Contribution Towards Smart Cities: Exploring Block Level Census Data for the Characterization of Change in Lisbon

2017 ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Fernando José Ferreira Lucas Bação ◽  
Roberto Henriques ◽  
Jorge Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Block Level

scholarly journals Fine-Grained Large-Scale Vulnerable Communities Mapping via Satellite Imagery and Population Census Using Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3603
Author(s):  
Joaquín Salas ◽  
Pablo Vera ◽  
Marivel Zea-Ortiz ◽  
Elio-Atenogenes Villaseñor ◽  
Dagoberto Pulido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Definition Of

One of the challenges in the fight against poverty is the precise localization and assessment of vulnerable communities’ sprawl. The characterization of vulnerability is traditionally accomplished using nationwide census exercises, a burdensome process that requires field visits by trained personnel. Unfortunately, most countrywide censuses exercises are conducted only sporadically, making it difficult to track the short-term effect of policies to reduce poverty. This paper introduces a definition of vulnerability following UN-Habitat criteria, assesses different CNN machine learning architectures, and establishes a mapping between satellite images and survey data. Starting with the information corresponding to the 2,178,508 residential blocks recorded in the 2010 Mexican census and multispectral Landsat-7 images, multiple CNN architectures are explored. The best performance is obtained with EfficientNet-B3 achieving an area under the ROC and Precision-Recall curves of 0.9421 and 0.9457, respectively. This article shows that publicly available information, in the form of census data and satellite images, along with standard CNN architectures, may be employed as a stepping stone for the countrywide characterization of vulnerability at the residential block level.

La structure de classes québécoise au 19e siècle et le problème de l'articulation des modes de production

1981 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-518
Author(s):  
Gérald Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
New France ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Single Class ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Empirical Demonstration ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Impact

The study of social classes in the nineteenth century requires the development of conceptual tools able to explain the impact of the Conquest on the pre-existant social structures in determining transformations of the class structure during the subsequent decades.This article examines the work done on this question by Marxist writers. The author criticizes certain conclusions which have been drawn and which suggest deficiencies at a theoretical level. The objections relate to the marked tendency of these conclusions to perceive the structural effects of the Conquest in terms of the formation of a double-class structure characterized by “ethnic origins.” Specifically, the author challenges the notion of the division itself, as well as the criterion on which the division is based.The author proposes that an analysis centred upon the concepts relating to a problem of the transition and linkage of different modes of production permits a more satisfying interpretation, if accompanied by a certain number of considerations of the “upside” and “downside” of the Conquest. To this end, the argument is based on a characterization of New France in terms of the domination of the relations of production of the feudal type and on an analysis of metropolitan centres with intent to evaluate their level of capitalist development at the moment of their respective colonial penetration in Canada. The results of this approach permit one to posit the existence of a single-class structure, characterized principally by the existence of elements connecting diverse modes and forms of production, whose origin reflects the unequal state of economic development in the two metropolitan centres.The empirical demonstration rests on the census data of 1851–1852 and on the complementary information drawn from the works of historians.

scholarly journals The Importance of Scale in Using Hierarchical Census Data to Identify the Wildland–Urban Interface

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangjian Zhang ◽  
Michael C. Wimberly
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Multiple Scale ◽  
County Level ◽  
Census Block ◽  
Wildland Urban Interface ◽  
Small Unit ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Block Area

Abstract Census data in combination with GIS are increasingly being used to analyze urban expansion and develop models for identifying landscape change in the urban fringe. Census data are aggregated along the large-to-small-unit gradient of county, tract, census block group (CBG), and census block. The multiple scale availability often confounds the selection of an appropriate level of data in research pertinent to using census data. This study addressed the modifiable areal unit problem of census data through comparing spatial pattern and area of wildland-urban interface (WUI) determined at different levels of census aggregation (county, census tract, CBG, and census block). Total WUI area in each single year decreased along the shrinking census unit gradient from county to census block. Area converted from wildland to WUI between 1990 and 2000 decreased along the census gradient of the tract, CBG, census block, county level. The number of WUI patches decreased, and area of WUI patches increased along the decreasing census gradient of county, tract, CBG, block. In contrast to 60% of WUI blocks falling inside WUI CBGs or tracts, more than 80% of WUI tracts fell inside WUI counties, and 76.8% of WUI CBGs fell inside WUI tracts. WUI at the block level showed a different spatial pattern from those at the tract and CBG levels in that it represented more spatial detail. County-level data tended to overestimate WUI area while underestimating area converted to WUI. The study concluded that coarse sale data, such as those at the county level, were suitable for detecting a regional pattern. Fine-scale data, such as those at the census block level, need to be used in addressing issues at a landscape pattern.

Evaluation Wetlands Ecosystem Health using Geospatial Technology: Evidence from Lower Gangetic Flood Plain in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhasis Das ◽  
Gouri Sankar Bhunia ◽  
Biswajit Bera ◽  
Pravat K Shit
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Wetland Ecosystem ◽  
Health Index ◽  
Floodplain Wetlands ◽  
Block Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Landsat Satellite

Abstract The lower Gangetic flood plain of West Bengal occupies diversified riverine and floodplain wetlands. These wetlands played a significant role maintain ecosystem health and supports for human wellbeing. This paper presents the health of wetland ecosystem by comprising the wetland ecosystem health index (WEHI) in 2011 and 2018 at block level of Malda district, as a part of lower Gangetioc flood plain using pressure – state – response model (PSR model) and AHP method. A total number of six Landsat satellite images and statistical census data were used to determine the wetland. Wetlands are classified as very healthy, healthy, sub-healthy, unhealthy and sick category on the basis of wetland ecosystem health index score. Results showed the health of wetland ecosystem has slightly decreased from 2011 to 2018. 13.33% of blocks are fall under sick category in 2011. 26.67% block are comes under very healthy category in 2011 but it decrease to 20% in 2018. The heath of wetland ecosystem in Harischandrapur – II, Ratua-II, Maldah (Old), English Bazar, Bamongola, Habibpur, Chanchal-I and Kaliachak – II blocks are degrading from 2011 to 2018. This may be attributed to the increasing urbanization rate and associated growth of infrastructure. Developing local level institutions is useful measures to manage wetland resource; and protect biodiversity should be guided by the Government organization and NGOs for its mitigation measure.

