The Nation-State/Empire as a Unit of Analysis in the History of International Relations: A Case Study in Northeast Asia, 1868–1933

2012 ◽  
pp. 177-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Akami
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
History Of

Old and New Rights

2009 ◽  
pp. 20-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Di Meglio ◽  
Enrico Gargiulo
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Social Imagination ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Phase ◽  
Effective Instrument ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter offers a long-term perspective on citizenship, questioning one of the basic assumptions of most of the literature on this topic, that is, the nation-state as unit of analysis. Through the adoption of a world-systemic perspective, two basic aspects of the history of citizenship stand out. Firstly, the fundamentally exclusive nature of this category, as it emerged and developed over the history of the modern world-system, since at least the “long 16th Century”. And, secondly, that well before the so-called “information revolution” of the last decades, “technology” has shaped the Western social imagination, acting, in various and changing historical forms, as an effective instrument of control and supremacy, producing asymmetric and inegalitarian effects, and providing a yardstick of the different “levels of development” of Western and non-Western peoples. In this view, the most recent phase of the history of citizenship, his e-form, seems to replicate, in new ways, the explanations of the gap existing both between and within countrie—now conceptualized as “digital divide”—and, at the same time, the illusory universalistic promise of an expansion of the citizenship and the rights associated to it.

The Transnational Consensus: Fascism and Nazism in Current Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Ángel Alcalde
Keyword(s):  
National Socialism ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Transnational History ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Comparative History ◽  
Global History ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of

Transnational History emerged in the 1990s as a methodological perspective aiming to transcend the nation state as a prevalent unit of analysis. Akin to comparative history, transnational history focuses on transfers between countries and nations, cross-border exchanges and circulation of people and ideas, thus changing our understanding of modern historical phenomena and contributing to the development of global history. Today there is probably no modern historical subfield that has not heeded the new transnational insights. This review article argues that the history of fascism and national socialism have benefitted considerably from this epistemological advancement, and that this renewal has revolutionised our understanding of these ideologies, movements and regimes. Previously historians believed that fascism had emerged as a solution to the interwar crisis in different European nation states; ‘native’, ‘home-grown’ fascist movements, unique ultranationalist revolutionaries, spontaneously reacted to endogenous national problems and attempted a counterrevolution or national rebirth with different degrees of success. After the transnational turn, historians instead see fascism as a single transnational and global phenomenon that violently expanded throughout Europe and beyond by processes of transfer, mutual inspiration, hybridisation, interaction, entanglement and cross-border exchange.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. White
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
International Relations ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Study Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Develop Theory

There is a long history of case study research in the field of International Relations. This introductory chapter summarizes the benefits that derive from case study research and summarizes the insight and analysis that come from the chapters in the edited collection. Case study research is an attempt to develop theory or seek an answer to an apparent anomaly by the intensive study of a single case or group of cases. The principal advantage of this methodology is it is particularly good at exploring causal mechanisms. While some sight the problem of external validity when focusing on a single case study, the researchers in this volume are careful not to over-generalize from the single case. The chapters in this volume explain various aspects of the Northern Ireland peace process and further our understanding of various theories of International Relations related to conflict resolution and peacebuilding.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF NON STATE ACTOR IN ELIMINATING ISLAMIC RADICALISM : ISOMIL OF NAHDLATUL ULAMA INDONESIA 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Imron Rosyadi Hamid
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Nonstate Actor ◽  
State Actor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Summit

AbstractThe role of non state actor (NSA) in international relations should be connected with the twotheories of IR: liberalism and constructivism. In both, the theories not only have strong faithin cooperation among states but also their main theoritical proposition and instrument havesame unit of analysis : human being. Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) of Indonesia, the largest islamicorganization in the world with more than 50 million members, should be considered as a nonstate actor (NSA) that can play its role in countering the most recent serious threat of theworld : terrorism and islamic radicalism. The International Summit of Moderat IslamicLeaders (ISOMIL) held by Nahdlatul Ulama on May 2016 in Jakarta which attended by 300moslem leaders from more than 30 countries is interesting to be discussed in terms of itsposition as one of the influential organization in the islamic world. This paper will discussthe brief history of Nahdlatul Ulama of Indonesia, its role in eliminating islamic radicalismin Indonesia and spreading moderate islam to the world through ISOMIL. This paper is notintended to idealize the role of non state actor in comparing with the government or stateactor itself, rather, to show the importance of contribution of non state actor in eliminatingislamic radicalism throught people to people in international cooperation.Keywords : Non State Actor (NSA), Nahdlatul Ulama, ISOMIL, Islamic RadicalismAbstraksiPeran aktor non negara (NSA) dalam hubungan internasional harus dikaitkan dengan duateori IR: liberalisme dan konstruktivisme. Kedua teori tersebut tidak hanya memilikikepercayaan kuat terhadap kerja sama antar negara, tetapi juga proposisi dan instrumenteoritis utama mereka memiliki unit analisis yang sama: manusia. Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)Indonesia, organisasi islam terbesar di dunia dengan jumlah anggota lebih dari 50 juta,harus dianggap sebagai aktor non-negara (NSA) yang dapat memainkan perannya dalammelawan ancaman serius dunia terakhir: terorisme dan radikalisme islam. KTTInternasional Pemimpin Islam Moderat (ISOMIL) yang diselenggarakan oleh NahdlatulUlama pada bulan Mei 2016 di Jakarta yang dihadiri oleh 300 pemimpin umat Islam darilebih 30 negara sangat menarik untuk didiskusikan dalam hal posisinya sebagai salah satuorganisasi yang berpengaruh di dunia islam. Makalah ini akan membahas sejarah singkatNahdlatul Ulama Indonesia, perannya dalam melenyapkan radikalisme islam di Indonesiadan menyebarkan Islam moderat ke seluruh dunia melalui ISOMIL. Makalah ini tidakdimaksudkan untuk mengidealkan peran aktor non negara dalam membandingkan denganpemerintah atau aktor negara itu sendiri, melainkan, untuk menunjukkan pentingnyakontribusi aktor non-negara dalam menghapus radikalisme Islam kepada orang-orang dalamkerjasama internasional.Kata kunci: Aktor Non Negara (NSA), Nahdlatul Ulama, ISOMIL, Radikalisme Islam

