Changes in DTPA extractability of added cadmium in two different soil types treated with wheat straw in sterile and unsterile conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar Safari Sinegani ◽  
Milad Jafari Monsef
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Unsterile Soil ◽  
Positive Effect

Heavy metals in soluble form have the highest bioavailability and toxicity in soil. DTPA-extractable Cd was investigated in two different soil types treated with wheat straw (5%) under sterile and unsterile conditions. Soils were located in Hamadan (Iran, 48<sup>o</sup> 28<sup>'</sup> 23" E and 34<sup>o</sup> 56' 48" N), a fallow cropland with a semi-arid climate, and Lahijan (Iran, 50<sup>o</sup> 1<sup>'</sup> 51" E and 37<sup>o</sup> 11' 59" N), a tea plantation with a temperate climate. DTPA-extractable Cd in contaminated soils (10 mg Cd kg<sup>-1</sup>) was measured from 1 minute to 3600 hours. During the soil incubation period, DTPA-extractable Cd was higher in the Lahijan soil, but at the end of the soil incubation period it was higher in the Hamadan soil. The positive effect of wheat residue on DTPA-extractable Cd was higher in the Lahijan unsterile soil at the end of the soil incubation period. The decrease of DTPA extractability of the added Cd was lower in the Lahijan soil incubated under unsterile conditions compared to that under sterile conditions. In contrast, Hamadan sterile soil treated and untreated with wheat residue had the highest DTPA-extractable Cd at the end of the soil incubation period. The decrease in DTPA extractability of the added Cd in soils was exponential with 3 steps. In the 1<sup>st</sup> step the highest and the lowest rates of DTPA decrease were observed in Hamadan sterile and Lahijan unsterile soils treated with wheat residue. In the 3<sup>rd</sup> step it was reversed, and the decrease in DTPA extractable Cd was lower in the Hamadan soil compared to the Lahijan soil.

Fungal strain and incubation period affect chemical composition and nutrient availability of wheat straw for rumen fermentation

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Dinh Tuyen ◽  
J.W. Cone ◽  
J.J.P. Baars ◽  
A.S.M. Sonnenberg ◽  
W.H. Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Fungal Strain

SELECTION OF SUITABLE SAMPLING TOOL FOR RELIABLE SOIL SAMPLING NOT ONLY AFTER RADIOLOGICAL ACCIDENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 186 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Michal Setnička ◽  
Tomáš Kroupa ◽  
Alena Čtvrtečková ◽  
René Marek
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Rescue Service ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Operator Safety ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The objective of this research was to develop a sampling protocol for contaminated soils after a large radiological accident. One of the criteria for good sampling method is reproducibility and accuracy of large number of samples collected in short time. Members of the chemical laboratories of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic (FRS CR), which are included in Radiation Monitoring Network, tested four tools in different soil types. More than 100 samples were collected. Root auger and square soil sampler seem to be the best for reliable soil sampling. Modifications of the root auger decreased of relative error of sampling to 7.5%. The root auger is recommended as a first-choice sampling tool based on: (1) ease, (2) operator safety, (3) collection of a representative sample (4) applicability to most soil types and (5) enabling collection of depth-discrete samples.

scholarly journals Eradication of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotia from Soil Using Organic Waste Materials as Trichoderma Fungi Carriers

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Smolińska ◽  
Beata Kowalska ◽  
Waldemar Kowalczyk ◽  
Magdalena Szczech ◽  
Aleksandra Murgrabia
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Trichoderma Fungi ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
By Products

Abstract Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is considered as one of the most harmful soilborne pathogens, which reduces productivity of horticultural crops. Currently used chemical or biological methods for the eradication of S. sclerotiorum from a soil are not very effective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of eradication of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia from a soil using the Trichoderma isolates, which were multiplied on the organic carriers prepared from agro-industrial wastes and by-products: WsA (wheat straw + apple pomaces), WsP (wheat straw + potato pulp) and T-GRAN (dry onion rind, apples and strawberry pomaces, rapeseed meal). The results showed that soil amendment with organic materials overgrown with the Trichoderma fungi had a significant reducing effect on S. sclerotiorum. Especially effective was the carrier WsA overgrown with T. virens TRS114, which completely prevented the survival of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum regardless of the dose of application. Less effective was the WsP carrier. However, addition WsP overgrown with T. atroviride TRS40 at the 5% w/v, resulted in survival only 6.7% of sclerotia. In the greenhouse experiments with lettuce, the application of granulates T-GRAN into the soil had different impact on S. sclerotiorum depending on the conditions to the pathogen development. In conducive conditions, an addition of the organic substances without Trichoderma significantly decreased the yield of lettuce plants. A positive effect on the growth of plants was observed after the application of T-GRAN overgrown with Trichoderma.

scholarly journals Pre-Incubation and its Effect on the Development and Malformations of The Chick Embryo

