Let's be inclusive - the time of looking at individual plant parasitic nematodes is over, and new technologies allow for it.

Additional Tool ◽

Abstract Parasitism is a popular life style among members of the phylum Nematoda. Around 46% of the 27,000 described nematode species use either a plant or an animal as a primary food source. Molecular phylogenetics has aided in deciphering patterns of evolution and diversification among plant parasitic nematodes. Alignments comprising over 5000 nearly full-length small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences (each approximately 1700 bp) with a fairly good coverage of all extant nematode families allowed to pinpoint patterns with regard to the appearance of plant parasitism. This chapter describes the soil biome, identification of nematode and microbial community in soil, as well as the activity of microbiome. Future plant parasitic nematode management strategies are also mentioned. Exploring and boosting the soil suppressive potential will be a major additional tool in the foreseeable future.

Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Relationships of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Turfgrasses in North Carolina and South Carolina, United States

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-14-1060-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (7) ◽

pp. 982-993 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yongsan Zeng ◽

Weimin Ye ◽

James Kerns ◽

Lane Tredway ◽

Samuel Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

South Carolina ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

The near-full-length 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene and internal transcribed spacer 1 region were amplified and sequenced from 52 nematode populations belonging to 28 representative species in 13 families recovered from turfgrasses in North Carolina (38 populations) and South Carolina (14 populations). This study also included 13 nematode populations from eight other plant hosts from North Carolina for comparison. Nematodes were molecularly characterized and the phylogenetic relationships were explored based on 18S rDNA sequences. Phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference was performed using five groups of the plant-parasitic nematode populations Tylenchids, Criconematids, Longidorids, Xiphinematids, and Trichodorids. The 65 nematode populations were clustered correspondingly within appropriate positions of 13 families, including Belonolaimidae, Caloosiidae, Criconematidae, Dolichodoridae, Hemicycliophoridae, Hoplolaimidae, Heteroderidae, Longidoridae, Meloidogynidae, Paratylenchidae, Pratylenchidae, Telotylenchidae, and Trichodoridae. This study confirms previous morphological-based identification of the plant-parasitic nematode species found in turfgrasses and provides a framework for future studies of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses based upon DNA sequences and phylogenetic relationships.

The Emerging Nematode Problems in Horticultural Crops and their Management

10.5772/intechopen.99292 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saroj Yadav ◽

Jaydeep A. Patil

Keyword(s):

Cultural Practices ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Management Options ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Protected Cultivation ◽

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are responsible for significant monetary losses to horticultural crops. They are unseen foes of crops and devitalize plants by causing injury to plant roots or aboveground parts. From last few decades, increased attention has been paid to nematode problems in horticultural crops in open as well as under protected cultivation. PPNs are obligate parasites, mostly have wide host range and are widespread pathogens of horticultural crops. The dimension of damage is density dependent and their management options vary with type of crop, nematode species and other factors. Recent approaches to combat losses caused by nematodes are the use of nematicides, cultural practices and resistant cultivars that may be used singly or in an integrated manner. This book chapter gives an overview of the emerging nematode problems in horticultural crops and their management strategies.

Novel Management Strategies for Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Biological Control of Plant Diseases ◽

10.1007/978-1-4757-9468-7_37 ◽

1992 ◽

pp. 273-276

Author(s):

Robin N. Heuttel ◽

Susan L. F. Meyer

Keyword(s):

Management Strategies ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Morocco and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003286 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 87-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fouad Mokrini ◽

Salah-Eddine Laasli ◽

Youssef Karra ◽

Aicha El Aissami ◽

Abdelfattah A. Dababat

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Crocus Sativus ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽

Starting Point ◽

Summary Saffron (Crocus sativus) fields in Morocco’s Taliouine and Taznakht regions were surveyed between January and April 2018 to study the diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes and assess the effects of soil physicochemical properties on the nematodes. Fourteen nematode genera were identified in soil and root samples collected from 66 saffron fields. The most common plant-parasitic nematodes in the Taliouine region were Pratylenchus spp. and Helicotylenchus spp. In the Taznakht region, the most common nematodes were Pratylenchus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp. and Ditylenchus dipsaci. Nematodes, particularly Pratylenchus spp. and Ditylenchus spp., were abundant and frequent throughout the region. Several nematode genera were significantly associated with soil texture and mineral content, indicating that soil properties play an important role in plant-parasitic nematode communities. This description of plant-parasitic nematode assemblages associated with saffron fields in Morocco and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties provides a starting point from which appropriate nematode management strategies can be implemented.

