scholarly journals Wheat shovelomics I: A field phenotyping approach for characterising the structure and function of root systems in tillering species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry M. York ◽  
Shaunagh Slack ◽  
Malcolm J Bennett ◽  
M John Foulkes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Growth Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Field Phenotyping ◽  
And Function

AbstractWheat represents a major crop, yet the current rate of yield improvement is insufficient to meet its projected global food demand. Breeding root systems more efficient for water and nitrogen capture represents a promising avenue for accelerating yield gains. Root crown phenotyping, or shovelomics, relies on excavation of the upper portions of root systems in the field and measuring root properties such as numbers, angles, densities and lengths. We report a new shovelomics method that images the whole wheat root crown, then partitions it into the main shoot and tillers for more intensive phenotyping. Root crowns were phenotyped using the new method from the Rialto × Savannah population consisting of both parents and 94 doubled-haploid lines. For the whole root crown, the main shoot, and tillers, root phenes including nodal root number, growth angle, length, and diameter were measured. Substantial variation and heritability were observed for all phenes. Principal component analysis revealed latent constructs that imply pleiotropic genetic control of several related root phenes. Correlational analysis revealed that nodal root number and growth angle correlate among the whole crown, main shoot, and tillers, indicating shared genetic control among those organs. We conclude that this phenomics approach will be useful for breeding ideotype root systems in tillering species.

scholarly journals Inheritable testicular metabolic memory of high-fat diet causes transgenerational sperm defects in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Crisóstomo ◽  
Ivana Jarak ◽  
Luís P. Rato ◽  
João F. Raposo ◽  
Rachel L. Batterham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Memory ◽  
High Fat ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe consumption of energy-dense diets has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities worldwide. The adoption of unhealthy feeding habits often occurs at early age, prompting the early onset of metabolic disease with unknown consequences for reproductive function later in life. Recently, evidence has emerged regarding the intergenerational and transgenerational effects of high-fat diets (HFD) on sperm parameters and testicular metabolism. Hereby, we study the impact of high-fat feeding male mice (F0) on the testicular metabolome and function of their sons (F1) and grandsons (F2). Testicular content of metabolites related to insulin resistance, cell membrane remodeling, nutritional support and antioxidative stress (leucine, acetate, glycine, glutamine, inosine) were altered in sons and grandsons of mice fed with HFD, comparing to descendants of chow-fed mice. Sperm counts were lower in the grandsons of mice fed with HFD, even if transient. Sperm quality was correlated to testicular metabolite content in all generations. Principal Component Analysis of sperm parameters and testicular metabolites revealed an HFD-related phenotype, especially in the diet-challenged generation and their grandsons. Ancestral HFD, even if transient, causes transgenerational “inherited metabolic memory” in the testicular tissue, characterized by changes in testicular metabolome and function.

The genetic architecture of nodal root number in maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihai Zhang ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Zhelong Lin ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Mingliang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Nodal Root

scholarly journals Fibre attributes and mapping the cultivar influence of different industrial cellulosic crops (cotton, hemp, flax, and canola) on textile properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikra Iftekhar Shuvo
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Textile Fibre ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Production Engineering ◽  
Hemp Fibres ◽  
Likelihood Analysis ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
And Function

Abstract Natural lignocellulosic fibres (NLF) extracted from different industrial crops (like cotton, hemp, flax, and canola) have taken a growing share of the overall global use of natural fibres required for manufacturing consumer apparels and textile substrate. The attributes of these constituent NLF determine the end product (textiles) performance and function. Structural and microscopic studies have highlighted the key behaviors of these NLF and understanding these behaviors is essential to regulate their industrial production, engineering applications, and harness their benefits. Breakthrough scientific successes have demonstrated textile fibre properties and significantly different mechanical and structural behavioral patterns related to different cultivars of NLF, but a broader agenda is needed to study these behaviors. Influence of key fibre attributes of NLF and properties of different cultivars on the performance of textiles are defined in this review. A likelihood analysis using scattergram and Pearson’s correlation followed by a two-dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) to single-out key properties explain the variations and investigate the probabilities of any cluster of similar fibre profiles. Finally, a Weibull distribution determined probabilistic breaking tenacities of different fibres after statistical analysis of more than 60 (N > 60) cultivars of cotton, canola, flax, and hemp fibres.

