Trends in Private Consumption in China: The Emergence of the Chinese High-Income Class and Its Global Relevance

2012 ◽  
pp. 235-253
Author(s):  
Alessandro Gambini ◽  
Manuela Marianera
Keyword(s):  
Private Consumption ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Class

scholarly journals Analysis of Inter-Temporal Change in the Energy and CO2 Emissions Efficiency of Economies: A Two Divisional Network DEA Approach

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3300
Author(s):  
Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Yaser Iftikhar ◽  
Shouming Chen ◽  
Shaheera Amin ◽  
Alia Manzoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
High Income ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Class ◽  
Network Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Production And Distribution

Measuring changes in energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of various large economies is fundamental for analyzing the impact and effectiveness of various policies in this direction. This study analyzes intertemporal changes in energy and CO2 emissions efficiency of economies by applying a network data envelopment analysis approach that takes into consideration the internal structure of the analysis units. We have applied two divisional network data envelopment analysis models for analysis of the economic and distributive efficiency of economies from 2001 to 2011. The results are very useful in analyzing the situation; we found that none of the economies was efficient in both aspects in the sample period, implying that none of the countries in the analysis was efficient in the production and distribution of economic outputs simultaneously. Brazil, Canada, China and Germany showed improvement in economic efficiency but the distribution efficiency of the most of the economies is low because of the increase in population and high-income class. Most of the countries had an increase in the high-income class but China performed better in the second division because it has managed to improve its middle-income class in the recent past by moving more people from low-income class to middle income class. It is suggested that countries should emphasize on economic restructuring and expansion of the middle-income class to improve their performance in the production and distribution of economic outputs.

Demographic determinants of charity donors and its implication for cash waqf institutions in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abidullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Hakimi Mohd. Shafiai ◽  
Muhammad Shaique ◽  
Shabeer Khan
Keyword(s):  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
High Income ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Income Class ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
The Poor ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the demographic groups that can be targeted for donations by the cash waqf institutions for their marketing campaigns in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a structured questionnaire to acquire the understanding of Malays about the existence of poverty in Malaysia and to identify the demographic groups that can be targeted for the marketing campaigns of cash waqf institutions. The sample consisted of 430 Malays respondents residing in Selangor. The study used the methodology of Baron and Kenny for mediation analysis. Findings The finding indicates that Malays do hold sympathies towards the poor. Further investigation shows that high-income class and female are the two demographic groups that are more sympathetic towards the poor because of their strong belief in charity. Research limitations/implications The data collection is limited to Selangor only. However, it provides enough information about the demographic groups which is worth exploring for the future researchers in order to come up with marketing strategies related to cash waqf collections. Practical implications On the basis of findings, cash waqf institutions in Malaysia can come up with marketing strategies to attract high-income class and females as their potential donors. Originality/value The charity institution specifically cash waqf institutions in Malaysia are struggling to identify the right target groups for their marketing campaigns. This study used attribution theory to identify the target groups which is overshadowed by the previous research studies in the context of Malaysia.

Produktivkraft als Versprechen

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (185) ◽  
pp. 621-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Siefkes
Keyword(s):  
Private Consumption ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
A Minor

The ‘Fragment on Machines’ from Marx’s Grundrisse is often cited as an argument that the internal forces of capitalism will lead to its doom. But the argument that the progressive reduction of labor must doom capitalism lacks a proper foundation, as a comparison with the ‘Schemes of Reproduction’ given in Capital II shows. The latter, however, aren’t fully convincing either. In reality, more depends on the private consumption of capitalists than either model recognizes. Ultimately, most can be made of the ‘Fragment on Machines’ by reading it not as an exposure of capitalism’s internal contractions, but as a discussion of a possible communist future where labor (or work) will play but a minor role.

SATUAN TIMBULAN DAN KOMPOSISI SAMPAH DOMESTIK KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR

Jurnal Dampak ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yommi Dewilda ◽  
Yeggi Darnas
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Data

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data timbulan dan komposisi sampah domestik di Kabupaten Tanah Datar serta dapat membandingkan perbedaan timbulan dan komposisi sampah yang dihasilkan berdasarkan tingkat pendapatan masyarakat (High income, Medium income dan Low income). Data timbulan dan komposisi sampah diperlukan dalam perencanaan dan pengembangan sistem pengelolaan sampah. Sampling timbulan dan jumlah sampling dilakukan berdasarkan SNI 19-3964-1994. Hasil penelitian timbulan sampah domestik dalam satuan berat 0,232 kg/o/h dan dalam satuan volume 3,646 l/o/h. Berdasarkan tingkat pendapatan dalam satuan berat High Income (HI) 0,308 kg/o/h, Medium Income (MI) 0,198 kg/o/h dan Low Income (LI) 0,190 kg/o/h dalam satuan volume HI 4,269 l/o/h, MI 3,835 l/o/h dan LI 2,835 l/o/h. Timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan penduduk dengan High Incame lebih besar dibandingkan dengan penduduk dengan pendapatan Medium Income dan Low Income. Komposisi sampah domestik untuk sampah basah 75,5%; sampah plastik 16,6%; sampah kertas 5,3%; sampah tekstil 0,8%; sampah kayu 0,3%; sampah kaca 0,7%; sampah logam ferrous 0,2%; sampah logam non ferrous 0,1%; dan sampah lain-lain 0,5%.Kata kunci: sampah domestik, komposisi sampah, timbulan Sampah

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