scholarly journals Critical Design Decisions in the Development of the Standard for Process Assessment

2013 ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence P. Rout
Keyword(s):  
Process Assessment ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Critical Design

scholarly journals NOVICE DESIGNERS' USE OF PROTOTYPES AS COMMUNICATION TOOLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2277-2286
Author(s):  
Sandeep Krishnakumar ◽  
Carlye Lauff ◽  
Christopher McComb ◽  
Catherine Berdanier ◽  
Jessica Menold
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Undergraduate Engineering ◽  
Novice Designers ◽  
Future Work

AbstractPrototypes are critical design artifacts, and recent studies have established the ability of prototypes to facilitate communication. However, prior work suggests that novice designers often fail to perceive prototypes as effective communication tools, and struggle to rationalize design decisions made during prototyping tasks. To understand the interactions between communication and prototypes, design pitches from 40 undergraduate engineering design teams were collected and qualitatively analysed. Our findings suggest that students used prototypes to explain and persuade, aligning with prior studies of design practitioners. The results also suggest that students tend to use prototypes to justify design decisions and adverse outcomes. Future work will seek to understand novice designers’ use of prototypes as communication tools in further depth. Ultimately, this work will inform the creation of pedagogical strategies to provide students with the skills needed to effectively communicate design solutions and intent.

scholarly journals A Design Case for Implementing a Collaborative Strategy for Online Teams

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Funda Ergulec ◽  
Janet Mannheimer Zydney
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Design ◽  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Course Development ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Online Collaborative Learning ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Design Case ◽  
Building Activities

This paper describes a half semester long curricular and instructional design project focusing on the design and implementation of a collaborative strategy into a fully online graduate class in adult education. The purposeful group as-signment and team building strategy, collectively called the collaborative strategy, represents an instructional approach designed to increase the effectiveness of online collaborative learning. In this context, students are strategically assigned to teams based on their study habits, and they participate in several team-building activities designed to maintain the collaborative learning. This paper presents critical design decisions made during the course development, the reasons for those decisions, failures in which the design did not work as planned, and a reflection on the design.

A Design Knowledge Management Framework for Active Design Support

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gundong Francis Pahng ◽  
Sungdo Ha ◽  
Sehyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Design Knowledge ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Design Support ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Active Design

Abstract Product design is a knowledge-intensive activity. Many product development companies have recognized that design knowledge obtained by individual designers is a valuable asset to a company for enhancing the competitiveness of products the company designs and produces. Therefore, companies are becoming more concerned with the effective use of design knowledge accumulated over previous design practices and the qualitative and quantitative utilization of the knowledge toward the rapidly changing market. This paper presents a design knowledge management framework called Active Design Support (ADS). ADS framework is aimed to provide designers with critical design knowledge and guide them toward rational design decisions based upon relevant design errors and successful design decisions in the past during product development processes. Based upon a formal information modeling for managing design information, ADS framework determines and proactively provides the critical design knowledge for designers. To provide an intuitive starting point for retrieving design knowledge, ADS framework also provides a set of different viewpoint, called Knowledge Perspective, for browsing the knowledge base of ADS framework.

OPTIMAL RANDOM AGE REPLACEMENT FOR AVAILABILITY

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (05) ◽  
pp. 1250021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN E. ANGUS ◽  
MENG-LAI YIN ◽  
KISHOR TRIVEDI
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Optimal Rate ◽  
Maintenance Policy ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
System Availability ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Age Replacement

An age replacement maintenance policy is considered here, in which a system is restored whenever it fails, or ages without failure up to a preventive maintenance epoch (whichever comes first). The duration of the restoration activity is random, and depends on whether it was precipitated by a failure or by a preventive maintenance action. The case where the preventive maintenance epoch is deterministic has been studied previously, and shown to be optimal in a certain sense. Here, we consider the case where the preventive maintenance epoch is randomized, which is more realistic for many systems. The system availability is the long run proportion of time that the system is operational (i.e., not undergoing repair or preventive maintenance). The optimal rate of preventive maintenance to maximize availability is considered, along with sufficient conditions for such an optimum to exist. The results obtained herein are useful to systems engineers in making critical design decisions.

Delivering the well-tempered institution of 1873

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Cook ◽  
Tanis Hinchcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Service Design ◽  
The State ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Critical Design

The Museum of Natural History, London, typified the state of environmental service design in large public buildings when construction started in 1873, as described in an earlier paper in arq, vol. 2. Its exemplary systems included both ventilation with heating and the architect's use of towers, especially the novel multi-sleeved versions which he described as ‘thermosyphonic’, as ventilation exhausts. This paper describes how, both in critical design decisions during construction and in physical adjustments made after its occupation in 1881, the Museum reveals both contemporary practices and the professional skills of its architect and engineer.

