Plant Parasitic Nematodes and Management Strategies of Major Crops in Mexico

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-68
Author(s):  
Ignacio Cid del Prado-Vera ◽  
Francisco Franco-Navarro ◽  
Damaris Godinez-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Morocco and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Mokrini ◽  
Salah-Eddine Laasli ◽  
Youssef Karra ◽  
Aicha El Aissami ◽  
Abdelfattah A. Dababat
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Summary Saffron (Crocus sativus) fields in Morocco’s Taliouine and Taznakht regions were surveyed between January and April 2018 to study the diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes and assess the effects of soil physicochemical properties on the nematodes. Fourteen nematode genera were identified in soil and root samples collected from 66 saffron fields. The most common plant-parasitic nematodes in the Taliouine region were Pratylenchus spp. and Helicotylenchus spp. In the Taznakht region, the most common nematodes were Pratylenchus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp. and Ditylenchus dipsaci. Nematodes, particularly Pratylenchus spp. and Ditylenchus spp., were abundant and frequent throughout the region. Several nematode genera were significantly associated with soil texture and mineral content, indicating that soil properties play an important role in plant-parasitic nematode communities. This description of plant-parasitic nematode assemblages associated with saffron fields in Morocco and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties provides a starting point from which appropriate nematode management strategies can be implemented.

The impact of management strategies on the development and status of potato cyst nematode populations in Switzerland: An overview from 1958 to present

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Caroline Ruthes ◽  
Paul Dahlin
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida are some of the most successful and highly specialized plant-parasitic nematodes, and appear among the most regulated quarantine pests globally. In Switzerland, they have been monitored by annual surveys since their first detection in Swiss soil, in 1958. The dataset created was reviewed to give an overview of the development and actual status of PCN in Switzerland. Positive fields represent 0.2% of all the samples analyzed, and currently their distribution is limited to central-west and western Switzerland, suggesting that new introduction of PCN and the spread of the initial introduced PCN populations did not occur. In this way, the integrated management used in Switzerland appears to be effective. However, the increasing availability of potato varieties with resistance to G. rostochiensis and the limited availability of varieties with resistance to G. pallida, together with other biotic and abiotic factors promoted changes in the dominance of either species. Consequently, an extended monitoring program would be of interest to Swiss farmers, to avoid favoring virulent traits that could be present within Swiss Globodera populations.

scholarly journals Incidence, Population Density, and Spatial Heterogeneity of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Corn Fields in Ohio

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2453-2464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abasola C. M. Simon ◽  
Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora ◽  
Laura E. Lindsey ◽  
Terry L. Niblack ◽  
Pierce A. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Corn Fields ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Soil samples were collected from 425 corn fields in 28 Ohio counties between growth stages V3 and V6 during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Ten morphological groups of plant-parasitic nematodes, namely spiral, lesion, lance, dagger, stunt, pin, ring, stubby-root, cyst, and “tylenchids” (several genera morphologically similar to members of the subfamily Tylenchinae [NCBI Taxonomy] including Cephelenchus, Filenchus, Malenchus, and Tylenchus) were identified. Eight species belonging to six of these groups were characterized. Spiral, tylenchids, lesion, pin, lance, stunt, and dagger nematodes were detected in 94, 96, 80, 57, 48, 48, and 37% of the fields, respectively, whereas the stubby-root, cyst, and ring nematodes were present in fewer than 14% of the samples. Averaged across fields, the spiral, tylenchids, and pin nematodes had the highest mean population densities. For all groups, incidence and population density varied among counties, and in some cases, among soil regions and cropping practices. Both population parameters were heterogeneous at multiple spatial scales, with the lowest heterogeneity among soil regions and the highest among fields within county and soil region. Estimated variances at the soil region level were not significantly different from zero for most of the nematodes evaluated. Stunt and lance were two of the most variable groups at all tested spatial scales. In general, the population densities were significantly more heterogeneous at the field level than at the county level. Findings from this study will be useful for developing sampling protocols and establishing on-farm trials to estimate losses and evaluate nematode management strategies.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes of Turfgrass in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Okki Mwamula ◽  
Dong Woon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Ground Cover Plant ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes are not only an important constraint on agricultural crop production, but also cause both direct and indirect damage to turfgrass, which is a ground cover plant. However, studies on plant-parasitic nematodes of turfgrass in Korea are scarce. A survey for plant-parasitic nematodes was carried out on 13 golf courses in Korea. The results yielded 28 species/taxa belonging to 16 genera and 12 families of plant-parasitic nematodes. Among the isolated species, <i>Helicotylenchus microlobus</i>, <i>Mesocriconema</i> <i>nebraskense</i>, <i>Tylenchorhynchus claytoni</i>, <i>Mesocriconema</i> sp., and <i>Meloidogyne graminicola</i> were the most prevalent species in all management zones. Twelve species were new records of plant-parasitic nematodes in Korea. Highest maximum densities were showed by <i>T. claytoni</i>, <i>Paratylenchus nanus</i>, <i>M. nebraskense</i>, <i>M. graminicola</i>, and <i>H. microlobus</i>. Diversity (<i>H’</i>), was significantly higher in fairways compared to tees and greens, though species evenness (<i>J’</i>) and dominance (<i>D</i>) showed no statistically significant differences. This information is crucial in nematode problem diagnosis, and the subsequent formulation of management strategies.

