Genetic Control of Pollen Development and Function

1999 ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sari-Gorla ◽  
M. E. Pè
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
And Function

GAMYB TF modulates bHLH142 and is homeostatically regulated by TDR TF during rice anther tapetal and pollen development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swee-Suak Ko ◽  
Min-Jeng Li ◽  
Yi-Cheng Ho ◽  
Chun-Ping Yu ◽  
Ting-Ting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
E Box ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Tissues

Abstract GAMYB, UDT1, TIP2/bHLH142, TDR, and EAT1/DTD are important transcription factors (TFs) that play a crucial role during rice pollen development. This study demonstrates that bHLH142 acts downstream of UDT1 and GAMYB and works as a “hub” in these two pollen pathways. We show that GAMYB modulates bHLH142 expression through specific binding to the MYB motif of bHLH142 promoter during early stage of pollen development; while TDR acts as a transcriptional repressor of the GAMYB modulation of bHLH142 by binding to the E-box close to the MYB motif on the promoter. The altered expression of TFs highlights the importance that a tight, precise, and coordinated regulation among these TFs is essential for normal pollen development. Most notably, this study illustrates the regulatory pathways of GAMYB and UDT1 that rely on bHLH142 in a direct and an indirect manner, respectively, and function in different tissues with distinct biological functions during pollen development. This study advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of rice pollen development.

TETRASPORE is required for male meiotic cytokinesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (13) ◽  
pp. 2645-2657 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Spielman ◽  
D. Preuss ◽  
F.L. Li ◽  
W.E. Browne ◽  
R.J. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
External Wall ◽  
Normal Pollen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Asymmetric Divisions ◽  
And Function

In flowering plants, male meiosis occurs in the microsporocyte to produce four microspores, each of which develops into a pollen grain. Here we describe four mutant alleles of TETRASPORE (TES), a gene essential for microsporocyte cytokinesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Following failure of male meiotic cytokinesis in tes mutants, all four microspore nuclei remain within the same cytoplasm, with some completing their developmental programmes to form functional pollen nuclei. Both of the mitotic divisions seen in normal pollen development take place in tes mutants, including the asymmetric division required for the differentiation of gametes; some tes grains perform multiple asymmetric divisions in the same cytoplasm. tes pollen shows a variety of abnormalities subsequent to the cytokinetic defect, including fusion of nuclei, formation of ectopic internal walls, and disruptions to external wall patterning. In addition, ovules fertilized by tes pollen often abort, possibly because of excess paternal genomes in the endosperm. Thus tes mutants not only reveal a gene specific to male meiosis, but aid investigation of a wide range of processes in pollen development and function.

scholarly journals Wheat shovelomics I: A field phenotyping approach for characterising the structure and function of root systems in tillering species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry M. York ◽  
Shaunagh Slack ◽  
Malcolm J Bennett ◽  
M John Foulkes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Growth Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Field Phenotyping ◽  
And Function

AbstractWheat represents a major crop, yet the current rate of yield improvement is insufficient to meet its projected global food demand. Breeding root systems more efficient for water and nitrogen capture represents a promising avenue for accelerating yield gains. Root crown phenotyping, or shovelomics, relies on excavation of the upper portions of root systems in the field and measuring root properties such as numbers, angles, densities and lengths. We report a new shovelomics method that images the whole wheat root crown, then partitions it into the main shoot and tillers for more intensive phenotyping. Root crowns were phenotyped using the new method from the Rialto × Savannah population consisting of both parents and 94 doubled-haploid lines. For the whole root crown, the main shoot, and tillers, root phenes including nodal root number, growth angle, length, and diameter were measured. Substantial variation and heritability were observed for all phenes. Principal component analysis revealed latent constructs that imply pleiotropic genetic control of several related root phenes. Correlational analysis revealed that nodal root number and growth angle correlate among the whole crown, main shoot, and tillers, indicating shared genetic control among those organs. We conclude that this phenomics approach will be useful for breeding ideotype root systems in tillering species.

scholarly journals Phosphorylation of a WRKY Transcription Factor by MAPKs Is Required for Pollen Development and Function in Arabidopsis

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e1004384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuefeng Guan ◽  
Xiangzong Meng ◽  
Reshma Khanna ◽  
Erica LaMontagne ◽  
Yidong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
And Function

Structure and function of the microtubular cytoskeleton during pollen development in Gasteria verrucosa (Mill.) H. Duval

Planta ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. M. Van Lammeren ◽  
C. J. Keijzer ◽  
M. T. M. Willemse ◽  
H. Kieft
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Microtubular Cytoskeleton ◽  
Gasteria Verrucosa ◽  
And Function

Genetic control ofYarrowia lipolytica fatty acid synthetase biosynthesis and function

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eckart Schweizer ◽  
Hartmut Köttig ◽  
Roger Regler ◽  
Gerhard Rottner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
And Function

The I-J Glycoprotein: Genetic Control, Biochemistry, and Function

1985 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen E. Hayes ◽  
Karen K. Klyczek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals 509 A Glycine-rich Protein from Tomato Involved in Pollen Wall Formation

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 533C-533
Author(s):  
Alan G. Smith ◽  
Kenneth J. McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Sporophytic Tissue ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Transgenic Tomatoes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Glycine Rich Protein

The sporophytic tissue of the anther and, in particular, the tapetum, a cell layer surrounding the pollen sac, is know to be essential for the production of pollen. The isolation and characterization of the gene 92B from tomato that encodes an extracellular glycine rich protein (GRP) has been used to further elucidate the role of the tapetum in pollen development. RNA from the 92B gene accumulates exclusively in the tapetum. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the 92B GRP detect four proteins in stamens with microspores beginning meiosis. In pollen extracts, the antibodies detect a single protein. Expression of the tomato 92B gene in transgenic tobacco indicates that the four protein products are derived from only the 92B gene. The 92B GRP is localized to the tapetum, the callose wall of microspore mother cells, the exine (outer wall) of mature pollen, and orbicules. Orbicules are globular bodies derived from tapetal material that form on the tapetum wall and line the exterior of the pollen sac. Expression of 92B antisense RNA resulted in a significant decrease of 92B RNA and protein levels in transgenic tomatoes. This reduction was correlated with a decrease in pollen germination and an abnormal exine morphology. The function of the 92B protein in pollen development and function will be discussed.

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