Genetic Control of Pollen Development and Function

1999 ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sari-Gorla ◽  
M. E. Pè
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Flow profile characteristics in Fontan circulation are associated with the single ventricle dilation and function: principal component analysis study

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (5) ◽  
pp. H1032-H1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Schäfer ◽  
Benjamin S. Frank ◽  
Stephen M. Humphries ◽  
Kendall S. Hunter ◽  
Katherine L. Carmody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Ventricle ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Fontan Circulation ◽  
Collateral Flow ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function ◽  
Flow Waveforms

The Fontan circulation is characterized as a nonpulsatile flow propagation without a pressure-generating ventricle. However, flow through the Fontan circulation still exhibits oscillatory waves as a result of pressure changes generated by the systemic single ventricle. Identification of discrete flow patterns through the Fontan circuit may be important to understand single ventricle performance. Ninety-seven patients with Fontan circulation underwent phase-contrast MRI of the right pulmonary artery, yielding subject-specific flow waveforms. Principal component (PC) analysis was performed on preprocessed flow waveforms. Principal components were then correlated with standard MRI indices of function, volume, and aortopulmonary collateral flow. The first principal component (PC) described systolic versus diastolic-dominant flow through the Fontan circulation, accounting for 31.3% of the variance in all waveforms. The first PC correlated with end-diastolic volume ( R = 0.34, P = 0.001), and end-systolic volume ( R = 0.30, P = 0.003), cardiac index ( R = 0.51, P < 0.001), and the amount of aortopulmonary collateral flow ( R = 0.25, P = 0.027)—lower ventricular volumes and a smaller volume of collateral flow—were associated with diastolic-dominant cavopulmonary flow. The second PC accounted for 19.5% of variance and described late diastolic acceleration versus deceleration and correlated with ejection fraction—diastolic deceleration was associated with higher ejection fraction. Principal components describing the diastolic flow variations in pulmonary arteries are related to the single ventricle function and volumes. Particularly, diastolic-dominant flow without late acceleration appears to be related to preserved ventricular volume and function, respectively. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The exact physiological significance of flow oscillations of phasic and temporal flow variations in Fontan circulation is unknown. With the use of principal component analysis, we discovered that flow variations in the right pulmonary artery of Fontan patients are related to the single ventricle function and volumes. Particularly, diastolic-dominant flow without late acceleration appears to be related to more ideal ventricular volume and systolic function, respectively.

scholarly journals Elevated CO2 and nitrate levels increase wheat root-associated bacterial abundance and impact rhizosphere microbial community composition and function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Usyskin-Tonne ◽  
Yitzhak Hadar ◽  
Uri Yermiyahu ◽  
Dror Minz
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Secretion Systems ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mannose Metabolism

AbstractElevated CO2 stimulates plant growth and affects quantity and composition of root exudates, followed by response of its microbiome. Three scenarios representing nitrate fertilization regimes: limited (30 ppm), moderate (70 ppm) and excess nitrate (100 ppm) were compared under ambient and elevated CO2 (eCO2, 850 ppm) to elucidate their combined effects on root-surface-associated bacterial community abundance, structure and function. Wheat root-surface-associated microbiome structure and function, as well as soil and plant properties, were highly influenced by interactions between CO2 and nitrate levels. Relative abundance of total bacteria per plant increased at eCO2 under excess nitrate. Elevated CO2 significantly influenced the abundance of genes encoding enzymes, transporters and secretion systems. Proteobacteria, the largest taxonomic group in wheat roots (~ 75%), is the most influenced group by eCO2 under all nitrate levels. Rhizobiales, Burkholderiales and Pseudomonadales are responsible for most of these functional changes. A correlation was observed among the five gene-groups whose abundance was significantly changed (secretion systems, particularly type VI secretion system, biofilm formation, pyruvate, fructose and mannose metabolism). These changes in bacterial abundance and gene functions may be the result of alteration in root exudation at eCO2, leading to changes in bacteria colonization patterns and influencing their fitness and proliferation.

