An Introduction to Epigenetics in Cardiovascular Development, Disease, and Sexualization

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Cunningham ◽  
Mansoureh Eghbali
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Development

scholarly journals Maternal iron deficiency perturbs embryonic cardiovascular development in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinta I. Kalisch-Smith ◽  
Nikita Ved ◽  
Dorota Szumska ◽  
Jacob Munro ◽  
Michael Troup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Retinoic Acid Signalling ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Iron Administration ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Cardiovascular Defects ◽  
Craniofacial Defects ◽  
Maternal Iron

AbstractCongenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common class of human birth defects, with a prevalence of 0.9% of births. However, two-thirds of cases have an unknown cause, and many of these are thought to be caused by in utero exposure to environmental teratogens. Here we identify a potential teratogen causing CHD in mice: maternal iron deficiency (ID). We show that maternal ID in mice causes severe cardiovascular defects in the offspring. These defects likely arise from increased retinoic acid signalling in ID embryos. The defects can be prevented by iron administration in early pregnancy. It has also been proposed that teratogen exposure may potentiate the effects of genetic predisposition to CHD through gene–environment interaction. Here we show that maternal ID increases the severity of heart and craniofacial defects in a mouse model of Down syndrome. It will be important to understand if the effects of maternal ID seen here in mice may have clinical implications for women.

scholarly journals Filamin A Regulates Cardiovascular Remodeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6555
Author(s):  
Sashidar Bandaru ◽  
Chandu Ala ◽  
Alex-Xianghua Zhou ◽  
Levent M. Akyürek
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Filamin A ◽  
Cardiovascular Malformations ◽  
Experimental Animal Models ◽  
Actin Networks ◽  
Cardiovascular Remodeling

Filamin A (FLNA) is a large actin-binding cytoskeletal protein that is important for cell motility by stabilizing actin networks and integrating them with cell membranes. Interestingly, a C-terminal fragment of FLNA can be cleaved off by calpain to stimulate adaptive angiogenesis by transporting multiple transcription factors into the nucleus. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that FLNA participates in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, in which the interaction of FLNA with transcription factors and/or cell signaling molecules dictate the function of vascular cells. Localized FLNA mutations associate with cardiovascular malformations in humans. A lack of FLNA in experimental animal models disrupts cell migration during embryogenesis and causes anomalies, including heart and vessels, similar to human malformations. More recently, it was shown that FLNA mediates the progression of myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. Thus, these latest findings identify FLNA as an important novel mediator of cardiovascular development and remodeling, and thus a potential target for therapy. In this update, we summarized the literature on filamin biology with regard to cardiovascular cell function.

scholarly journals The Impact of Spaceflight and Microgravity on the Human Islet-1+ Cardiovascular Progenitor Cell Transcriptome

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3577
Author(s):  
Victor Camberos ◽  
Jonathan Baio ◽  
Ana Mandujano ◽  
Aida F. Martinez ◽  
Leonard Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Support Cell ◽  
Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Islet 1 ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insight Into

Understanding the transcriptomic impact of microgravity and the spaceflight environment is relevant for future missions in space and microgravity-based applications designed to benefit life on Earth. Here, we investigated the transcriptome of adult and neonatal cardiovascular progenitors following culture aboard the International Space Station for 30 days and compared it to the transcriptome of clonally identical cells cultured on Earth. Cardiovascular progenitors acquire a gene expression profile representative of an early-stage, dedifferentiated, stem-like state, regardless of age. Signaling pathways that support cell proliferation and survival were induced by spaceflight along with transcripts related to cell cycle re-entry, cardiovascular development, and oxidative stress. These findings contribute new insight into the multifaceted influence of reduced gravitational environments.

scholarly journals Tissue clearing and imaging methods for cardiovascular development

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 102387
Author(s):  
Hana Kolesová ◽  
Veronika Olejníčková ◽  
Alena Kvasilová ◽  
Martina Gregorovičová ◽  
David Sedmera
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
Tissue Clearing

scholarly journals Peripheral Blood MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Myocardial Damage in Acute Viral Myocarditis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Maria Marketou ◽  
Joanna Kontaraki ◽  
Alexandros Patrianakos ◽  
George Kochiadakis ◽  
Ioannis Anastasiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Viral Myocarditis ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Acute Viral Myocarditis

Background: microRNAs (miRs) have emerged as important modulators of cardiovascular development and disease. Our aim was to determine whether cardiac-related miRs such as miR-21-5p and miR-1-3p were differentially expressed in acute viral myocarditis and whether any of them was related with the extent of myocardial damage and left ventricular dysfunction. Methods: We enrolled 40 patients with acute viral myocarditis. Blood samples were taken on admission and miRs expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were quantified by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: miR-21-5p, miR-1-3p were significantly elevated in acute myocarditis. miR-21-5p levels showed a strong correlation with global longitudinal strain (r = 0.71, p < 0.01), while miR-1-3p had significant correlations with troponin I (r = 0.79, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The expression of miR-21-5p and miR-1-3p in peripheral blood is increased in acute viral myocarditis, and this increase is correlated with myocardial damage and indicative of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in these patients.

scholarly journals Infant circulating MicroRNAs as biomarkers of effect in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda H. Mahnke ◽  
Georgios D. Sideridis ◽  
Nihal A. Salem ◽  
Alexander M. Tseng ◽  
R. Colin Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Relevant Effect ◽  
Cell Cycle Inhibition ◽  
Neurobehavioral Deficits

AbstractPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can result in cognitive and behavioral disabilities and growth deficits. Because alcohol-related neurobehavioral deficits may occur in the absence of overt dysmorphic features or growth deficits, there is a need to identify biomarkers of PAE that can predict neurobehavioral impairment. In this study, we assessed infant plasma extracellular, circulating miRNAs (exmiRNAs) obtained from a heavily exposed Cape Town cohort to determine whether these can be used to predict PAE-related growth restriction and cognitive impairment. PAE, controlling for smoking as a covariate, altered 27% of expressed exmiRNAs with clinically-relevant effect sizes (Cohen’s d ≥ 0.4). Moreover, at 2 weeks, PAE increased correlated expression of exmiRNAs across chromosomes, suggesting potential co-regulation. In confirmatory factor analysis, the variance in expression for PAE-altered exmiRNAs at 2 weeks and 6.5 months was best described by three-factor models. Pathway analysis found that factors at 2 weeks were associated with (F1) cell maturation, cell cycle inhibition, and somatic growth, (F2) cell survival, apoptosis, cardiac development, and metabolism, and (F3) cell proliferation, skeletal development, hematopoiesis, and inflammation, and at 6.5 months with (F1) neurodevelopment, neural crest/mesoderm-derivative development and growth, (F2) immune system and inflammation, and (F3) somatic growth and cardiovascular development. Factors F3 at 2 weeks and F2 at 6.5 months partially mediated PAE-induced growth deficits, and factor F3 at 2 weeks partially mediated effects of PAE on infant recognition memory at 6.5 months. These findings indicate that infant exmiRNAs can help identify infants who will exhibit PAE-related deficits in growth and cognition.

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