Immune Stimulation by Oligonucleotides

1998 ◽  
pp. 243-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Krieg
Keyword(s):  
Immune Stimulation

scholarly journals Lipoproteins Are Responsible for the Pro-Inflammatory Property of Staphylococcus aureus Extracellular Vesicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7099
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Kopparapu ◽  
Meghshree Deshmukh ◽  
Zhicheng Hu ◽  
Majd Mohammad ◽  
Marco Maugeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Major Surface ◽  
Staphylococcal Aureus

Staphylococcal aureus (S. aureus), a Gram-positive bacteria, is known to cause various infections. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous array of membranous structures secreted by cells from all three domains of life, i.e., eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea. Bacterial EVs are implied to be involved in both bacteria–bacteria and bacteria–host interactions during infections. It is still unclear how S. aureus EVs interact with host cells and induce inflammatory responses. In this study, EVs were isolated from S. aureus and mutant strains deficient in either prelipoprotein lipidation (Δlgt) or major surface proteins (ΔsrtAB). Their immunostimulatory capacities were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. We found that S. aureus EVs induced pro-inflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo. However, this activity was dependent on lipidated lipoproteins (Lpp), since EVs isolated from the Δlgt showed no stimulation. On the other hand, EVs isolated from the ΔsrtAB mutant showed full immune stimulation, indicating the cell wall anchoring of surface proteins did not play a role in immune stimulation. The immune stimulation of S. aureus EVs was mediated mainly by monocytes/macrophages and was TLR2 dependent. In this study, we demonstrated that not only free Lpp but also EV-imbedded Lpp had high pro-inflammatory activity.

Unexpectedly, low hydroxychloroquine concentration enhances DNA-induced immune stimulation in vitro: potential implication in non-compliant patients with SLE

Lupus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-218
Author(s):  
P R Hurtado ◽  
E Hurtado-Pérez ◽  
C Luo ◽  
J Bednarz ◽  
P Hissaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Potential Implication

Inoculation with Bartonella Henselae Followed by Feline Herpesvirus 1 Fails to Activate Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Chronically Infected Cats

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
CC Powell ◽  
DL Kordick ◽  
MR Lappin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Disease Free

Infection by Toxoplasma gondii is very common in cats although most remain disease free. The factors that trigger development of uveitis in some cats infected with T gondii have not been elucidated, but infection by more than one organism may be contributory. In this study, cats chronically infected with T gondii were inoculated with Bartonella henselae followed by FHV-1 to test the hypothesis that immune stimulation by multiple infections will reactivate ocular toxoplasmosis. Anterior uveitis and chorioretinitis were not detected in the cats with chronic T gondii infection thus allowing rejection of the hypothesis using this experimental design.

scholarly journals Time of day influences cytokine and clock gene response to immune stimulation in equine whole blood

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 202-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. F. McGlynn ◽  
J. A. Browne ◽  
C. M. Blake ◽  
B. A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Clock Gene ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Gene Response

Special Issue on "Immunomodulatory and therapeutic approaches against infectious diseases"

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Lavkush Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

Infectious diseases and consequent immune imbalancesare major constraint in human health managementthroughout the world. However, in recentdecades enormous efforts have been made to elucidatethe immunomodulatory approaches againstinfectious diseases. Immunomodulation is a therapeuticapproach in which we try to intervene inauto regulating processes of the defense system toadjust the immune response at a desired level.The present special issue on cutting edge issues inImmunomodulation like Immune stimulation, Immunesuppression, Immune potentiating and immunereinforcement summarizes our current understandingof this complex mosaic. The accompanyingselection of recent articles from across theworld provides further insight into this topic. 

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