scholarly journals Linking Geosocial Sensing with the Socio-Demographic Fabric of Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Frank O. Ostermann
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Local Cluster ◽  
Urban Quality Of Life ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Document Frequency

Technological advances have enabled new sources of geoinformation, such as geosocial media, and have supported the propagation of the concept of smart cities. This paper argues that a city cannot be smart without citizens in the loop, and that a geosocial sensor might be one component to achieve that. First, we need to better understand which facets of urban life could be detected by a geosocial sensor, and how to calibrate it. This requires replicable studies that foster longitudinal and comparative research. Consequently, this paper examines the relationship between geosocial media content and socio-demographic census data for a global city, London, at two administrative levels. It aims for a transparent study design to encourage replication, using Term Frequency—Inverse Document Frequency of keywords, rule-based and word-embedding sentiment analysis, and local cluster analysis. The findings of limited links between geosocial media content and socio-demographic characteristics support earlier critiques on the utility of geosocial media for smart city planning purposes. The paper concludes that passive listening to publicly available geosocial media, in contrast to pro-active engagement with citizens, seems of limited use to understand and improve urban quality of life.

Enabling residential hybrid water systems through a water credit–debit system

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2131-2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fornarelli ◽  
M. Anda ◽  
S. Dallas ◽  
M. Schmack ◽  
F. Dawood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analytics ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Smart Metering ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Consumption Data

Abstract Smart metering and data analytics enable the implementation of a range of on-site infrastructures for energy, water and waste management to demonstrate the interconnected infrastructure of future smart cities. A research project in Western Australia is integrating smart metering technology, household participation and data analytics. An improved understanding of hybrid water systems at residential scale, as socially accepted solutions to promote water efficiency and economic savings, within the traditional centralized urban water network is achieved. An integrated water model and a system of water credits and debits are developed and tested on a case study for which 10-minute logged water consumption data of its hybrid water system are available for 1 year. The model is shown to provide a full characterization of the relationship between the household and the water resources, thus assisting with improved urban water management which promotes the rollout of decentralized hybrid water systems whilst accounting for the impacts on the aquifer as an ecosystem service provider.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Analysis of Carbon Emissions and Carbon Storage Using National Geography Census Data in Wuhan, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Liu ◽  
Xiangyun Hu ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Anqi Zhang ◽  
Jieting Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Block Level

Mapping changes in carbon emissions and carbon storage (CECS) with high precision at a small scale (urban street-block level) can improve governmental policy decisions with respect to the construction of low-carbon cities. In this study, a methodological framework for assessing the carbon budget and its spatiotemporal changes from 2015 to 2017 in Wuhan is proposed, which is able to monitor a large area. To estimate the carbon storage, a comprehensive coefficient model was adopted with carbon density factors and corresponding land cover types. Details regarding land cover were extracted from the Geographic National Census Data (GNCD), including forests, grasslands, croplands, and gardens. For the carbon emissions, an emission-factor model was first used and a spatialization operation was subsequently performed using the geographic location that was obtained from the GNCD. The carbon emissions that were identified in the study are from fossil-fuel consumption, industrial production processes, disposal of urban domestic refuse, and transportation. The final dynamic changes in the CECS, in addition to the net carbon emissions, were monitored and analyzed, yielding temporal and spatial maps with a high-precision at a small scale. The results showed that the carbon storage in Wuhan declined by 2.70% over the three years, whereas the carbon emissions initially increased by 0.2%, and subsequently decreased by 3.1% over this period. The trend in the net carbon emission changes was similar to that of the carbon emissions, demonstrating that the efficiency of carbon reduction was improved during this period. Precise spatiotemporal results at the street-block level can offer insights to governments that are engaged in urban carbon cycle decision making processes, improving their capacities to more effectively manage the spatial distribution of CECS.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Male Female Disparity in Literacy of Purulia and North 24 Parganas District in West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Chandra Shekhar Sarkar, Aritra Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
State Government ◽  
Census Data ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Scheduled Castes ◽  
Purulia District ◽  
Caste Groups ◽  
Disparity Index

The present article focuses on a comparative study of the male-female disparity in literacy of two districts Purulia and North 24 Parganas in West Bengal, India. The Census data of 2011 has been used in this regard. The literacy rate has been calculated for the population above six-year, and Sopher’s Disparity index (1974) has been applied to measure the male-female disparity in literacy. The study examines the block-level male-female disparity in literacy among non-Schedule Caste (none-SC ST), Scheduled Castes (SC), and Scheduled Tribes (ST). The study highlights that North 24 Parganas is far ahead in terms of literacy than Purulia district. However, there is wide variation in block-level male-female disparity in literacy among the three-caste groups in both the districts. In block-level, the Bundwan block of Purulia district and Barasat-I and Deganga block of North 24 Parganas district occupies a remarkable place in terms of the male-female disparity in literacy among each three-caste group. Conversely, Jhalda-II block in Purulia and Hingalganj block of North 24 Parganas is the most backward block in terms of the male-female disparity in literacy among the all-caste groups. Although the Central and the State Government have taken various schemes to enhance literacy rates and eliminated the male-female disparity in education, more suitable steps need to be followed to implement appropriate measures towards education, especially for the women and other marginalised sections of the society.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document