Hope, Despair and Everything in Between – Parental Expectations of Educational Transition for Young Children with Intellectual Disability

Author(s):  
Jenny Wilder ◽  
Anne Lillvist
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Mientje Ratoe Oedjoe ◽  
Beatriks Novianti Bunga

Physical development in some children with intellectual disability could be delayed. This physical delays can trouble their movement skills. Therefore these children need practices that could improve their gross motoric skills. This research aimed to try out Sikodoka game in order to improve gross motor skills in young children with intellectual disability. Method used was class action research conducted in two cycles and four meetings. Research participants were three young children aged seven to nine years old. The research was conducted in August 2016 taking palce in Kelapa Lima Special Needs School, Kupang. Data collection techniques used were observation and test. Gross motor skills indicators were jumping with one foot skill, jumping with both feet, keeping body balance while collecting “era”, tossing “era” correctly inside the square, and grasping “era” skillfully. Results showed that there was improvement in gross motor skills with mean improvement from pre-cycle 38% increased 23% to 61% in cycle 1. From cycle 1 to cycle 2 improved again 43% making the condition after cycle 2 was 95%. According to the evaluation, recommendations to teachers are to be sensitive to children’s condition that are easy to be divided in their focus, using reward system to attract children’s attention, need to compliment more, uses clapping variations to recover children’s focus, reducing activities that could trigger loud activities, using simple languages, dividing sentences that are clear and not long, and reprating games because children with intellectual disability are easy to forget.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junying Yuan ◽  
Bohao Zhang ◽  
Yiran Xu ◽  
Xiaoli Zhang ◽  
Juan Song ◽  
...  

Background: Lithium is a well-established treatment for bipolar disorders and has been shown to be neuroprotective, and thus low doses might be useful for the treatment of childhood brain injury and neurological sequelae. However, pharmacokinetic (PK) data in children are limited. This study was to investigate the PKs after oral administration of low-dose lithium carbonate in young children with intellectual disability.Methods: Fifty-two children with intellectual disability aged 4–10 years old were enrolled. A series of blood samples were collected after a single-dose administration of lithium carbonate. The serum lithium concentration was measured using a validated ion chromatography assay, and the PK concentration data were modeled using a nonlinear mixed effect model in the NONMEM program.Results: The lithium concentration over time was adequately described by a two-compartment disposition, with a transient absorption and first-order elimination process. The inclusion of body weight as an allometric factor significantly improved the model fit, but age and gender were not associated with the PKs of lithium. The clearance, central volume, inter-compartmental clearance, and peripheral volume estimates from the final population PK model were 0.98 L/h, 13.1 L, 0.84 L/h, and 8.2 L for children with a body weight of 20 kg. The model evaluation suggested that there is no obvious discrepancy between the observations and predictions in the proposed model. A visual predictive check demonstrated the good predictive performance of the final model.Conclusions: The lithium PK properties in young children were similar to those in older children and adults. The proposed model can be used for further PK/PD analysis to optimize the dosage regimen of lithium in children.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Beatriks Novianti Kiling-Bunga ◽  
Kresensia Wea Aga Ngawas ◽  
Indra Yohanes Kiling

<p>World Health Organization dan United Nations Children’s Fund telah menyatakan pada tahun 2012 bahwa agenda global mereka adalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) inklusif, salah satunya untuk meningkatkan partisipasi dan perkembangan anak-anak dengan disabilitas. Salah satu hal penting untuk agenda ini adalah pemahaman terhadap berbagai kebutuhan khusus anak-anak dengan berbagai jenis disabilitas mental, seperti retardasi mental atau saat ini dikenal sebagai disabilitas intelektual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan secara naratif mengenai perilaku prososial anak muda dengan disabilitas intelektual di sekolah khusus Pembina Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan observasi pada anak dan wawancara dengan orangtua, sebagai teknik utama untuk mengumpulkan data. Penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa perilaku prososial pada anak-anak dengan disabilitas intelektual dibagi menjadi empat aspek, yaitu: a) kemampuan untuk bergabung dengan grup, b) tindakan yang mendukung perilaku prososial, c) empati dan peduli, serta d) penyesuaian diri. Perilaku ini ditunjukkan dalam kegiatan seharihari anak, kebiasaannya, dipengaruhi oleh budaya dan kegiatan sehari-hari dari orangtua dan saudaranya, juga oleh interaksi dengan teman-teman dan keluarganya. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi penting tentang pengelolaan interaksi sosial dalam PAUD inklusif dengan menempatkan penekanan dalam empat aspek yang dijelaskan di atas, dan juga peran orangtua dan pengajar PAUD dalam kegiatan yang bisa membantu merangsang kebutuhan spesifik dari keterampilan sosial pada anakanak dengan disabilitas intelektual.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: prososial; anak-anak; disabiltas intelektual</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Kresensia Wea Aga Ngawas ◽  
Beatriks Novianti Kiling-Bunga ◽  
Indra Yohanes Kiling

World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund havestated in year 2012 that one of their global agenda is to fulfill the needs of inclusive Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) to increase the participation and development of young children with disabilities. One of important things for the agenda are understanding various special needs of young children with various kind of mental disability, such as mental retardation or nowadays known as intellectual disability. This research aims to narratively describe the prosocial behaviors of a young child with intellectual disability in special school of Pembina Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. This research used qualitative approach with child observation and interview to the parents as the main technique to gather data. This research shows that prosocial behaviors in young children with intellectual disability are divided into four aspects, those are: a) the ability to join groups, b) supportive acts, c) empathy and caring, and d) self-adjustment. These behaviors were shown in the child’s dailyactivities, her habits, affected by the culture and daily activities of her parents and siblings, and also by the interaction with her friends and family. This research could give important information about the importance of managing the social interaction in inclusive ECCD by putting emphasis in four aspects described above, and also the role of parents and ECCD tutors in facilitating activities that could help stimulate specific needs of social skills in young children with intellectual disability.


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