendly alternatives and can aggregate revenue to biodiesel industry, contributing for reduction of this fuel prices.

scholarly journals Continuous Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Biowaste with Crude Glycerol under Mesophilic Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9512
Author(s):  
Jan Sprafke ◽  
Vicky Shettigondahalli Ekanthalu ◽  
Michael Nelles
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Primary Focus

A persistent topic of the anaerobic digestion of biowaste is the efficient use of co-substrates. According to Renewable Energy Sources Act the co-substrate input is limited to 10 percent of the average daily substrate feed in Germany. In this concern, the primary focus of this paper is to understand the suitability of crude glycerol in anaerobic digestion of biowaste. Two identical lab-scale anaerobic digester units were added with crude glycerol, and each unit was equipped with four identical fermenters. Unit A was fed with an average organic loading rate of 4.5 kg VS m−3 d−1, and the average organic loading rate of unit B was set at 5.5 kg VS m−3 d−1. The share of crude glycerol in the total feed was 0.77 percent of the fresh matter. The abort criterion is a ratio of the volatile organic acids and buffer capacity (FOS/TAC) in the fermenter above 1.2. The abort criterion was reached after 16 days. In summary, the results lead us to the conclusion crude glycerol is not suitable as a co-substrate for anaerobic digestion for several reasons.

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