Noncoding RNAs in Human Diseases

2008 ◽  
pp. 235-254
Author(s):  
M. Szymański ◽  
J. Barciszewski
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Human Diseases

scholarly journals The New Frontier of Functional Genomics: From Chromatin Architecture and Noncoding RNAs to Therapeutic Targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-580
Author(s):  
Natali Papanicolaou ◽  
Alessandro Bonetti
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Chromatin Architecture ◽  
Common Diseases

Common diseases are complex, multifactorial disorders whose pathogenesis is influenced by the interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies have interrogated genetic polymorphisms across genomes of individuals to test associations between genotype and susceptibility to specific disorders, providing insights into the genetic architecture of several complex disorders. However, genetic variants associated with the susceptibility to common diseases are often located in noncoding regions of the genome, such as tissue-specific enhancers or long noncoding RNAs, suggesting that regulatory elements might play a relevant role in human diseases. Enhancers are cis-regulatory genomic sequences that act in concert with promoters to regulate gene expression in a precise spatiotemporal manner. They can be located at a considerable distance from their cognate target promoters, increasing the difficulty of their identification. Genomes are organized in domains of chromatin folding, namely topologically associating domains (TADs). Identification of enhancer–promoter interactions within TADs has revealed principles of cell-type specificity across several organisms and tissues. The vast majority of mammalian genomes are pervasively transcribed, accounting for a previously unappreciated complexity of the noncoding RNA fraction. Particularly, long noncoding RNAs have emerged as key players for the establishment of chromatin architecture and regulation of gene expression. In this perspective, we describe the new advances in the fields of transcriptomics and genome organization, focusing on the role of noncoding genomic variants in the predisposition of common diseases. Finally, we propose a new framework for the identification of the next generation of pharmacological targets for common human diseases.

miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs as biomarkers in human diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrien Van Roosbroeck ◽  
Jeroen Pollet ◽  
George A Calin
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Human Diseases

scholarly journals Emerging Role of MiR-192-5p in Human Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-jia Ren ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
Xiao-yu Cai ◽  
Guo-ying Fang
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Transcriptional Expression ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small non-coding RNAs that play an essential role in numerous biological processes by regulating the post-transcriptional expression of target genes. Recent studies have demonstrated that miR-192-5p, a member of the miR-192 family, partakes in several human diseases, especially various cancers, including cancers of the lung, liver, and breast. Importantly, the levels of miR-192-5p are abundant in biofluids, including the serum and urine, and the exosomal levels of miR-192-5p in circulation can aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases, such as chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection disease. Notably, recent studies suggest that miR-192-5p is regulated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, there are no comprehensive overviews on the role of miR-192-5p in human diseases. This review discusses the significant studies on the role of miR-192-5p in various human diseases, with special emphasis on the diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems.

Melatonin and regulation of miRNAs: novel targeted therapy for cancerous and noncancerous disease

Epigenomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh ◽  
Saeed Mehrzadi ◽  
Azam Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Interventions ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Multiple Genes

miRNAs, small noncoding RNAs with crucial diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, play essential therapeutic roles in different human diseases. These biomarkers are involved in several biological mechanisms and are responsible for the regulation of multiple genes expressions in cells. miRNA-based therapy has shown a very bright future in the case of clinical interventions. Melatonin, the main product of the pineal gland, is a multifunctional neurohormone with numerous therapeutic potentials in human diseases. Melatonin is able to regulate miRNAs in different pathologies such as malignant and nonmalignant diseases, which can be considered as a novel kind of targeted therapy. Herein, this review discusses possible therapeutic utility of melatonin for the regulation of miRNAs in various pathological conditions.

Circulating long noncoding RNAs as novel biomarkers of human diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 757-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Jiang ◽  
Ronghui Lei ◽  
Qilan Ning
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

H19: A vital long noncoding RNA in the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiqi Zhu ◽  
Yuanyang Li ◽  
Fangqi Xia ◽  
Mengzhen Xue ◽  
Yaqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Background: Increasing academic efforts have been made to explore the correlation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with human diseases, particularly metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus. Taking lncRNA H19 as an example, this review intends to reveal the functions and mechanism of lncRNA H19 in diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications. Methods: The research results associated with lncRNA H19 and diabetes mellitus are collected and summarized on PubMed. Conclusion: LncRNA H19 is a potential instructive marker for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications.

Experimental Amyloidosis Induced by Immune Complex

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
A. Kawaoi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complex ◽  
Systemic Amyloidosis ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Experimental Amyloidosis ◽  
Freund’S Complete Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Complete Adjuvant ◽  
Immunological Approach ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Numbers of immunological approach have been made to the amyloidosis through the variety of predisposing human diseases and the experimentally induced animals by the greater number of agents. The results suggest an important role of impaired immunity involving both humoral and cell-mediated aspects.Recently the author has succeeded in producing amyloidosis in the rabbits and mice by the injections of immune complex of heat denatured DNA.The aim of this report is to demonstrate the details of the ultrastructure of the amyloidosis induced by heterologous insoluble immune complex. Eleven of twelve mice, dd strain, subcutaneously injected twice a week with Freund's complete adjuvant and four of seven animals intraperitonially injected developed systemic amyloidosis two months later from the initial injections. The spleens were electron microscopically observed.

Bizarre models for human diseases

Nature ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janelle Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Human Diseases
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