Tensions Between Environmental, Economic and Energy Security in the Arctic

2017 ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunhild Hoogensen Gjørv
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
The Arctic

Arctic Connectivity for Sustainable Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilii Erokhin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transportation Routes

The Arctic possesses about one-quarter of the world's untapped energy resources and abundant deposits of minerals. The region has always been in the focus of geopolitical interests of the USA, Russia, countries of Northern Europe, and Canada. However, with an opening of the previously ice-jammed waterways, new potential sites with vast resources have been identified and explored. Diversified transportation routes are of paramount importance to the economic and energy security of energy importing countries, particularly non-Arctic ones. As the Arctic becomes a focus of interest of many regional and non-regional actors, it is crucial to identify the dangers such a boom may bring. This chapter reviews the history of the Arctic policies of major actors in the region, overviews the contemporary approaches to the development of the Arctic, and discusses how varying interests and policies can be translated into the effective international regulations for the benefit of the entire Arctic region, its people, environment, and sustainable development.

scholarly journals Russian Arctic region energy balance (Republic of Sakha (Yakutia))

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 02005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Zakharov ◽  
Dmitry Prokhorov ◽  
Nikita Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
State Budgets ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Technological Platform

The Arctic territories have a low population density due to the severity of the climate. Nevertheless, the indigenous people have been living in the Arctic for centuries. Ensuring their energy security is a complex technical task and at the same time is one of the significant costs of regional state budgets. The article analyzes the energy balance of the Arctic administrative regions of the largest region of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Potential optimization of energy balance while maintaining the existing technological platform.

scholarly journals A local perspective on renewable energy development in the Russian Arctic

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Gritsenko ◽  
Hilma Salonen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Renewable Energy Development ◽  
Arctic Communities

Many Arctic communities are exposed to energy security risks. Remote settlements rely largely on diesel for energy production, which results in higher consumer prices, negative impacts on the environment and public health. In the past few years, pilot projects for switching remote villages from diesel-generated to wind- and solar-diesel hybrid power plants were realized across the Arctic. Renewable energy projects have a major potential to alleviate energy security risks, promote public health and better environment. Yet, renewable energy does not take hold easily in the Arctic region. Especially in Russia, significant subsidies for fossil fuel present a major disincentive, as well as perpetuate vested interests of national oil companies. Despite the Russian Arctic being a ‘hard case’ for renewables development, there has been both interest in and progress towards the uptake of renewable energy across the Russian Arctic regions. This article contributes to the ‘local turn’ in sustainable energy policy studies by exploring two intertwined questions: which factors contribute to renewable energy development in the Russian Arctic and how do these factors characterise differences between individual Arctic communities? Using a combination of exploratory factor analysis and correspondence analysis in application to the local level (municipal) data, we update the existing models of the factors contributing to renewable energy uptake and put forward four distinct community-level models that describe renewables uptake. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of the local perspective on sustainable energy as a key to explaining differences in observed policy outcomes.

scholarly journals Conceptual Approaches in the Regional Segment Assessment the Energy Security State of Decentralized Territories of the Northeast of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 05018
Author(s):  
Stepan Reev ◽  
Violetta Kiushkina ◽  
Boris Lukutin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Management System ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
The North ◽  
Risk Management System ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Decentralized Energy ◽  
Supply Systems

In order to timely identify threats and risks to energy security and promptly respond to them and the dynamics of their change, the Energy Security Doctrine provides for the formation of a risk management system. The significant heterogeneity of the regions of the Russian Federation, including with a special specificity of the territories of the North and the Arctic zones and the predominance of decentralized energy supply in them, justifies the need for the formation of a regional segment of the assessment that provides for and takes into account these differences in detailing the sphere and the monitoring process itself. The paper presents proposals on the formation of the structure of a separate module of the regional segment for assessing the energy security of isolated areas, separate research modules and indicators for assessing decentralized power supply systems from the standpoint of ensuring energy security. One of the approaches to the formation of the structure of a single information space of the regional segment of the risk management system is proposed.