scholarly journals Root-Knot Nematode Management in Caladium

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyi Gu ◽  
Johan Desaeger
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Management ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Florida leads the commercial production of caladiums, a popular ornamental. In Florida, root-knot, sting, and stubby root nematodes are found in caladium fields. Root-knot nematodes are considered the most important of all pests in caladiums that are grown in sand. This publication will help caladium growers understand what plant-parasitic nematodes are and current nematode management strategies for the caladium industry.

scholarly journals Screening of anti-nematode potential through inhibition of egg hatching in plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne javanica

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Shilpy Shakya ◽  
Bindhya Chal Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes have emerged as nature’s most successful among all parasites known till today. These animals have been reported from all terrains of all ecosystems. Their capability to survive on a wide diversity of the host plants, circumvent host plant defence is a few of several of their secrets making them most successful of all known parasites. Among various groups of plant-parasitic nematodes, endo-parasitic nematodes are the most damaging one and also difficult to control. Meloidogyne sps. are commonly known as root-knot nematodes. Our inability to control them is primarily due to our poor understanding of the biology of these plant parasites. Due to the availability of the complete genome sequence of few Meloidogyne species, biotechnological interventions are used to unravel the secrets of their success. Chemical controls of these nematodes are extensively reported in the literature. Due to the environmental toxicity associated with these chemicals, and restrictions on the use of chemicals against nematodes led to screening and development of eco-friendly management strategies. The present study was conducted to screen nematotoxic properties of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Jatropha (Jatropha curcas), Kachnar (Bauhinia variegate), Bel (Aegle marmelos) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules) leaf extracts against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica in vitro. The aqueous extracts were used against the hatching of the nematode eggs, movement of second stage juveniles (J2) and the viability of the J2 in increasing concentration of the bioactive compound. The eggs were treated with various concentrations of the selected extracts for different time periods ranging from 24h to 6 days. A significant inhibition of egg hatching and increase in the mortality of the nematode juvenile in few of the aqueous extracts were recorded. Reduced egg hatching and increased mortality of the nematode juveniles could be maybe the indicators of the presence of anti-nematode potential in the selected plant leaves. The results from the study can pave the way for the development of eco-friendly management strategies for plant-parasitic nematodes.

scholarly journals The Emerging Nematode Problems in Horticultural Crops and their Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Yadav ◽  
Jaydeep A. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are responsible for significant monetary losses to horticultural crops. They are unseen foes of crops and devitalize plants by causing injury to plant roots or aboveground parts. From last few decades, increased attention has been paid to nematode problems in horticultural crops in open as well as under protected cultivation. PPNs are obligate parasites, mostly have wide host range and are widespread pathogens of horticultural crops. The dimension of damage is density dependent and their management options vary with type of crop, nematode species and other factors. Recent approaches to combat losses caused by nematodes are the use of nematicides, cultural practices and resistant cultivars that may be used singly or in an integrated manner. This book chapter gives an overview of the emerging nematode problems in horticultural crops and their management strategies.

Let's be inclusive - the time of looking at individual plant parasitic nematodes is over, and new technologies allow for it.

2021 ◽  
pp. 403-407
Author(s):  
Johannes Helder ◽  
Holger Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract Parasitism is a popular life style among members of the phylum Nematoda. Around 46% of the 27,000 described nematode species use either a plant or an animal as a primary food source. Molecular phylogenetics has aided in deciphering patterns of evolution and diversification among plant parasitic nematodes. Alignments comprising over 5000 nearly full-length small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences (each approximately 1700 bp) with a fairly good coverage of all extant nematode families allowed to pinpoint patterns with regard to the appearance of plant parasitism. This chapter describes the soil biome, identification of nematode and microbial community in soil, as well as the activity of microbiome. Future plant parasitic nematode management strategies are also mentioned. Exploring and boosting the soil suppressive potential will be a major additional tool in the foreseeable future.

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