Dynamic Generative Model of the Human Brain in Resting-State

2017 ◽  
pp. 1271-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dali Guo ◽  
Viplove Arora ◽  
Enrico Amico ◽  
Joaquín Goñi ◽  
Mario Ventresca
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Generative Model

scholarly journals Ferumoxytol enhanced resting state fMRI and relative cerebral blood volume mapping in normal human brain

NeuroImage ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 200-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen D'Arceuil ◽  
Alexandre Coimbra ◽  
Pamela Triano ◽  
Margaret Dougherty ◽  
Julie Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Normal Human Brain ◽  
Relative Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Normal Human

scholarly journals Neuronal dynamics enable the functional differentiation of resting state networks in the human brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1445-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Marino ◽  
Quanying Liu ◽  
Jessica Samogin ◽  
Franca Tecchio ◽  
Carlo Cottone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Neuronal Dynamics

scholarly journals Altered Weibull Degree Distribution in Resting-State Functional Brain Networks Is Associated With Cognitive Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Chen ◽  
Xinyuan Liang ◽  
Zhijiang Wang ◽  
Teng Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Connectivity Degree

The topological organization of human brain networks can be mathematically characterized by the connectivity degree distribution of network nodes. However, there is no clear consensus on whether the topological structure of brain networks follows a power law or other probability distributions, and whether it is altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we employed resting-state functional MRI and graph theory approaches to investigate the fitting of degree distributions of the whole-brain functional networks and seven subnetworks in healthy subjects and individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), i.e., the prodromal stage of AD, and whether they are altered and correlated with cognitive performance in patients. Forty-one elderly cognitively healthy controls and 30 aMCI subjects were included. We constructed functional connectivity matrices among brain voxels and examined nodal degree distributions that were fitted by maximum likelihood estimation. In the whole-brain networks and all functional subnetworks, the connectivity degree distributions were fitted better by the Weibull distribution [f(x)~x(β−1)e(−λxβ)] than power law or power law with exponential cutoff. Compared with the healthy control group, the aMCI group showed lower Weibull β parameters (shape factor) in both the whole-brain networks and all seven subnetworks (false-discovery rate-corrected, p < 0.05). These decreases of the Weibull β parameters in the whole-brain networks and all subnetworks except for ventral attention were associated with reduced cognitive performance in individuals with aMCI. Thus, we provided a short-tailed model to capture intrinsic connectivity structure of the human brain functional networks in health and disease.

scholarly journals The Impact of Cannabidiol on Human Brain Function: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Batalla ◽  
Julian Bos ◽  
Amber Postma ◽  
Matthijs G. Bossong
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that the non-intoxicating cannabinoid compound cannabidiol (CBD) may have antipsychotic and anxiolytic properties, and thus may be a promising new agent in the treatment of psychotic and anxiety disorders. However, the neurobiological substrates underlying the potential therapeutic effects of CBD are still unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a detailed and up-to-date systematic literature overview of neuroimaging studies that investigated the acute impact of CBD on human brain function.Methods: Papers published until May 2020 were included from PubMed following a comprehensive search strategy and pre-determined set of criteria for article selection. We included studies that examined the effects of CBD on brain function of healthy volunteers and individuals diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, comprising both the effects of CBD alone as well as in direct comparison to those induced by ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component of Cannabis.Results: One-ninety four studies were identified, of which 17 met inclusion criteria. All studies investigated the acute effects of CBD on brain function during resting state or in the context of cognitive tasks. In healthy volunteers, acute CBD enhanced fronto-striatal resting state connectivity, both compared to placebo and THC. Furthermore, CBD modulated brain activity and had opposite effects when compared to THC following task-specific patterns during various cognitive paradigms, such as emotional processing (fronto-temporal), verbal memory (fronto-striatal), response inhibition (fronto-limbic-striatal), and auditory/visual processing (temporo-occipital). In individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis and patients with established psychosis, acute CBD showed intermediate brain activity compared to placebo and healthy controls during cognitive task performance. CBD modulated resting limbic activity in subjects with anxiety and metabolite levels in patients with autism spectrum disorders.Conclusion: Neuroimaging studies have shown that acute CBD induces significant alterations in brain activity and connectivity patterns during resting state and performance of cognitive tasks in both healthy volunteers and patients with a psychiatric disorder. This included modulation of functional networks relevant for psychiatric disorders, possibly reflecting CBD’s therapeutic effects. Future studies should consider replication of findings and enlarge the inclusion of psychiatric patients, combining longer-term CBD treatment with neuroimaging assessments.

