scholarly journals Adaptation and Validation of an Agent Model of Functional State and Performance for Individuals

2009 ◽  
pp. 595-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiemke Both ◽  
Mark Hoogendoorn ◽  
S. Waqar Jaffry ◽  
Rianne van Lambalgen ◽  
Rogier Oorburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
And Performance

Optimal Contracting with Subjective Evaluation

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bentley Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Efficiency Wages ◽  
Optimal Contract ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Optimal Contracting ◽  
Bonus Pay ◽  
True Discrimination ◽  
Principal Agent Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right

This paper extends the standard principal–agent model to allow for subjective evaluation. The optimal contract results in more compressed pay relative to the case with verifiable performance measures. Moreover, discrimination against an individual implies lower pay and performance, suggesting that the extent of discrimination as measured after controlling for performance may underestimate the level of true discrimination. Finally, the optimal contract entails the use of bonus pay rather than the threat of dismissal, hence neither “efficiency wages” nor the right to dismiss an employee are necessary ingredients for an optimal incentive contract.

Explaining the Gaps between Mandate and Performance: Agency Theory and World Bank Environmental Reform

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Gutner
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Principal Agent Model ◽  
And Performance

This article seeks to explain why the World Bank's environmental performance is so uneven despite numerous reform efforts. I argue that a principal-agent model offers a potentially powerful tool for analyzing gaps between the mandates and performance of international organizations (IOs) such as the World Bank. The model is particularly useful when it is calibrated to recognize problems of antinomic delegation and the dual role an IO may have as both agent and principal. Antinomic delegation occurs when states ask IOs to take on complex tasks that are difficult to institutionalize. Recognizing that many IOs may be principal and agent at different stages of the policy process reveals more opportunities for agency slack that are not well addressed by the IO literature. This article presents these modifications to the principal-agent model and applies the model to the case of the World Bank. The case study demonstrates that the nature of the tasks being delegated and the incentives shaping both sides of the principal-agent relationship are key sources of disconnect between the institution's stated goals and its performance.

scholarly journals Methods of ensuring comfort and quality in the design of ecological and safe school furniture

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Yu.I. Mazina ◽  
◽  
E.N. Koposova ◽  
V.D. Matveev ◽  
N.I. Matveeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Safe School ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
Self Development ◽  
New Development ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
And Performance ◽  
School Furniture ◽  
The Impact

Main problem: The functional state at the physiological, psychological and behavioral levels depends on the student's working posture and affects the fatigue and performance of schoolchildren. Each new development of school furniture will undergo several test cycles. None of these cycles can give a final version of the comfort and safety of the equipment. The evaluation of school furniture takes place in several directions: compliance with building regulations and standards in accordance with age and other physiological parameters, secondly, the quality, durability and strength of modern materials, as well as the design of the form of which will provide aesthetic needs and provide a number of functions that contribute to the development and correction of children during classes in various disciplines.That is why the main context of this article is the work on identifying an increase in the period of productive working capacity in children engaged in a new model of a school desk that meets the basic ergonomic requirements. Purpose: The purpose of this article is a hygienic assessment of the impact of the ergonomic parameters of the workplace, namely furniture, on the physiological, psychological and behavioral levels of the functional state of schoolchildren and the state of the musculoskeletal system. Methods:To achieve the scientific results of this study, the methods of information and analytical, professional graphic, ergonomic methods, modeling method, questionnaire and experiment were used. Results and their significance: In the process of analyzing the information, the material of scientific research was studied and classified, which substantiates the methods of analyzing the functional feasibility, environmental safety and constitutional justification of school furniture created on the basis of innovative technologies including special technical achievements that contribute to the improvement of students' performance, interest, passion and self-development. The author's classes and tables are proposed in which the data of questionnaires and typologies of various principles of artistic design are presented, contributing to the creation of unique and at the same time ergonomic and ecological and safe furniture for schools.

Modern methods of physiological, hygienic and ergonomic evaluation of individual protective means

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Andrey M. Geregey ◽  
Inga S. Malakhova ◽  
Yurii B. Moiseev ◽  
Ivan V. Ivanov ◽  
Dmitrii V. Glukhov
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Ergonomic Evaluation

Introduction. Topicality of the study is associated with necessity of physiologic, hygienic and ergonomic basis for methods evaluating tolerance of individual protective means.Objective is to study possible use of contemporary facilities and investigation methods for functional state of humans and their performance within physiologic, hygienic and ergonomic assessment of individual protective means.Methods. The authors used analytic methods and considered methodic issues connected with evaluation of human functional state and performance.Results. Findings are that present regulation basis evaluating influence of individual protective means on human functional state does not consider contemporary novelties in medical equipment, is outdated and requires improvement. The authors justified selection of methods that improve approaches to evaluation of individual protective means in simulated and real industrial conditions. Evidences are that medical and biologic evaluation of individual protective means should study functional state of locomotory system, cardio-respiratory and nervous systems. Ergospirometry is the most informative method to evaluate functional state of cardio-respiratory system, “movements capture” by inertial sensors is the most applicable method to evaluate influence of individual protective means on workers’ mobility, and stabilometry can add existing methods evaluating influence of individual protective means on locomotory and nervous systems.Conclusions. The studies performed can serve as a basis for improvement of prospective methods of physiologic, hygienic and ergonomic evaluation of individual protective means.

DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF A MODEL FOR A HUMAN'S FUNCTIONAL STATE AND PERFORMANCE

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 413-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIBOR BOSSE ◽  
FIEMKE BOTH ◽  
MARK HOOGENDOORN ◽  
S. WAQAR JAFFRY ◽  
RIANNE VAN LAMBALGEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Internal Validation ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Human Functioning ◽  
Adequate Representation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Parameter Values

This paper presents a computational model of the dynamics of a human's functional state in relation to task performance and environment. It can be used in intelligent systems that support humans in demanding circumstances. The model takes task demand and situational aspects as input and calculates internal factors related to human functioning, such as the experienced pressure, exhaustion, and motivation, and how they affect performance. Simulation experiments under different parameter settings pointed out that the model is able to produce realistic behavior of humans with different types of personalities. Moreover, by a mathematical analysis the equilibria of the model have been determined, and by automated checking a number of expected properties of the model have been confirmed. In addition to this "internal" validation of the model, an experiment has been designed for the purpose of external validation, addressing the estimation of aspects of the human process that are relevant for its practical application. Output from the experiment, like information about personality characteristics and performance quality, has been used to perform estimation of the parameters of the model. By the parameter estimation, a set of parameter values has been identified by which an adequate representation of a person's functional state when performing a task is achieved.

scholarly journals An Integrated Agent Model for Attention and Functional State

2012 ◽  
pp. 658-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Bosse ◽  
Rianne van Lambalgen ◽  
Peter-Paul van Maanen ◽  
Jan Treur
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Agent Model
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