Five Species of Plant Parasitic Nematodes (Order: Tylenchidae) Affecting Vegetable Crops of Nepal

International Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.3126/ijls.v10i1.14515 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 10-14

Author(s):

Arvind K. Keshari ◽

Ranjana Gupta

Keyword(s):

Life Sciences ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Morphometric Data ◽

First Time ◽

During a survey for plant parasitic nematodes affecting various vegetable crops grown in three hilly districts surrounding Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, five species of order Tylenchidae are reported for the first time from Nepal.The nematode species are Hoplolaimus indicus, Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi, Helicotylenchus incisus, Microposthonia paraxestis and Hemicriconemoides cocophilus.All the species are illustrated with line diagrams and described with their morphometric data along with localities and host plants.International Journal of Life Sciences 10 (1) : 2016; 10-16

Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Thyme Oil to Suppress Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on English Boxwood

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-0471 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (4) ◽

pp. 471-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Enrique E. Pérez ◽

Edwin E. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Thyme Oil ◽

A 2-year experiment was conducted to test suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes on English boxwood using entomopathogenic nematodes and 3.5% thyme oil formulated as Promax. Treatments were Steinernema riobrave formulated as BioVector and S. feltiae formulated as Nemasys, both applied at a rate of 2.5 billion infective juveniles/ha, thyme oil at rate of 9.3 liters/ha, and nontreated control. In the 2001 season, treatment with S. feltiae reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of Tylenchorhynchus sp. 7 days after treatment and Hoplolaimus sp. 30 and 60 days after treatment. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode species at all sampling dates, with the exception of Mesocriconema sp. 30 days after treatment and Tylenchorhynchus sp. and Rotylenchus buxophilus 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode genera at all sampling dates except Tylenchorhynchus sp. and R. buxophilus 60 days after treatment. In the 2002 season, treatment with S. feltiae had no effect on nematode population growth. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of R. buxophilus 7 days after treatment, and all plant-parasitic nematodes 30 and 60 days after treatment except Hoplolaimus sp. 30 days after treatment and Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth at all sampling dates of plant-parasitic nematodes except Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment.

PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH RABBITEYE, SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH AND HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.4.264d ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 264D-264

Author(s):

John R. Clark ◽

Robert Robbins

Keyword(s):

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Small Populations ◽

Total Plant ◽

Highbush Blueberries ◽

Southern Highbush ◽

Two replicated blueberry plantings, one containing one highbush, (Vaccinium corymbosum) two southern highbush and two rabbiteye (V.ashei) cultivars, and another containing one highbush and three rabbiteye cultivars were sampled in October, 1991 and plant parasitic nematodes extracted and counted. Additionally, 15 commercial rabbiteye plantings were sampled. Standard and southern highbush samples had total plant parasitic nematode levels of 228-451 nematodes/250 ml soil compared to 4-14 nematodes/250 ml soil for rabbiteye. No difference in nematode population was found among the standard highbush ('Bluecrop') and southern highbush ('Cooper', 'Gulfcoast') cultivars. Xiphinema americanum was the most common nematode species found, along with very small populations of Paratrichodorus minor. All commercial plantings had lower nematode levels in samples from the blueberry plants as compared to those from the sod middles between the rows. Nematode levels from commercial plantings ranged from 1477/250ml soil from blueberry plants and 11-1546/250 ml soil from the sod middles. Species found at high levels in the sod samples were usually distinctly different from those found associated with the blueberry plants.

