A Brief History of Blood and Lymphatic Vessels

Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic infection found in patients with impaired immunity. Under favourable conditions the parasite can spread via the blood stream or lymphatic vessels and cause extrapulmonary dissemination. We report a case of P carinii infection presenting as bilateral aural polyps, otitis media and mastoiditis in human immunodeficiency (HIV)-positive patient with no history of prior or concomitant P carinii infection.

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FLT4 Mutations Are Associated with Segmental Lymphatic Dysfunction and Initial Lymphatic Aplasia in Patients with Milroy Disease

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12101611 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1611

Author(s):

Ningfei Liu ◽

Minzhe Gao

Keyword(s):

Tyrosine Kinase ◽

Protein Tyrosine Kinase ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Lymphatic Vessels ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Kinase Domain ◽

Tyrosine Kinase Domain ◽

Missense Mutations ◽

History Of ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

This study explored mutations in the Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 gene (FLT4) and lymphatic defects in patients with Milroy disease (MD). Twenty-nine patients with lower limb lymphedema were enrolled. Sixteen patients had a familial history of MD, while 13 patients exhibited sporadic MD. Clinical signs, FLT4 mutations, indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography findings, and skin tissue immunohistochemical staining results were evaluated. Twenty-eight variants in FLT4 were identified. Twelve of these have previously been reported, while 16 are novel. Of the 28 variants, 26 are missense mutations, and the remaining two comprise a splicing mutation and a non-frame shift mutation. Twenty-five variants are located in the intracellular protein tyrosine kinase domain; three are located in the extracellular immunoglobulin domain. Substantially delayed contrast-enhanced tortuous lymphatic vessels were visualized to the ankle or knee level in 15 of 23 patients who underwent ICG lymphography. No initial lymphatic vessels were visualized in skin specimens from four patients who did not exhibit lymphatic vessels during imaging analyses. No specific variant was identified in relation to the unique clinical phenotype. Segmental dysfunction of lymphatic vessels and initial lymphatic aplasia are present in MD patients with FLT4 mutations.

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The history of sentinel node biopsy in head and neck cancer: From visualization of lymphatic vessels to sentinel nodes

Oral Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.06.006 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 51 (9) ◽

pp. 819-823 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Remco de Bree ◽

Omgo E. Nieweg

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Sentinel Node ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Sentinel Node Biopsy ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Lymphatic Vessels ◽

Sentinel Nodes ◽

Node Biopsy ◽

History Of

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Atypical Presentation of Central Venous Occlusion (CVO) Disease

Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science ◽

10.15520/ijmhs.v9i1.2415 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 268-270

Author(s):

Rosnelifaizur R*,Aizat Sabri I, Krishna K,Lenny SS,Azim I, H Harunarashid

Keyword(s):

Superior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Lymphatic Vessels ◽

Venous Access ◽

Venous Occlusion ◽

Intermittent Fever ◽

Fluid Analysis ◽

History Of ◽

The Right ◽

End Stage

We reported a case of 58 years old gentleman who known case of end stage renal failure and had history of Right IJC cannulation of venous access on 2012, presented with recurrent shortness of breath, chesty cough and intermittent fever. Otherwise he got no hemoptysis, no recent contact with PTB patients and no joint pain. The same presentation occurred last month with a pleural tapping was done and claimed it was a milky content. No further investigation was done at that moment. This current presentation noted a dullness in percussion up to midzone of right lung and reduce air entry on auscultation as well. The pigtail catheter was inserted over the right pleural space and it was confirmed as a chylothorax with a present of cholesterol in a pleural fluid analysis. Computed tomography of the thorax showed complete occlusion of the superior vena cava with an established collateral circulation. Lymphangiogram revealed lipiodol seen opacified lymph node and lymphatic vessels until the level of T3 on the right and T5 on the left. There was no obvious lipiodol opacification seen at the region of the right thorax. Effusion was improved after the instillation of fibrinolytic agent and the the chest radiograph shows improvement.

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Review of the theories of gastroschisis pathogenesis

Paediatric Surgery Ukraine ◽

10.15574/ps.2020.69.86 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 86-89

Author(s):

A.A. Pereyaslov ◽

Keyword(s):

Embryonic Development ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Conflict Of Interest ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Lymphatic Vessels ◽

Vascular Compression ◽

Vascular Disorders ◽

Mesenteric Root ◽

History Of ◽

Key Words Gastroschisis

Gastroschisis and omphalocele are the most common congenital malformations of the abdominal wall that required surgical correction. Despite of the long history of the gastroschisis’ study, there is no generally accepted theory of the pathogenesis of this malformation. There are numerous theories of the pathogenesis of gastroschisis discussed in the modern literature: disorders of differentiation of embrionic mesenchyme as the result of teratogenic influence on the early stages of the embryonic development; rupture of amniotic membrane at the base of the umbilical cord; vascular disorders during of the embryonic development; disorders of the yolk-sac escape. Each of existing theories has its supporters and opponents. It is no generally accepted theory of the pathogenesis of gastroschisis. Most likely is the rupture of physiological hernia along the umbilical cord in its pars flaccid, with the subsequent elongation of the midgut out of the abdominal cavity with the vascular compression, especially of venous and lymphatic vessels. Narrow mesenteric root and narrow-sized defect may contribute to various complications that jeopardize the ultimate prognosis. Further studies are needed to finalize the pathogenesis of gastroschisis. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: gastroschisis, pathogenesis, vascular disorders, embryonic disorders.