scholarly journals Peaceful Thai, Violent Malay(-Muslim): A Case Study of the “Problematic” Muslim citizens of Southern Thailand

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroja Dorairajoo
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
Identity Constructions ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
History Of

This paper tries to understand why the Malay-speaking Muslims of southern Thailand are viewed perpetual national security threats by looking at some deep-seated identity constructions that aligns Malay identity with violence and Thai identity with peace and patriotism. By insisting that southern Thai Malay-Muslims identify as Thai rather than as Malay, the Thai state and its Buddhist citizens view Malay-Muslims insistence on their Malay identity as not only a rejection of Thai-ness but also as a threat to the sovereignty of the Thai nation-state. By comparing the Thai-Malays with the Thai-Chinese, the most discriminated minority in the history of Thailand, the author argues that forging of economic links within and outside of Thailand has helped the Thai-Chinese attain both political and economic success in Thailand while the promotion of separatist identities such as Malay and Islam have bequeathed the Thai-Malays with a legacy of violence.

Ethical Foreign Policy in a Multipolar World

2018 ◽  
pp. 494-507
Author(s):  
Tim Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cold War

For much of the history of academic International Relations, foreign policy has understated the role of ethics in the theory and practice of statecraft. As discussed in the first part of the chapter, it was not until the critical and normative turn of the 1980s and 1990s that ethics assumed a significant role in the study of foreign policy. Ethics also rose to prominence in the language and commitments of a number of modernizing centre-left governments claiming to be agents of the common good. The second part of the chapter treats humanitarianism as a case study because it illustrates how ethics and foreign policy are configured in practice. While it is true that human rights significantly contributed to the end of the Cold War, it is also the case that erosion of the liberal international order poses stark questions for the resilience of humanitarianism in a deeply divided world.

Press Propaganda and Subaltern Agents of Pan-Islamic Networks in the Muslim Mediterranean World prior to World War I

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World War I ◽  
North Africa ◽  
World War ◽  
Subaltern Studies ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
The Press ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
History Of

This chapter explores movement and circulation across the Mediterranean and seeks to contribute to a history of proto-nationalism in the Maghrib and the Middle East at a particular moment prior to World War I. The discussion is particularly concerned with the interface of two Mediterranean spaces: the Middle East (Egypt, Ottoman Empire) and North Africa (Morocco), where the latter is viewed as a case study where resistance movements sought external allies as a way of compensating for their internal weakness. Applying methods developed by Subaltern Studies, and linking macro-historical approaches, namely of a translocal movement in the Muslim Mediterranean, it explores how the Egypt-based society, al-Ittihad al-Maghribi, through its agent, Aref Taher, used the press as an instrument for political propaganda, promoting its Pan-Islamic programme and its goal of uniting North Africa.

The Use and Misuse of Religious Language: Zionism and the Palestinians

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wetherell
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Title Deed ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Question

Every discipline which deals with the land question in Canaan-Palestine-Israel is afflicted by the problem of specialisation. The political scientist and historian usually discuss the issue of land in Israel purely in terms of interethnic and international relations, biblical scholars concentrate on the historical and archaeological question with virtually no reference to ethics, and scholars of human rights usually evade the question of God. What follows is an attempt, through theology and political history, to understand the history of the Israel-Palestine land question in a way which respects the complexity of the question. From a scrutiny of the language used in the Bible to the development of political Zionism from the late 19th century it is possible to see the way in which a secular movement mobilised the figurative language of religion into a literal ‘title deed’ to the land of Palestine signed by God.

Turning Aliens into Socialists

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Jessica Moberg
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swedish History ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Highly Evolved

Immediately after the Second World War Sweden was struck by a wave of sightings of strange flying objects. In some cases these mass sightings resulted in panic, particularly after authorities failed to identify them. Decades later, these phenomena were interpreted by two members of the Swedish UFO movement, Erland Sandqvist and Gösta Rehn, as alien spaceships, or UFOs. Rehn argued that ‘[t]here is nothing so dramatic in the Swedish history of UFOs as this invasion of alien fly-things’ (Rehn 1969: 50). In this article the interpretation of such sightings proposed by these authors, namely that we are visited by extraterrestrials from outer space, is approached from the perspective of myth theory. According to this mythical theme, not only are we are not alone in the universe, but also the history of humankind has been shaped by encounters with more highly-evolved alien beings. In their modern day form, these kinds of ideas about aliens and UFOs originated in the United States. The reasoning of Sandqvist and Rehn exemplifies the localization process that took place as members of the Swedish UFO movement began to produce their own narratives about aliens and UFOs. The question I will address is: in what ways do these stories change in new contexts? Texts produced by the Swedish UFO movement are analyzed as a case study of this process.

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