Microstructure, Hardness and Residual Stress Distributions in Butt-Welded Joint

Direct measurements and computed distributions of through-thickness residual stress in a pipe butt-welded joint and a pipe socket-welded joint are compared. The analytical evaluation methods used were inherent strain analysis and thermal elastic-plastic analysis. The experimental methods were neutron diffraction for the internal residual stress, and X-ray diffraction and strain-gauge measurement for the surface stress. The residual stress distributions determined using these methods agreed well with each other, both for internal stress and surface stress. The characteristics of the evaluation methods and the suitability of these methods for each particular welded object to be evaluated are discussed. [S0094-4289(00)01501-2]

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Numerical Analysis of Residual Stresses in V-Butt Welded Joint of Two Dissimilar Pipes

Volume 2B: Advanced Manufacturing ◽

10.1115/imece2013-62873 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Gurinder Singh Brar ◽

Gurdeep Singh

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Finite Element ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Filler Metal ◽

Welded Joint ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Stress Distributions ◽

Low Carbon

In this paper a three-dimensional welding simulation was carried out by commercially available finite element software to predict temperature and the residual stress distributions in V-butt welded joint of two dissimilar pipes. Low carbon steel and stainless steel pipe welding is widely used in a variety of engineering applications such as oil and gas industries, nuclear and thermal power plants and chemical plants. Inelastic deformations during heat treatment are the major cause of residual stress. Heat during welding causes localized expansion as some areas cool and contract more than others. The stress variation in the weldment can be very complex and can vary between compressive and tensile stresses. The mismatching (in the weld in general) occurs due to joint geometry and plate thickness. Welding procedures and degree of restraints also influences the residual stress distributions. To understand the behavior of residual stress, two dissimilar pipes one of stainless steel and another of low carbon steel with outer diameter of 356 mm and internal diameter 240 mm were butt welded. The welding was completed in three passes. The first pass was performed by Manual TIG Welding using ER 309L as a filler metal. The remaining weld passes were welded by Manual Metal Arc Welding (MMAW) and ER 309L-16 was used as a filler metal. During each pass, attained peak temperature and variation of residual stresses and magnitude of axial stress and hoop stress in pipes has been calculated. The results obtained by finite element method agree well with those from Ultrasonic technique (UT) and Hole Drilling Strain-Gauge (HDSG) as published by Akhshik and Moharrami (2009) for the improvement in accuracy of the measurements of residual stresses.

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Inherent-Strain-Based Theory of Measurement of Three-Dimensional Residual Stress Distribution and Its Application to a Welded Joint in a Reactor Vessel

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4026496 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 136 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Keiji Nakacho ◽

Naoki Ogawa ◽

Takahiro Ohta ◽

Michisuke Nayama

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Stress Distribution ◽

Strain Distribution ◽

Measurement Method ◽

Welded Joint ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Reactor Vessel ◽

Residual Stress Distribution ◽

Stress Distributions ◽

Inherent Strain

The stress that exists in a body under no external force is called the inherent stress. The strain that is the cause (source) of this stress is called the inherent strain. This study proposes a general theory of an inherent-strain-based measurement method for the residual stress distributions in arbitrary three-dimensional bodies and applies the method to measure the welding residual stress distribution of a welded joint in a reactor vessel. The inherent-strain-based method is based on the inherent strain and the finite element method. It uses part of the released strains and solves an inverse problem by a least squares method. Thus, the method gives the most probable value and deviation of the residual stress. First, the basic theory is explained in detail, and then a concrete measurement method for a welded joint in a reactor vessel is developed. In the method, the inherent strains are unknowns. In this study, the inherent strain distribution was expressed with an appropriate function, significantly decreasing the number of unknowns. Five types of inherent strain distribution functions were applied to estimate the residual stress distribution of the joint. The applicability of each function was evaluated. The accuracy and reliability of the analyzed results were assessed in terms of the residuals, the unbiased estimate of the error variance, and the welding mechanics. The most suitable function, which yields the most reliable result, was identified. The most reliable residual stress distributions of the joint are shown, indicating the characteristics of distributions with especially large tensile stress that may produce a crack.