scholarly journals Unilateral thalamic glioma disrupts large-scale functional architecture of human brain during resting state

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 947-956
Author(s):  
Sirui Li ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yawen Ao ◽  
Haibo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Architecture ◽  
Thalamic Glioma

scholarly journals Amplitude of fNIRS Resting-State Global Signal Is Related to EEG Vigilance Measures: A Simultaneous fNIRS and EEG Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Chen ◽  
Julia Tang ◽  
Yafen Chen ◽  
Jesse Farrand ◽  
Melissa A. Craft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Global Signal ◽  
Eeg Data

Recently, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been utilized to image the hemodynamic activities and connectivity in the human brain. With the advantage of economic efficiency, portability, and fewer physical constraints, fNIRS enables studying of the human brain at versatile environment and various body positions, including at bed side and during exercise, which complements the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, like fMRI, fNIRS imaging can be influenced by the presence of a strong global component. Yet, the nature of the global signal in fNIRS has not been established. In this study, we investigated the relationship between fNIRS global signal and electroencephalogram (EEG) vigilance using simultaneous recordings in resting healthy subjects in high-density and whole-head montage. In Experiment 1, data were acquired at supine, sitting, and standing positions. Results found that the factor of body positions significantly affected the amplitude of the resting-state fNIRS global signal, prominently in the frequency range of 0.05–0.1 Hz but not in the very low frequency range of less than 0.05 Hz. As a control, the task-induced fNIRS or EEG responses to auditory stimuli did not differ across body positions. However, EEG vigilance plays a modulatory role in the fNIRS signals in the frequency range of less than 0.05 Hz: resting-state sessions of low EEG vigilance measures are associated with high amplitudes of fNIRS global signals. Moreover, in Experiment 2, we further examined the epoch-to-epoch fluctuations in concurrent fNIRS and EEG data acquired from a separate group of subjects and found a negative temporal correlation between EEG vigilance measures and fNIRS global signal amplitudes. Our study for the first time revealed that vigilance as a neurophysiological factor modulates the resting-state dynamics of fNIRS, which have important implications for understanding and processing the noises in fNIRS signals.

scholarly journals Characterizing Complex Networks Using Entropy-Degree Diagrams: Unveiling Changes in Functional Brain Connectivity Induced by Ayahuasca

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Viol ◽  
Fernanda Palhano-Fontes ◽  
Heloisa Onias ◽  
Draulio de Araujo ◽  
Philipp Hövel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
Empirical Networks ◽  
Emergent Behaviors

With the aim of further advancing the understanding of the human brain’s functional connectivity, we propose a network metric which we term the geodesic entropy. This metric quantifies the Shannon entropy of the distance distribution to a specific node from all other nodes. It allows to characterize the influence exerted on a specific node considering statistics of the overall network structure. The measurement and characterization of this structural information has the potential to greatly improve our understanding of sustained activity and other emergent behaviors in networks. We apply this method to study how the psychedelic infusion Ayahuasca affects the functional connectivity of the human brain in resting state. We show that the geodesic entropy is able to differentiate functional networks of the human brain associated with two different states of consciousness in the awaking resting state: (i) the ordinary state and (ii) a state altered by ingestion of the Ayahuasca. The functional brain networks from subjects in the altered state have, on average, a larger geodesic entropy compared to the ordinary state. Finally, we discuss why the geodesic entropy may bring even further valuable insights into the study of the human brain and other empirical networks.

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