Right ventricular morphology and function analysis in moderately preterm-born young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mohamed ◽  
P Lamata ◽  
W Williamson ◽  
M Alsharqi ◽  
C.M.J Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Pulmonary Circulation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Moderately Preterm ◽  
Preterm Born ◽  
And Function ◽  
Rv Function

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that prematurity leads to altered right ventricular (RV) geometry and performance with persistent impairments in RV systolic function in young adulthood. It is unknown to what extent pulmonary physiology impacts these findings. Purpose To better quantify known alterations in RV morphology and function in preterm-born young adults and to determine to what extent these changes are influenced by the pulmonary circulation. Methods A total of 101 normotensive preterm-born (n=47, mean gestational age 32.8±3.2 weeks) and term-born (n=54) young adults were recruited. Echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging were performed to characterise RV morphology, RV function, pulmonary hemodynamics and RV-pulmonary arterial vascular (PA) coupling. CMR cine images were used to create a 3D computational atlas of the RV geometry and principal component analysis was undertaken to identify the key modes of shape variation. Spirometry was performed to assess lung function. Results RV CMR revealed a higher absolute and indexed RV mass (P&lt;0.05) and lower ejection fraction (54.90±5.17 versus 57.48±4.39%, P=0.008) in young adults born preterm. RV end-diastolic areas and volumes for CMR and echocardiography were lower in preterm-born compared to term-born young adults (P≤0.001). Principal component analysis of the computational atlas defined the anatomical modes of the RV geometry, with mode 1 accounting for 25.3% of the population variance. Preterm and term cohorts showed significant differences (P&lt;0.001) in mode 1, which represented a smaller and shorter RV cavity in the preterm group (Figure 1). Measurements of RV function by echocardiography, including RV fractional area of change (FAC) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), were lower in preterm-born compared to term-born adults (P&lt;0.05). Despite lower pulmonary artery acceleration times (PAAT) in those born preterm (141.1±15.1 versus 159.2±21.6msec, P&lt;0.001), indicating increased pulmonary vascular resistance, the RV remained coupled to its pulmonary circulation (TAPSE/PAAT: 0.13±0.02 versus 0.14±0.03m/sec, P=0.153). Reduced RV performance in preterm-born individuals remained significant when adjusting for pulmonary function parameters (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions Multimodality cardiac imaging demonstrated that moderately preterm-born young adults exhibit structural and functional RV alterations, independent of lung physiology. Their RV remains hemodynamically coupled to its pulmonary circulation despite higher RV afterload, lower RV function and altered morphology. Figure 1. Statistical shape model of the RV Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation

scholarly journals Phenotypic variability in bread wheat root systems at the early vegetative stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinglong Chen ◽  
Jairo Palta ◽  
P. V. Vara Prasad ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Vegetative Stage

Evaluation Study on the Network Impact Index of WeChat Based on Principal Component Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 7676-7679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Impact Index ◽  
And Function

WeChat software is an important social tool in modern society. This paper discusses the network impact of WeChat from ten aspects including WeChat popularity, attention, video observability, network reputation, function usability, dissemination speed of information, transmission ratio of positive energy and impact of WeChat on network economy, politics and culture, and questionnaires on these ten influence factors are distributed to college students for investigation. Principal component analysis is used to deal with the survey results, the principal components of the ten factors are extracted, and the results show that WeChat popularity, attention, video observability, network reputation and function usability are the main components, in which WeChat popularity, attention and video observability are the factors having the greatest impact on the calculation. And this paper presents the function relationship between the main principal components of WeChat network impact index and these ten influence factors, to evaluate the network impact index of WeChat.

scholarly journals An automatic segmentation method for scanned images of wheat root systems with dark discolourations

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Gocławski ◽  
Joanna Sekulska-Nalewajko ◽  
Ewa Gajewska ◽  
Marzena Wielanek
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Health State ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Clustering ◽  
Scanned Images ◽  
Plant Root System

An automatic segmentation method for scanned images of wheat root systems with dark discolourationsThe analysis of plant root system images plays an important role in the diagnosis of plant health state, the detection of possible diseases and growth distortions. This paper describes an initial stage of automatic analysis—the segmentation method for scanned images of Ni-treated wheat roots from hydroponic culture. The main roots of a wheat fibrous system are placed separately in the scanner view area on a high chroma background (blue or red). The first stage of the method includes the transformation of a scanned RGB image into the HCI (Hue-Chroma-Intensity) colour space and then local thresholding of the chroma component to extract a binary root image. Possible chromatic discolourations, different from background colour, are added to the roots from blue or red chroma subcomponent images after thresholding. At the second stage, dark discolourations are extracted by local fuzzy c-means clustering of an HCI intensity image within the binary root mask. Fuzzy clustering is applied in local windows around the series of sample points on roots medial axes (skeleton). The performance of the proposed method is compared with hand-labelled segmentation for a series of several root systems.

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