Pathological Changes in the Liver and Computed Tomography

1986 ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Weinbren ◽  
L. H. Blumgart
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pathological Changes

The diagnosis of early pneumoconiosis in dust-exposed workers: comparison of chest radiography and computed tomography

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110225
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Hayashi ◽  
Kazuto Ashizawa ◽  
Masashi Takahashi ◽  
Katsuya Kato ◽  
Hiroaki Arakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Occupational History ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Positive Results

Background Chest radiography (CR) is employed as the evaluation of pneumoconiosis; however, we sometimes encounter cases in which computed tomography (CT) is more effective in detecting subtle pathological changes or cases in which CR yields false-positive results. Purpose To compare CR to CT in the diagnosis of early-stage pneumoconiosis. Material and Methods CR and CT were performed for 132 workers with an occupational history of mining. We excluded 23 cases of arc-welder’s lung. Five readers who were experienced chest radiologists or pulmonologists independently graded the pulmonary small opacities on CR of the remaining 109 cases. We then excluded 37 cases in which the CT data were not sufficient for grading. CT images of the remaining 72 cases were graded by the five readers. We also assessed the degree of pulmonary emphysema in those cases. Results The grade of profusion on CR (CR score) of all five readers was identical in only 5 of 109 cases (4.6%). The CR score coincided with that on CT in 40 of 72 cases (56%). The CT score was higher than that on CR in 13 cases (18%). On the other hand, the CT score was lower than that on CR in 19 cases (26%). The incidence of pulmonary emphysema was significantly higher in patients whose CR score was higher than their CT score. Conclusion CT is more sensitive than CR in the evaluation of early-stage pneumoconiosis. In cases with emphysema, the CR score tends to be higher in comparison to that on CT.

scholarly journals Functional visualization in diseases of the joints: current status and prospects (clinical lecture)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
M.V. Satyr ◽  
О.І. Solodiannykova ◽  
I.V. Noverko ◽  
О.Yu. Galchenko
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
High Priority Task ◽  
The World

Background. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (MSS), in particular diseases of joints, are a leading factor for reducing the work ability of the population all around the world. The early diagnosis and treatment for them is a high priority task for clinical medicine. Modern nuclear medicine methods can significantly increase the possibilities in differential diagnostics, optimize treatment and improve the prognosis of diseases of the musculoskeletal system (MOP). Purpose – to study and generalize the world experience of application of modern methods of osteoscintigraphy (OSG) for diagnostics of joints diseases, to define possibilities and prospects of various scintigraphic acquisitions for investigation patients with MSS pathology. Materials and methods. Full-text publications in the databases Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed (mostly 2015–2021), international standard guidelines for the diagnosis of MSS pathology and monographs for radionuclide examination methods and hybrid imaging technologies in oncology, orthopedics and traumatology. Results. We received the main approaches for radiological diagnostics of pathological changes in joints and the abilities of osteoscintigraphy. We defined the main principles and analyzed the possibilities and advantages of different nuclear medicine protocols: conventional planar examination of the whole body, 3-phase OSG, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and combined technology with X-ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT). Indications for the use of OSG in various pathological changes of ORA have been determined. We considered different patterns of radiation imaging according to the pathogenesis of various pathological processes – systemic arthritis, diseases of the joints of the spine, upper and lower extremities. The possibilities of different radiological methods for diagnosing and application of different modes of OSG depending on the pathogenesis and localization of lesions were analyzed and compared. Conclusions. Performing 3-phase OSG and tomographic modes (SPECT, SPECT/CT) significantly increases the efficiency of the method for the diagnostics, determination of process activity, staging and prevalence of joint pathology, as well as for monitoring the treatment results. The method detects active metabolic processes at an early stage in the vascular, soft tissue and bone phases and determines the condition of the joints of the whole body without additional radiation exposure.

scholarly journals Computed tomography-assisted angiography in the differential diagnosis of extralobular pulmonary sequestration in newborns

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
N. A. Ilina ◽  
I. E. Myagkova
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Congenital Abnormality ◽  
Pulmonary Sequestration ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Extralobar Pulmonary Sequestration ◽  
Extralobar Sequestration

Relevance. Pulmonary sequestrations are rare pathology and make from 0.15 to 6.4 % of all congenital abnormality. Thus intra-abdominal localization of this malformation is described only in 2.5 % of all pulmonary sequestrations. Objective. Reflect the difficulty of differential diagnosis of rare lung malformation in newborns. Materials and methods. 2 cases of the extralobar sequestration located under the diaphragm diagnosed for newborns in a children's hospital for the last 20 years are in details described. Results. The diagnosis of an intra-abdominal extralobular pulmonary sequestration was finalized only after surgical treatment, confirmed histologically. Questions of differential diagnostics of rare congenital pulmonary malformations are discussed with tumors of suprarenal localization at newborns, comparison of own results to data of literature. Conclusions. In the differential diagnosis of suprarenal lesions at newborns it is necessary to consider the possibility of intra-abdominal extralobar pulmonary sequestration, especially in the localization of pathological changes at the left side.