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
L. Janikovičová ◽  
Z. Demčišáková ◽  
L. Luptáková ◽  
Petrovová E
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eggs stored with and without pre-incubation on chick embryos with emphasis on: embryo body, heart weight, malformations, and mortality. For this study, a total of 120 chick embryos were divided into three groups, based on the length of storage before hatching (3, 7 and 10 days). Observations of the weight of chick embryo bodies, chick embryo hearts, and the level of mortality and appearance of malformations were noted. With an increase in days stored, the chick embryo’s weight decreased. The pre-incubation period had a positive effect on the weight of chick embryo, and chick hearts. Malformations, including: hydrocephalus, open body cavity and underdeveloped wings, were observed in all three groups, with the highest proportion seen in the pre-incubated hatching eggs stored for 10 days; this group also displayed the highest level of mortality. Non-pre-incubated eggs showed the most promise with better results in all experimental groups. In conclusion, the research suggests the optimal storage for chick embryos to be 3 days, with lowest levels of mortality, malformations and limited effects on the body and heart weight.

scholarly journals Enhanced Cd Phytoextraction by Solanum Nigrum L From Contaminated Soils Combined With the Application of N Fertilizers and Double Harvests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Huiping Dai ◽  
Lidia Skuza ◽  
Shuhe Wei
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract It is very important to increase phytoremediation efficiency in practice in suitable climatic conditions for plant growth by multiple harvests. Solanum nigrum L. is a Cd hyperaccumulator. In present experiment, after applying different types of N fertilizers (NH4HCO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, CH4N2O), root and shoot biomasses and Cd phytoextraction efficiency of S. nigrum effectively improved (P < 0.05), whereas shoot biomasses of S. nigrum harvested at the first florescence stage plus the amounts at the second florescence stage were higher than those at the maturation stage, which indicated that S. nigrum Cd phyto-accumulation efficiency was higher in double harvests at florescence stages compared to a single harvest due to the lack of a clear change in Cd concentration (P < 0.05). The pH value and extractable Cd contents showed no changes, regardless whether N fertilizer was added or not at different growth stages. In addition, after N fertilizer supply, H2O2 and MDA contents in S. nigrum in vivo were lower compared to CK; Similarly, the concentration of proline was decreased as well (P < 0.05). As one of the antioxidant enzymes, CAT activity in S. nigrum shoots, harvested at different growth periods after 4 types of N fertilizer application, obviously decreased, while POD and SOD activities increased (P < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that (NH4)2SO4 treatment exerted the most positive effect and the CH4N2O the second-most positive effect effect on S. nigrum Cd phytoremediation efficiency in double harvests at florescence stages and the growth conditions were better than others.

scholarly journals The comparison between conventional and rice ratoon system on soil properties, rice productivity and nutrient status

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Muchammad Bima Gegana Sakti ◽  
Komariah Komariah ◽  
Dwi Priyo Ariyanto ◽  
Sumani Sumani ◽  
Muhamad Khoiru Zaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Properties Of Soil

<p>Ratoon system is a method of rice cultivation that produces new tillers after the mother plant is harvested and is continued by maintaining and caring for the shoots of the mother plant. In Indonesia, SALIBU and SINGGANG, which are types of rice ratooning, have been developed for Sumatra and Java regions, respectively. SALIBU is an innovation or a modification of the rice ratoon system that focuses on maintaining the time of fertigation and cutting of plant height. SINGGANG, on the other hand, is a rice ratoon system in which the management of fertigation and cutting is not considered. Both systems have not yet been implemented outside their places of origin. This study aims to compare the conventional and modified rice ratoon systems considering parameters such as soil properties, nutrient uptake, and the growth and yield of rice. The effects of rice ratoon systems (SALIBU and SINGGANG,), soil types (Inceptisols, Alfisols, and Vertisols), and cultivars (Pandan Wangi and Mekongga) were evaluated. All treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized design with three replicates in the net house. The results showed that the soil porosity in SINGGANG (48.89%) and SALIBU (46.78%) systems was higher than the conventional system (43.17%) in the Inceptisol soil and Pandan Wangi cultivars. Moreover, SINGGANG had a positive effect on the physical properties of soil (porosity and permeability); whereas, SALIBU had a positive effect on the chemical properties of soil (pH and organic carbon). In contrast, the agronomic parameters showed that the weights of dry matter and dry yield for SINGGANG were 44.96 and 23.09 g per plant clump, respectively, while those for SALIBU were 55.54 and 25.74 g per plant clump, respectively. These were lower than the conventional system (63.18 and 31.21 g per plant clump, respectively). Thus, we concluded that the SINGGANG and SALIBU ratoon systems had a positive impact on soil properties, but both systems could not promote higher rice production than the mother plant in all soil types and cultivars.</p>

scholarly journals The influence of oil pollution and carriers of biological product on the agrophysical indicators of sod-podzolic soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
A. V. Lednev ◽  
A. V. Lozhkin
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Structural Coefficient