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A case of volvulus of the small intestine with chylous ascites in which strangulation was successfully relieved using a long intestinal tube: A case report

Journal of Case Reports in Medicine ◽

10.25149/case-reports.v8i1.160 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Hideki Shibata

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Lymphatic Vessels ◽

Chylous Ascites ◽

Emergency Laparotomy ◽

Intestinal Tube ◽

Ischemic Change ◽

Long Intestinal Tube ◽

Unusual Phenomenon ◽

History Of

Background:Chylous ascites has been uncommonly observed with bowel obstruction. This unusual phenomenon may be secondary to various disease processes with a correct diagnosis seldom made preoperatively. Case presentation: The patient was a 64-year-old man with a medical history of distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer over 30 years ago. We diagnosed him with internal volvulus by several examinations and decided to perform emergency laparotomy. His abdominal pain improved markedly after inserting a long intestinal tube. At laparotomy, there was a large amount of chylous ascites in the abdomen. Despite an edematous small intestine with prominent lymphatic vessels, the cause of the volvulus was unclear, and there was also no evidence of ischemic change in the small intestine. A biochemical analysis of the peritoneal fluid revealed elevated values of triglyceride levels. Conclusion:We experienced a case of volvulus of the small intestine with chylous ascites in which strangulation was successfully relieved using a long intestinal tube.

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Primary Congenital Lymphedema Complicated by Hydrops Fetalis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/2013/186173 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Paul Singh ◽

Matthew Connell

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Lymphatic Vessels ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Hydrops Fetalis ◽

Molecular Testing ◽

Ultrasound Findings ◽

History Of ◽

Lymphatic Dysplasia ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Introduction. Primary congenital lymphedema is a rare disorder associated with insufficient development of lymphatic vessels. Usually most patients present with lower extremity edema seen sonographically. Rarely primary congenital lymphedema may be associated with severe lymphatic dysfunction resulting in hydrops fetalis.Case. A 27-year-old primigravida with a family history of leg swelling throughout multiple generations was diagnosed early in the third trimester with hydrops fetalis. Delivery was undertaken at 32 weeks for nonreassuring fetal status and the infant expired at approximately 45 minutes of life. Primary congenital lymphedema was confirmed via molecular testing of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 gene.Discussion. The diagnosis of PCL is suspected prenatally when ultrasound findings coincide with a positive family history of chronic lower limb lymphedema. Isolated PCL is rarely associated with significant complications. Rarely, however, widespread lymphatic dysplasia may occur, possibly resulting in nonimmune hydrops fetalis.

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Back-to-basics of hemangiosarcoma of face and scalp: a case report

Journal of Dermatology & Cosmetology ◽

10.15406/jdc.2020.04.00143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 20-21

Author(s):

Bruno de Oliveira Rocha

Keyword(s):

Histopathological Examination ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Lymphatic Vessels ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Collagen Fibers ◽

Vascular Origin ◽

The Face ◽

History Of ◽

Caucasian Patients ◽

Hyaline Globules

Introduction: Hemangiosarcoma is a rare vascular malignant neoplasm. Diagnosis is based on both clinical and histopathological features. Case Presentation: An 85-years-old white man presented with a 1-year history of progressive lesions on face and scalp. Physical examination revealed violaceous infiltrative plaques, with ulceration and bleeding, on the face and scalp, associated to numerous violaceous satellites papules. Histopathological examination revealed a neoplastic proliferation represented by slit-like anastomosing vascular channels that dissociated collagen fibers in the dermis, lined by atypical endothelium with moderately hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei. Diagnostic conclusion was cutaneous angiosarcoma. Conclusions: Cutaneous angiosarcoma most often affects males (2:1), mostly Caucasian patients over 70 years old. It may originate from blood or lymphatic vessels. The most common form affects the face and scalp. There are varying degrees of cellular atypia, anastomosing slit-like channels, dissociation of collagen fibers, occasional hyaline globules and areas of hemorrhage. Immunohistochemistry confirmed blood vascular origin with diffuse positivity for CD34 and focally diffuse for factor VIII. We emphasize the need of clinicopathological correlation for early recognition and treatment.

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Genital Filariasis - A Recurred Case of Post Operated Hydrocele

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/419 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (27) ◽

pp. 2048-2050

Author(s):

Mahima Laxmikant Shete ◽

Anahita V. Bhesania Hodiwala

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Incidental Finding ◽

Lymphatic Vessels ◽

Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽

Bancroftian Filariasis ◽

Culex Mosquito ◽

Adult Form ◽

Direct Microscopic Examination ◽

History Of ◽

Endemic Areas

Lymphatic filariasis, commonly termed as elephantiasis has been recorded since ancient Indian, Chinese, Egyptian and Persian writings.1 It is caused by a slender thread like nematode called Wuchereria bancrofti belonging to super family filaroidea.2 It exists in two morphological forms: Adult form and larvae. The adult form has a predilection for intrascrotal lymphatic vessels in hosts; thus hydrocele is one of the most common manifestations of bancroftian filariasis.3 Individuals having circulating microfilaria are outwardly healthy but have the ability to transmit infection to others through mosquito bites (Culex quinquefasciatus) 1 In developing countries like India, occurrence of genital filarial hydrocele is more common in people living in bancroftian endemic areas or in people who were previously operated for eversion of sac. We hereby report a case of hydrocele fluid with microfilaria- an incidental finding on microscopy. Wuchereria bancroti a filarial nematode inhabiting the lymphatics and transmitted through vector - culex mosquito. We hereby present a case of recurrence of genital filariasis. The patient presented with swelling of the left scrotal region with pain of dragging type. On evaluation, eosinophilia was not seen. He had a history of right hydrocele 28 years back. The aspirated hydrocele on direct microscopic examination showed presence of actively motile microfilaria which was confirmed on Giemsa staining. Recurrence is more common in bancroftian filarial endemic areas.

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