The Role of Local State Officials in Village Elections

2014 ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Guohui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Local State ◽  
Village Elections

The Role of International ngos in the Development of Democracy in Rural China

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-187
Author(s):  
Dongshui Yin ◽  
Xiaoguang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Village Elections ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
International Ngos ◽  
Fast Movement ◽  
The Government

The involvement of international non-governmental organizations (ingos) in the efforts to develop democracy is a global phenomenon in the context of globalization. ingos have played a part in the development of democracy in rural China. Given domestic reformers’ technical need for village elections, the important role of village elections, and the vision of ingos for boosting democracy, ingos have sought cooperation with the government and reached where village elections are held with their resources to provide financial, technical, intellectual and other support for pushing forward elections and the reform. To some extent, these ingos have contributed to the development of democracy in rural China. However, the large-scale fast movement of people in China has resulted in a large number of “vacant” villages. Against such a backdrop, ingos have shown less interest in village elections and shifted some of their attention to other areas. In the process of developing democracy, China should adopt an open and rational attitude towards the ingos, take advantage of their strengths, and avoid considering them either angels or demons.

scholarly journals Relocating African Agency: Assessing the Role of ‘Local Patrons’ and Chinese Enterprises in the Construction Sector in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Chris Alden ◽  
Nathaniel Ocquaye
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Local State ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Chinese Firms ◽  
Chinese Enterprises ◽  
Construction Firms ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Local Actors

Contrary to the conventional notion that African agency outside of the state is marginal if not irrelevant, this paper argues that it is ‘local patrons’ in Africa who are actually the most powerful determinants of the success of Chinese enterprises in Africa. These ‘local patrons’ exact financial resources from the Chinese in exchange for their services as brokers between state officials. Specifically, their ‘informal connections’ to local state authorities enables them to insure the Chinese firms against official state prosecution/demands as well as facilitate related bureaucratic procedures. Using the case of the Chinese construction firms operating in Ghana, we will investigate the challenges experienced by Chinese firms entering into new markets and the strategies utilised by them to address and mitigate risk in their search for profit, chief amongst them the employment of ‘local patrons’ to serve as brokers with state officials. This relocation of agency, drawing from scholarship by Mohan, Lampert and Soule-Kohndou as well as the empirical materials based on substantive fieldwork, provides new insights into terms of engagement with local actors that form a bonded relationship facilitating integration of Chinese enterprises into the African political economy.

THE ROLE OF PARTY AND KOMSOMOL ACTIVISTS IN THE LOCAL STATE SECURITY AGENCIES MANAGEMENT IN 1920-1930. (ON THE EXAMPLE OF OREL AND OMSK)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
A.B. GULARYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Local State ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
State Security ◽  
Local Party

The purpose of the article is to use archival material collected in the archives of Orel, Voronezh, Omsk and Novosibirsk to reveal the role of party and Komsomol activists in the leadership of the OGPU bodies in the regions of Orel and Omsk. The comparative analysis showed that similar processes took place in the regions. The OGPU bodies were locally controlled by the party apparatus, but, in turn, they monitored the behavior of ordinary communists and Komsomol members, and in some cases during the period of party purges, the leading employees as well. In some cases, there was ‘linkage’ between the Chekist and the Party-Chekist leadership, which allowed to weaken the control of party bodies. In addition, from the mid-1920s the process of removing the OGPU from the local party bodies control was launched, which remained only for the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. This, according to the author of the article, contributed to the «great purge» of 1937.

scholarly journals ‘The secret garden’: Artists, bohemia and gentrification in the Ouseburn Valley, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Whiting ◽  
Kevin Hannam
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Local State ◽  
Creative Class ◽  
Property Development ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Creative City ◽  
The Secret Garden ◽  
Newcastle Upon Tyne

Research has pointed to the importance of artists in the early stages of gentrification; however, few studies have examined specifically the meaning of gentrification and place-change from the perspective of artists themselves, and few studies have investigated the role of ‘creative city’ policies as unintended drivers of gentrification processes. This study generates insights into artists’ own views of gentrification processes within the gentrifying bohemia of the Ouseburn Valley in Newcastle upon Tyne in the North East of England. We stress that gentrification in this area cannot solely be understood as a process of displacement, but is also clearly linked to the growth of modes of regulation and commercialisation within social space. Increasing regulation, brought about by greater local state focus on ‘creative districts’, has impacted the Valley. Alongside this, projects of property development as well as a general growth in the popularity of the Valley as a nightlife consumption district and area of production for commercially-orientated creative class workers have challenged artists’ values of the area as a ‘secret garden’ where romantically inflected values of self-expression, autonomy, spontaneity and non-instrumental artist cooperation can be found.

scholarly journals Transnational Governmentality and the Politics of Life and Death

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Shakhsari
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Local State ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Politics Of Life

One can ignore neither the role of diasporas nor colonial and imperial discourses of modernity in the construction of normative sexual identities and practices in the Middle East, whether in the past or the present. This is not to dismiss “local” forms of regulation, disciplining, and normalization of queers, but to point to the way that “local” state and nonstate norms of sexuality are not detached from “global” trends and transnational relationships of power. My own work on gender and sexuality within Iranian diasporic contexts engages with scholarship that postulates sexuality as a form of transnational governmentality and with analyses of homonationalism and necropolitics. I examine the representational economy of queer deaths during the “war on terror” and suggest that the Iranian transgender refugee, who has become a highly representable subject as a victim of Iranian transphobia in the civilizational discourses of the “war on terror,” dies an unspeakable death if her death disrupts the promise of freedom after flight.

How and Why Implicit Attitudes Should Affect Voting

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (03) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Glaser ◽  
Christopher Finn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local State ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Implicit Biases

This article provides a foundation for understanding the role of implicit biases in political behavior, particularly implicit racial attitudes and voting behavior. Although racial attitudes have rarely played a major direct role in American presidential politics until 2008, numerous local, state, and federal elections are held every year in the United States that involve minority candidates. As a result, the implications are considerable.

scholarly journals Unfree Labor, Apprenticeship and the Rise of the Victorian Hull Fishing Industry: An Example of the Importance of Law and the Local State in British Economic Change

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Local State ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Labor Discipline ◽  
Unfree Labor ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
And Control

Within the last decade there has been considerable renewed attention on the importance of British master and servant law in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a means of labor discipline and control. This article argues for further analyses of how the law was used within local contexts and specific industries and calls for increased focus on the role of the local state in labor relations. It argues that unfree labor played an important role in the development of some industries, and challenges claims of the demise of apprenticeship in later nineteenth-century England. Through an analysis of the Hull fish trawling industry in 1864–1875 it demonstrates that the exploitation of apprentice labor, and the control of fishing apprentices through punitive master–servant prosecutions were vital to the expansion of the trade.

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