The article presents the results of the influence of various aerating agents, carriers of new generation oil-oxidizing biological product on the agrophysical parameters of sod-podzolic soil highly contaminated with oil (up to 10%), and on the rate of oil decomposition in it. The studies were carried out in a microfield experiment in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic. It was established that during the growing season of 2019 all studied carriers of the biological product had positive effect on these indicators, however, the parameters of the changes were determined by their types. Thus, the application of sawdust, barley straw and flax shive into the soil provided an increase in the structural coefficient by 0.83-0.99 units or 35-43 %. All studied carriers of the biological product statistically significantly reduced the density of the contaminated soil, the greatest effect on this indicator was exerted by flax shive (by 0.42 g/cm3 or 32 %) and sawdust (by 0.34 g/cm3 or by 26 %). The application of vermiculite increased the productive moisture content in the contaminated soil most significantly - by 115 m3 /ha or by 50.7 %. The improvement of agrophysical properties of oil-contaminated soil by carriers of the biological product increased drastically the effectiveness of the preparation for oil decomposition. The greatest effect on this indicator (by 9.9-10.9 mg/kg or 40.2- 44.3 %) was exerted by the biological product in combination with flax shive, lignin and straw. The application of organomineral fertilizers into the contaminated soil also improved the agrophysical properties of oil-contaminated soils significantly and reduced the residual oil content in it by 13.0 mg/kg or 52.8 %.

ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMICAL PROOF OF SOIL'S RECULTIVATION CONTAMINATED BY OIL BY BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 089-093
Author(s):  
A. V. PLEKHANOVA ◽  
◽  
E. G. HOLKIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Positive Effect

The biotechnological method of utilization of harmful hydrocarbon compounds from industrial contaminated soils has been studied, the fruitful influence of environmental protection measures - biopurification of oil-contaminated soil using Dendrobena Veneta vermicultures and using biological products: Batsilosorbat, Samotlor, Lumbrikus, Eisenia ". The positive effect of reducing the concentration of oil in samples to 90.58% has been experimentally confirmed. An ecological and economic analysis of the advantages of using reclamation of contaminated soil by a biotechnological method has been carried out.

Temperate Climate Malaria in 19th Century Denmark

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Mølbak Ingholt ◽  
Tzu Tung Chen ◽  
Franziska Hildebrandt ◽  
Rasmus Kristoffer Pedersen ◽  
Lone Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background A now-extinct strain of Plasmodium vivax was endemic in northern Europe until the early 20th century. In light of the emergence of other vector borne diseases in Europe under climate change, temperate climate malaria warrants a re-examination. The purpose of this article is to characterize malaria epidemiology in late-19th century Denmark. Methods Malaria, listed as “koldfeber”, morbidity and mortality data were digitized from Danish medical records during the period 1862-1914. The seasonality and spatial patterns of malaria, and the relationship of the disease with environmental factors such as soil types, clay content and altitude, were studied. In addition, the age, sex, mortality and seasonal patterns of malaria were studied in the high-morbidity period of 1862-1880. Results The highest incidence occurred in coastal eastern Denmark, and malaria was most frequent in the region of Lolland-Falster. Eastern Denmark is characterized with high soil clay contents, and Lolland-Falster has a low altitude. Incidence typically peaked in May and the case fatality ratio was 0.17%. The disease affected both sexes and all age groups except for infants. In 1873, a large spring epidemic occurred following flooding during a storm surge in November 1872.Conclusion The Plasmodium parasite likely survived the temperate-climate winters through dormancy in the human host, followed by hypnozoites reactivation in the spring. This possibly explains why malaria epidemics typically occurred around May. The age-structure of malaria morbidity with high adult prevalence, indicate that malaria was not highly endemic in the late 19th century Denmark. The investigation of the relationship between malaria and environmental factors suggests a close connection with local settings, such as soil types and altitude, and especially in combination with extreme weather events like floods, these factors may have led to larger malaria epidemics.

scholarly journals Transcription Profiling of the Metal-hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens (J. & C. PRESL)

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Plessl ◽  
Diana Rigola ◽  
Viivi Hassinen ◽  
Mark G. M. Aarts ◽  
Henk Schat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Thlaspi Caerulescens ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Transcription Profiling ◽  
Large Scale Analysis ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Metalliferous Soil ◽  
Brassicaceae Family

Abstract Thlaspi caerulescens is a well-studied metal-hyperaccumulator of zinc, cadmium and nickel, belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Moreover it is one of the few hyperaccumulators that occur on different metalliferous soil types, as well as on nonmetalliferous soils. We are interested in the development of systems to improve phytoremediation of metal contaminated soils through improved metal-accumulation. About 1900 cDNAs isolated from T. caerulescens roots were hybridized with reverse transcribed RNA from zinc-treated T. caerulescens plants of two accessions originating from two different soil types. This comparative transcript profiling of T. caerulescens plants resulted in the identification of genes that are affected by heavy metals. The developed microarray proved to be an appropriate tool for a large scale analysis of gene expression in this metal-accumulator species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document