Catheter Embolization in the Central Nervous System and the Gastrointestinal Tract

1983 ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
F. W. Schumacher ◽  
J. Hunold ◽  
S. Bayindir
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Catheter Embolization ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination: From Interesting Agent to the Patient

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Anis Daou
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lead Compound ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
The World ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The vaccination for the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is undergoing its final stages of analysis and testing. It is an impressive feat under the circumstances that we are on the verge of a potential breakthrough vaccination. This will help reduce the stress for millions of people around the globe, helping to restore worldwide normalcy. In this review, the analysis looks into how the new branch of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) came into the forefront of the world like a pandemic. This review will break down the details of what COVID-19 is, the viral family it belongs to and its background of how this family of viruses alters bodily functions by attacking vital human respiratory organs, the circulatory system, the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. This review also looks at the process a new drug analogue undergoes, from (i) being a promising lead compound to (ii) being released into the market, from the drug development and discovery stage right through to FDA approval and aftermarket research. This review also addresses viable reasoning as to why the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may have taken much less time than normal in order for it to be released for use.

scholarly journals Osteoarticular disorders in sickle cell disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Asif Hasan ◽  
Mahmood Ahmad Boeisa ◽  
Yazid Taha Alandunesi ◽  
Abdulkarim Thumayl Alshammari ◽  
Diyaa Hisham Calcattawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Erosive Arthritis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Management Approaches

Different organs can be affected secondary to sickle cell disease, including the central nervous system, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, bone, and joints. This can lead to increased morbidity and mortality events among the affected patients. Osteoarticular complications represent a severe set of events for patients with sickle cell disease. These complications might include gouty, septic, juvenile, and erosive arthritis, dactylitis, bone infarction, and osteomyelitis. These are the most common complications reported in the literature, and some case reports even reported other types of complications that develop secondary to the previously mentioned ones. Adequate diagnosis might be challenging in some cases. Therefore, clinicians must be crucial in determining the appropriate clinical and radiographic manifestations. Treating these cases is also challenging. Consequently, clinicians should be aware of these complications to enhance the prognosis of the affected patients. Further research is needed for the standardization of the diagnostic and management approaches in these events.

Functional facets of dopaminergic system and cancer. Part 1

2017 ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Е.В. Бочаров ◽  
В.Г. Кучеряну ◽  
О.А. Бочарова
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Multifunctional Properties

Обзор посвящен многогранности дофаминергической системы. Дофамин синтезируются в центральной нервной системе и желудочно-кишечном тракте. В первой части обзора представлены современные данные литературы о роли дофамина в процессе старения. Обсуждаются также механизмы, лежащие в основе депресивного расстройства с точки зрения участия дофаминергической системы в плане объединения некоторых концепций: моноаминергической, воспалительной, эпигенетической, нейротрофинной и анти-апоптической. The review is devoted to multifunctional properties of dopaminergic system. Dopamine is synthesized in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. The first part of the review presents the current literature data on the role of dopamine in the aging process. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying depressive disorder in terms of participation of the dopaminergic system to bring together some concepts: monoaminergic, inflammatory, epigenetic, neurotrophins and anti-apoptotic.

scholarly journals Enteric and Central Nervous System Mediated Control of Digestive Processes in the Small Intestine: a Coprocessor-Processor Paradigm

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Ravi Kant Avvari
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Enteric Reflexes ◽  
Digestive Processes

The small intestine is part of the gastrointestinal tract that facilitates further breakdown of the meal, extract the nutrients, absorb them efficiently and expel the left over remains of the digesta. They help in managing various digestive processes that involve buffering of the chyme, mixing with small intestinal secretions and bile, absorption and transport. In general, the small intestine functions as a bioreactor in an efficient way by employing neurohormonal means for regulating the digestive processes. Part of the regulatory functions involving-eliciting motility patterns, control of secretions and emptying of the bowels are locally mediated by the enteric reflexes, however the physiological functions demanding homeostasis requires the intervention of the central nervous system. In this review, we explore the nature of regulating mechanisms that are managed partly by the enteric nervous system (ENS) as analogous to a coprocessor and works in conjunction with the central nervous system (CNS), the primary processor to manage the extensive task of digesting the meal.

scholarly journals Somatic disorders in autism as one of the factors of behavioral and social interaction disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-694
Author(s):  
D V Ivanova ◽  
I I Semina ◽  
A U Ziganshin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Autism is a pressing global problem in a number of medical and related scientific disciplines. For autism, a polysystemic feature is typical, and neurological changes are usually accompanied by somatic ones, most often affecting the intestine, pancreas, and often lungs, pelvic organs, kidneys, adrenal glands and other organs. It is not surprising that the mortality from somatic causes in such children exceeds the mortality of healthy children of the same age groups by 3–10 or more times (depending on the severity of autism). Many studies report a high prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in autistic people. The most common of these is chronic constipation (22% on average). The functional interaction of the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system is due to the presence of various connections and includes the autonomic nervous, immune and neuroendocrine systems. Of particular importance in gastrointestinal disorders and the pathogenesis of autism is the intestinal microbiota, a complex bacterial community located in the gastrointestinal tract. Under the influence of external and internal factors, the microbiota changes the permeability of the intestinal and blood-brain barriers, and the metabolites produced by the altered microbiota can enter the bloodstream and the central nervous system, disrupting its functioning. It was proven that there are pronounced differences between the intestinal microbiota of healthy children and autistic children, and directed individual correction often leads to normalization or significant improvement in social and communicative behavior and other deviations typical of children with autism. Thus, violations in the somatic sphere can increase the severity of the clinical presentation of autism, causing various behavioral and communication disorders. Identification of the spectrum of these disorders, as well as the study of the mechanisms of their development and interrelationship, is an urgent problem, the solution of which may be important for determining the tactics of complex therapy of patients with autism spectrum disorders.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

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