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Influence of the Welded Joint on the Mechanical Behavior of Steel Piles during Static and Dynamic Deformation

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.1469 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 345-346 ◽

pp. 1469-1472

Author(s):

Gab Chul Jang ◽

Kyong Ho Chang ◽

Chin Hyung Lee

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Stress Distribution ◽

Mechanical Behavior ◽

Welded Joint ◽

Dynamic Deformation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Steel Structures ◽

Residual Stress Distribution ◽

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior ◽

Steel Piles

During manufacturing the welded joint of steel structures, residual stress is produced and weld metal is used inevitably. And residual stress and weld metal influence on the static and dynamic mechanical behavior of steel structures. Therefore, to predict the mechanical behavior of steel pile with a welded joint during static and dynamic deformation, the research on the influence of the welded joints on the static and dynamic behavior of steel pile is clarified. In this paper, the residual stress distribution in a welded joint of steel piles was investigated by using three-dimensional welding analysis. The static and dynamic mechanical behavior of steel piles with a welded joint is investigated by three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analysis using a proposed dynamic hysteresis model. Numerical analyses of the steel pile with a welded joint were compared to that without a welded joint with respect to load carrying capacity and residual stress distribution. The influence of the welded joint on the mechanical behavior of steel piles during static and dynamic deformation was clarified by comparing analytical results

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Influence of bevel angle on the welding-induced residual stress and distortion based on a thermometallurgical-mechanical model in a Q345-316L dissimilar butt welded joint

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/01694243.2021.1884360 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Bingchun Jiang ◽

Zhenzhen Li ◽

Quan Chen

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Mechanical Model ◽

Welded Joint

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Effects of Stress-Relief Annealing on the Residual Stress and the Microstructure of TA15 Welded Joint

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.849.281 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 849 ◽

pp. 281-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Teng Ma ◽

Xiao Yun Song ◽

Wen Jun Ye ◽

Song Xiao Hui ◽

Rui Liu

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Tensile Stress ◽

Fusion Zone ◽

Maximum Stress ◽

Electron Beam Welding ◽

Welded Joint ◽

Stress Relief ◽

Welding Zone ◽

Weave Structure ◽

Effects Of Stress

The effects of stress-relief annealing on the distribution of residual stress and on the microstructure of TA15 (Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V) alloy joints by electron beam welding (EBW) were investigated. The results indicated that the microstructure of welded joint presented a transitional change, i.e. basket-weave structure appeared in the fusion zone while equiaxed α structure in base metal. No significant change occurred in microstructure after annealing at 650°C for 2 h. The residual stress in fusion zone was mainly tensile stress and the maximum longitudinal stress value was 473MPa. After annealing, the residual stress near the welded joint exhibited a uniform distribution and the maximum stress droped to 150 MPa. The yield stress and tensile stress of the TA15 welding zone were 1016 MPa and 1100 MPa respectively.

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Microstructure, Hardness, and Residual Stress Distributions in T-Joint Weld of HSLA S500MC Steel

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A ◽

10.1007/s11661-016-3932-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 1103-1110 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Intissar Frih ◽

Guillaume Montay ◽

Pierre-Antoine Adragna

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Stress Distributions

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X-ray nanodiffraction analysis of stress oscillations in a W thin film on through-silicon via

Journal of Applied Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s1600576715023419 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 182-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Todt ◽

H. Hammer ◽

B. Sartory ◽

M. Burghammer ◽

J. Kraft ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Residual Stress ◽

Finite Element ◽

Diffraction Data ◽

Element Model ◽

Stress Distributions ◽

Through Silicon Via ◽

X Ray ◽

Tangential Stresses ◽

Stress Components

Synchrotron X-ray nanodiffraction is used to analyse residual stress distributions in a 200 nm-thick W film deposited on the scalloped inner wall of a through-silicon via. The diffraction data are evaluated using a novel dedicated methodology which allows the quantification of axial and tangential stress components under the condition that radial stresses are negligible. The results reveal oscillatory axial stresses in the range of ∼445–885 MPa, with a distribution that correlates well with the scallop wavelength and morphology, as well as nearly constant tangential stresses of ∼800 MPa. The discrepancy with larger stress values obtained from a finite-element model, as well as from a blanket W film, is attributed to the morphology and microstructural nature of the W film in the via.

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On the Mechanics of Residual Stresses in Girth Welds

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology ◽

10.1115/1.2748817 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 129 (3) ◽

pp. 345-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

P. Dong

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Stress Distributions ◽

Unified Framework ◽

Joint Geometry ◽

Weld Residual Stress ◽

Girth Welds ◽

Welding Procedure

In this paper, some of the important controlling parameters governing weld residual stress distributions are presented for girth welds in pipe and vessel components, based on a large number of residual stress solutions available to date. The focus is placed upon the understanding of some of the overall characteristics in through-wall residual stress distributions and their generalization for vessel and pipe girth welds. In doing so, a unified framework for prescribing residual stress distributions is outlined for fitness-for-service assessment of vessel and pipe girth welds. The effects of various joint geometry and welding procedure parameters on through thickness residual stress distributions are also demonstrated in the order of their relative importance.

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