Evaluating Risks and Establishing Food Safety Objectives and Performance Objectives

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-62
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 45-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Roden ◽  
W. Haresign ◽  
J. M. L. Anderson

At a time of high public awareness of food safety issues, particularly with respect to transmissable encephalopathies, and a government policy to eradicate scrapie, there is increasing pressure for breeders to select for scrapie resistance in sheep. Genetic variation has been identified at the PrP locus that confers differing degrees of susceptibility to scrapie. In the Suffolk breed this variation is confined to amino acid variations at codon 171, resulting in two alleles R and Q. Animals with the genotype RR and RQ show a greater degree of resistance to scrapie than animals with genotype QQ (Hunter, Moore, Hosie, Dingwall and Greig, 1997).Genotyping of pedigree animals has now become routine for many breeders and RR animals are favoured. It is, however, unknown whether there is a relationship between PrP genotype and performance traits. The objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between PrP genotype at codon 171 and the performance traits included in the Lean Index (Simm and Dingwall, 1989), which is used for selection in the Suffolk breed.


Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawna Marie Hubert ◽  
Morouj Al-Ajeeli ◽  
Christopher A. Bailey ◽  
Giridhar Athrey

The gut microbiota of chicken has received much attention due to its importance for bird health, food safety, and performance. In the United States, the impending transition to cage-free housing environments has raised many questions about its consequences for poultry health, productivity, and welfare. Therefore, we investigated how housing environments and feed composition affect the poultry gut microbiome. Such data is necessary to inform the design of production systems that promote health and food safety. In this study, we investigated the cecal microbiome of both caged and cage-free laying hens that were fed either an industry-standard soy-based versus a soy-free diet. Caged hens were housed in standard industry-style layer cages with one bird per cage, and cage-free hens were housed in a poultry barn with an outdoor enclosed yard with multiple hens per pen. Our study showed significant differences in the gut microbiota between cage-free and caged environments. Cage free housing generated higher diversity compared to caged housing. Furthermore, we observed a synergistic interaction of soy-based feed in cage-free housing, as the cage-free soy group showed the highest alpha diversity, whereas the caged-soy group showed the lowest diversity overall.


2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1896-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN-CHARLES LE VALLÉE ◽  
SYLVAIN CHARLEBOIS

Food safety data segmentation and limitations hamper the world's ability to select, build up, monitor, and evaluate food safety performance. Currently, there is no metric that captures the entire food safety system, and performance data are not collected strategically on a global scale. Therefore, food safety benchmarking is essential not only to help monitor ongoing performance but also to inform continued food safety system design, adoption, and implementation toward more efficient and effective food safety preparedness, responsiveness, and accountability. This comparative study identifies and evaluates common elements among global food safety systems. It provides an overall world ranking of food safety performance for 17 Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) countries, illustrated by 10 indicators organized across three food safety risk governance domains: risk assessment (chemical risks, microbial risks, and national reporting on food consumption), risk management (national food safety capacities, food recalls, food traceability, and radionuclides standards), and risk communication (allergenic risks, labeling, and public trust). Results show all countries have very high food safety standards, but Canada and Ireland, followed by France, earned excellent grades relative to their peers. However, any subsequent global ranking study should consider the development of survey instruments to gather adequate and comparable national evidence on food safety.


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