Practical Value of Cytochemical Studies for the Classification of Acute Leukemias

1973 ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Flandrin ◽  
M. T. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemias

scholarly journals Place of cytology in the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
W. Quiddi ◽  
H. Boumaazi ◽  
S. Ed-dyb ◽  
H. Yahyaoui ◽  
M. Aitameur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Systemic Mastocytosis ◽  
Bone Marrow Involvement ◽  
Acute Leukemias ◽  
Activating Mutations ◽  
Myeloid Neoplasms ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Cutaneous Mastocytosis

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of rare diseases related to the clonal, neoplastic proliferation of morphologically and immunophenotypically abnormal mast cells, that accumulate in one or more organ systems. Their pathophysiology is dominated by activating mutations in C-Kit (Stem Cell Factor receptor). Several pathological forms have been described ranging from isolated cutaneous mastocytosis affecting mainly children, to aggressive systemic mastocytosis described mainly in adults with bone marrow involvement. According to the WHO 2016 classification of hematological malignancies, systemic mastocytosis appear as a new entity of "myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias" that combines cytology (abnormal mast cells) with other genetic and molecular criteria. We describe through this observation the practical side of hematological cytology in the diagnostic orientation of this serious, rare and underestimated pathology.

Acute Leukemia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Larson ◽  
Roland B Walter
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Acute Leukemias ◽  
Acute Myeloid

The acute leukemias are malignant clonal disorders characterized by aberrant differentiation and proliferation of transformed hematopoietic progenitor cells. These cells accumulate within the bone marrow and lead to suppression of the production of normal blood cells, with resulting symptoms from varying degrees of anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia or from infiltration into tissues. They are currently classified by their presumed cell of origin, although the field is moving rapidly to genetic subclassification. This review covers epidemiology; etiology; classification of leukemia by morphology, immunophenotyping, and cytogenetic/molecular abnormalities; cytogenetics of acute leukemia; general principles of therapy; acute myeloid leukemia; acute lymphoblastic leukemia; and future possibilities. The figure shows the incidence of acute leukemias in the United States. Tables list World Health Organization (WHO) classification of acute myeloid leukemia and related neoplasms, expression of cell surface and cytoplasmic markers for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia and mixed-phenotype acute leukemia, WHO classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, WHO classification of acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage, WHO classification of myelodysplastic syndromes, European LeukemiaNet cytogenetic and molecular genetic subsets in acute myeloid leukemia with prognostic importance, cytogenetic and molecular subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, terminology used in leukemia treatment, and treatment outcome for adults with acute leukemia. This review contains 1 highly rendered figure, 9 tables, and 117 references.

Contribution of Electron Microscopy to the Classification of Minimally Differentiated Acute Leukemias in Children

1993 ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. van Wering ◽  
P. Brederoo ◽  
G. J. van Staalduinen ◽  
J. van der Meulen ◽  
B. E. M. van der Linden-Schrever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acute Leukemias

scholarly journals Multifaceted Approach to the Diagnosis and Classification of Acute Leukemias

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1252-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Remission Induction ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Acute Leukemias ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification

Abstract Until recently, the diagnosis and classification of acute myeloid (AML) and acute lymphoblastic (ALL) leukemias was based almost exclusively on well-defined morphologic criteria and cytochemical stains. Although most cases can be diagnosed by these methods, there is only modest correlation between morphologic categories and treatment responsiveness and prognosis. The expansion of therapeutic options and improvement in remission induction and disease-free survival for both AML and ALL have stimulated emphasis on defining good and poor treatment response groups. This is most effectively accomplished by a multifaceted approach to diagnosis and classification using immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular analysis in addition to the traditional methods. Immunophenotyping is important in characterizing morphologically poorly differentiated acute leukemias and in defining prognostic categories of ALL. Cytogenetic and molecular studies provide important prognostic information and are becoming vitally important in determining the appropriate treatment protocol. With optimal application of these techniques in the diagnosis of acute leukemias, treatment strategies can be more specifically directed and new therapeutic approaches can be evaluated more effectively.

Cytological Classification of Acute Leukemias A Survey of 1400 Cases

1975 ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Flandrin ◽  
Jean Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemias

Acute Leukemia Immunohistochemistry: A Systematic Diagnostic Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-475
Author(s):  
Randall J. Olsen ◽  
Chung-Che Chang ◽  
Jennifer L. Herrick ◽  
Youli Zu ◽  
Aamir Ehsan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Acute Leukemias ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Formalin Fixed Tissue ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification

Abstract Context.—The diagnosis and classification of leukemia is becoming increasingly complex. Current classification schemes incorporate morphologic features, immunophenotype, molecular genetics, and clinical data to specifically categorize leukemias into various subtypes. Although sophisticated methodologies are frequently used to detect characteristic features conferring diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic implications, a thorough microscopic examination remains essential to the pathologic evaluation. Detailed blast immunophenotyping can be performed with lineage- and maturation-specific markers. Although no one marker is pathognomonic for one malignancy, a well-chosen panel of antibodies can efficiently aid the diagnosis and classification of acute leukemias. Objective.—To review important developments from recent and historical literature. General immunohistochemical staining patterns of the most commonly encountered lymphoid and myeloid leukemias are emphasized. The goal is to discuss the immunostaining of acute leukemias when flow cytometry and genetic studies are not available. Data Sources.—A comprehensive review was performed of the relevant literature indexed in PubMed (National Library of Medicine) and referenced medical texts. Additional references were identified in the reviewed manuscripts. Conclusions.—Immunophenotyping of blasts using an immunohistochemical approach to lymphoid and myeloid malignancies is presented. Initial and subsequent additional antibody panels are suggested to confirm or exclude each possibility in the differential diagnosis and a general strategy for diagnostic evaluation is discussed. Although the use of immunohistochemistry alone is limited and evaluation by flow cytometry and genetic studies is highly recommended, unavoidable situations requiring analysis of formalin-fixed tissue specimens arise. When performed in an optimized laboratory and combined with a careful morphologic examination, the immunohistochemical approach represents a useful laboratory tool for classifying various leukemias.

Response: Factors considered in the 2008 WHO classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Vardiman ◽  
Jürgen Thiele ◽  
Daniel A. Arber ◽  
Richard Brunning ◽  
Michael J. Borowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Who Classification ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Acute Leukemias ◽  
Myeloid Neoplasms

scholarly journals Correction: Segmentation and Classification of Bone Marrow Cells Images Using Contextual Information for Medical Diagnosis of Acute Leukemias

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e0134066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Reta ◽  
Leopoldo Altamirano ◽  
Jesus A. Gonzalez ◽  
Raquel Diaz-Hernandez ◽  
Hayde Peregrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Acute Leukemias ◽  
Marrow Cells
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