Critical Design Decisions for Cognitive Networks

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Thomas ◽  
L. A. DaSilva ◽  
M. V. Marathe ◽  
K. N. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Critical Design

A Non-Deterministic Approach to Concept Selection Using S-Pareto Frontiers

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Mattson ◽  
Achille Messac
Keyword(s):  
Design Parameters ◽  
Concept Selection ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Model Fidelity ◽  
Engineering Design Process ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Pareto Frontiers

The most significant design decisions are typically made during the conceptual phase of the engineering design process, when critical design features are proposed, evaluated and selected. In this paper, we explore the critical task of concept selection and propose a non-deterministic, optimization-based approach for selecting the most promising concept. The method presented in this paper builds upon the recently-proposed s-Pareto based concept selection approach. Within the framework of the s-Pareto approach, so-called s-Pareto frontiers are obtained by using the definition of Pareto optimality to identify Pareto optimal solutions that pertain to a set of distinct concepts. These s-Pareto frontiers are used to assess the tradeoffs between various proposed concepts during conceptual design. The s-Pareto approach is a marked departure from traditional concept selection methods and from the traditional use of Pareto frontiers. In this work the s-Pareto approach is extended to include uncertainties caused by stochastic design parameters as well as low model fidelity. More specifically, the reliability of design decisions is accounted for in the decision-making process. Two approaches are presented for performing non-deterministic concept selection. Two examples are given that support the approach.

Design Relations

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Rinderle ◽  
Eric R. Colburn
Keyword(s):  
Constrained Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Experiential Knowledge ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Constrained Optimization Problems ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
System Knowledge

Abstract During preliminary design, designers make critical design decisions based on their experiential knowledge of the characteristics of the components that comprise a system. In particular designers understand the inherent relationship between the form a device will take and the behavior it will exhibit and use this knowledge to estimate characteristics of components and thus evaluate a system. Knowledge of these design relations are gained with experience, but even an experienced designer may not understand the design relations for an unfamiliar device. It is therefore useful to obtain this information automatically and provide it directly to the designer to supplement experience. In this paper we discuss the nature of design relations and show that these relations are inherent in the physics, shaped by the constraints, and dependent upon the context of the design. We describe a method for automatically identifying these relations from a constraint-based model of a device which is based on solving a sequence of constrained optimization problems.

Interplay between Constraints and Rewards in Innovation Tournaments: Implications for Participation

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 2040004
Author(s):  
Swanand J. Deodhar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Association ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Tournament Design ◽  
Reward Amount

In this study, we examine how the monetary rewards and competitive constraints that organizers of innovation tournaments incorporate are associated with participation. These two aspects of innovation tournaments are crucial because they represent critical design decisions that the organizers must make beforehand. We show that the reward amount is negatively associated with participation, while the presence of competitive constraints, which “make the competitive landscape less asymmetric”, is positively associated with participation. Furthermore, the study shows that competitive constraints moderate the negative association between reward amount and participation. These findings provide insights into contestant motivation as well as the interdependencies between tournament design choices.

Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of an Origami-Inspired Optical Shield for the Starshade Spacecraft

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landen Bowen ◽  
Brian Trease ◽  
Mary Frecker ◽  
Timothy Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Design Requirement ◽  
Deployable Structures ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Shield Design

The Starshade is a future exoplanet discovery mission consisting of a satellite and a 34 meter diameter starshade used to block the light of a star of interest, enhancing visualization of the orbiting planets. The starshade itself is composed of a number of 7 meter long petals surrounding a 20 meter diameter optical shield. A critical design requirement of the optical shield is stowage in a 3 meter diameter area during launch. Origami has been investigated as a means of collapsing the optical shield, specifically a family of action origami models known as “flashers.” In this paper a dynamic model of an optical shield design candidate based on a flasher pattern is created in Adams 2014. As these patterns can have many parts and joints, a method for the automatic creation of dynamic models using information about the geometry of the crease pattern is utilized. As the fabricated optical shield panels will be somewhat flexible, each quadrilateral panel is modeled as two rigid triangles connected with a joint. The effect of joint stiffness on the forces and torques developed during deployment is investigated. It is found that the optical shield design is rigid foldable if the panel flexibility is taken into account by additional joints, which are found to bend from 10° – 40°. Joint forces are predicted over the deployment, and maximum and average joint forces are tabulated. These and other insights gained from the dynamic model can help guide future Starshade design decisions, and similar analyses can be performed for other origami-inspired deployable structures.

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