Energy security in the Arctic

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Magnus DeWitt ◽  
Hlynur Stefánsson ◽  
Ágúst Valfells
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
The Arctic

scholarly journals Matrix of Vulnerability of Decentralized Areas to Local Energy Security Risks in the Northern and Arctic Zones in the Structural Set of Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 06012
Author(s):  
Violetta Kiushkina ◽  
Boris Lukutin
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Local Energy ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Dynamic Type ◽  
Northern Regions

The tension of the state of decentralized power supply systems in the northern regions, including the Arctic zones, has always been determined by the specific features of their geographical location and the functioning of the economy, which in themselves generate a number of local energy security risks. Nevertheless, both modern and retrospective analysis of energy zones in isolated hard-to-reach territories retains an assessment of the crisis of the situation without the dynamic type of its improvement in ensuring energy security. The aggregate analysis of the formed risk matrix with the heterogeneous nature of their sources, the categorization of the depth of consequences and the probability of implementation, made it possible to obtain a map of local risks of energy security in decentralized regions. On the basis of this, an approach and structure of a set of recommendations for improving energy security is presented in the model of combining the rank of the indicator’s importance, the priority of risks and the expected social, environmental and economic effects in a reasonable option for choosing solutions and recommended measures to ensure a stable state and development of decentralized zones of power supply and energy facilities of territories Northern regions and Arctic zones.

scholarly journals Danish Straits versus Turkish Straits: The Potential Impact of Prospective Russian Oil Exports

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-239
Author(s):  
Mehmet Efe Biresselioglu ◽  
Muhittin Hakan Demir ◽  
Sinem Dönmez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The Arctic Region

The Danish Straits, which connect Baltic Sea to North Sea as an oil transit choke point, are becoming vastly important as a gateway to Europe for Russian oil exports. In terms of the future source of Russian oil, the country is estimated to hold half of the total Arctic resources. This indicates the forthcoming increase in the importance of Danish Straits in the global energy security. Besides, two additional alternative and important choke points are located in Turkey, which are the Straits of Bosporus and Dardanelles, known as Turkish Straits. These straits are also one of the significant exit points of Russian oil exports but as Russia shifted its direction of oil exports toward Baltic ports, the strategic position of Turkish Straits have been affected from this transition as well. It is an open question whether the Turkish Straits will continue to be the outlet of Russian oil exports or the Danish Straits will take over that position in line with the oil resources development in the Arctic Region. This study aims to analyse the Turkish and Danish Straits and establish their significance in terms of energy security. The current and future oil export strategies of Russia on the existing chokepoints are also discussed, with special emphasis on the potential impacts of Arctic development as Russia continues with the exploration and extraction of Arctic oil resources.

scholarly journals Legal Problems of Spatial Development of the Arctic Ecological Zone of the Russian Federation

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
N. G. Zhavoronkova ◽  
V. B. Agafonov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
The Russian Federation

The paper considers the strategic directions of legal support for the spatial development of the Arctic ecological zone of the Russian Federation. It is proved that a key principle of the development of the Arctic is the principle of preservation and the balance between economic activity, human presence and conservation of the environment. Therefore, the existing strategic planning documents defining strategic guidelines for spatial development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation shall be brought into compliance with the basic documents of state strategic planning in the field of environmental protection and ecological safety, as well as in national, economic, and other types of security. The authors substantiate the conclusion that it is necessary to develop and adopt a separate strategy for marine (aquatic) spatial development, which contains key types of economic specialization in relation to individual water areas, promising marine reference zones of economic growth, as well as the main directions for environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety. According to the authors, the implementation of the tasks specified in the strategy of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to determine the status of the whole Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (strategic, environmental, economic, social, etc.), and, given the special international and national status of the Arctic, its special position as a testing ground for ideas and environmental-economic investments, to develop and adopt the basic law "On environmental Arctic zone of the Russian Federation" or to integrate environmental requirements into the project of the Federal law "On the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation".

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