Community Analysis of Nematodes Associated with Banana, Identification of root knot nematode and Evaluation the Susceptibility of Some Cultivars to Infection

10.21203/rs.3.rs-740928/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Radwa G. Mostafa ◽

Aida M. El-Zawahry ◽

Ashraf E. M. Khalil ◽

Ameer E. Elfarash ◽

Ali D. A. Allam

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Common Species ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Control Measures ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Abstract Background Plant-parasitic nematodes are extremely dangerous pests in a variety of economically important crops. The purpose of this study was a survey of all nematode species existing in banana from three sites in Assiut Governorate, Egypt and to characterize the most common species by morphological, morphometric and molecular techniques (PCR with species-specific primers). Then, study of resistance or sensitivity of some banana cultivars to root-knot nematodes.Methods and Results Four nematodes, Meloidogyne, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Helicotylenchus and Pratylenchus were isolated and identified from soil and root samples collected from banana plants. Most frequently occurring of plant parasitic nematode species in banana was Meloidogyne. Former research found differences in species and in resistance to root-knot nematodes among the examined plant cultivars. Identification of Root-knot nematodes by Characterize of morphometric, molecularly, morphological isolate of Meloidogyne related to banana plants. The results revealed that the identified nematode species, Meloidogyne javanica, is the most common plant-parasitic nematodes in all locations. Data on the susceptibility of the tested banana cultivars to M. javanica revealed that Grand Naine was highly susceptible (HS) however, Magraby was susceptible (S) but Williams and Hindi cultivars were moderately resistant (MR).Conclusions we concluded that a survey revealed the significant prevalence of Meloidogyne javanica, the most important nematodes on banana in Assiut. The morphometric, morphological, and molecular identification were harmonic with one another. In addition to the host response of certain banana cultivars, to M. javanica that resistance is of significance and can be helpful to incorporate through planning control measures for root- knot nematodes.

Description of two new Ogma Southern, 1914 species (Nemata: Criconematoidea) with a list of plant-parasitic nematode species from Natal

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v35i1.385 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Esther Van den Berg

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Tail Tip ◽

Two new O^nia Southern, 1914 species are described and figured from Giant's Castle Nature Reserve, Kamberg Nature Reserve and the Royal Natal National Park. O^ma naomiae spec. nov. females are characterised by having 10 to 12 longitudinal rows of scales on 63 to 69 retrorse body annuli; scales haphazardly arranged on first nine to 10 annuli; scales mostly with two projections, becoming longer toward tail end; all scales with minute protuberances on outer edges; lip region with one annulus with a greater diameter than first body annulus. Juveniles with 14 to 16 longitudinal rows of scales on 73 to 76 retrorse body annuli; each scale bearing five to seven sharply pointed processes; one lip annulus with an equal diameter to first body annulus. O^ma ueckermanni spec. nov. females are characterised by eight longitudinal rows of rounded scales on 60 to 67 body annuli becoming longer toward tail tip where they bear two, three or four-pronged processes; roughly sculptured recessed part of annulus extends to follow the outline of the scale almost forming a pillar between two succeeding scales; one lip annulus with a greater diameter than first body annulus; raised labial area with six pseudolips and no submedian lobes; margin of lip annulus with rounded tooth-like projections; stylet 49,3 to 60,7 ^m long. A list is given of the 16 known plant-parasitic nematodes found in these areas.

The impact of management strategies on the development and status of potato cyst nematode populations in Switzerland: An overview from 1958 to present

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-04-21-0800-sr ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Caroline Ruthes ◽

Paul Dahlin

Keyword(s):

Integrated Management ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

The Impact ◽

Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida are some of the most successful and highly specialized plant-parasitic nematodes, and appear among the most regulated quarantine pests globally. In Switzerland, they have been monitored by annual surveys since their first detection in Swiss soil, in 1958. The dataset created was reviewed to give an overview of the development and actual status of PCN in Switzerland. Positive fields represent 0.2% of all the samples analyzed, and currently their distribution is limited to central-west and western Switzerland, suggesting that new introduction of PCN and the spread of the initial introduced PCN populations did not occur. In this way, the integrated management used in Switzerland appears to be effective. However, the increasing availability of potato varieties with resistance to G. rostochiensis and the limited availability of varieties with resistance to G. pallida, together with other biotic and abiotic factors promoted changes in the dominance of either species. Consequently, an extended monitoring program would be of interest to Swiss farmers, to avoid favoring virulent traits that could be present within Swiss Globodera populations.