Palatine Tonsil Schwannoma: Correlation between Clinicopathology and Computed Tomography Features

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1140-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Xiang Ruan ◽  
Shui-Hong Zhou ◽  
Shen-Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Palatine Tonsil ◽  
Mass Lesion ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Slow Growing

We describe the case of a 37-year old male who presented with a schwannoma in his right palatine tonsil. The tumour and tonsil were surgically removed transorally. Tonsillar schwannomas are slow growing, and the main symptoms were a foreign body feeling in the throat, dysphagia and snoring. The presence of a round, well-defined mass lesion with heterogeneous density on computed tomography (CT) may aid in differentiation from other tonsillar tumours. The CT findings in the reported case were different to those of schwannomas in other locations; the particular CT manifestations of tonsillar schwannomas seem to relate to the various pathological changes seen within the tumour.

scholarly journals Prospects for the reduction of the patient doses based on the optimization of the CT abdomen protocols for the different types of malignancies

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
A. N. Bashkov ◽  
Zh. V. Sheykh ◽  
S. E. Voskanyan ◽  
A. P. Dunaev ◽  
M. V. Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Group 1

Reducing radiation exposure in computed tomography is a relevant medical task due to the growing number of studies and the lack of generally accepted approaches to their conduct in the radiological community. One way to reduce the effective dose in contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen is to optimize the protocol of examination, which can include four scans: in the native, arterial, venous and delayed phases. However while providing repeated studies in patients with oncological diseases, it is possible to confine one or two phases, which will allow the radiologist to visualize observed pathological changes and to evaluate the response to the treatment, as well as detect the recurrence in case of the monitoring of the patients. In the present study, two groups were formed on the basis of a sample of 514 patients. In group 1 (control), CTB was performed according to a three- or four-phase protocol. In group 2, the same patients with an interval from 1 to 5.5 months were performed with computed tomography -OBP according to a single or two-phase protocol depending on the degree of vascularization of the tumor tissue and the clinical situation. At the same time, a decrease in the average effective dose in patients in group 2 compared with group 1 was demonstrated by 63% (p<0.05). In all cases, the various pathological changes that characterize the oncological process and were diagnosed with a three- or four-phase protocol were visualized with a single- or two-phase protocol. Thus, the informative value of computed tomography examination did not decrease.

scholarly journals Identification of pathological changes in the lungs using an analysis of radiological reports and tomographic images

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
A.A. Sludnova ◽  
V.V. Shutko ◽  
A.V. Gaidel ◽  
P.M. Zelter ◽  
A.V. Kapishnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Automated Diagnosis ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Medical University

This article discusses an idea of a joint analysis of medical images and texts aimed at improving the quality of automated diagnosis of emphysema. We compare the quality of image classification with and without taking into account the localization of the pathology mentioned in radiological reports. The study was carried out on sets of real images of computed tomography of the lungs obtained in clinical studies at Samara State Medical University. It was established that the use of information on the localization of pathology contained in radiological reports leads to an increase in the F-score for the detection from 0.55 to 0.73.

scholarly journals Clonorchiasis and Cholangiocarcinoma: Etiologic Relationship and Imaging Diagnosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Ihn Choi ◽  
Joon Koo Han ◽  
Sung Tae Hong ◽  
Kyoung Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Epithelial Hyperplasia ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Imaging Diagnosis ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Etiologic Relationship ◽  
Radiological Examinations

SUMMARY Despite a gradual decrease in prevalence, clonorchiasis is still prevalent in East Asia. A large and compelling body of evidence links clonorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma, although the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. Clonorchiasis induces biliary epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia, and this could facilitate at least one stage of the carcinogenesis, which is promoting effect. In areas of endemic infection, more clonorchiasis cases are now diagnosed incidentally during radiological examinations such as cholangiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography. Radiological findings are regarded as pathognomonic for clonorchiasis since they reflect the unique pathological changes of this disorder. These radiological examinations currently play important roles in the diagnosis, staging, and decision-making process involved in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. The morphological features and radiological findings of clonorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma are essentially combinations of the findings for the two diseases. The morphological features of clonorchiasis- associated cholangiocarcinoma, observed in radiological examinations, do not differ from those of the usual cholangiocarcinoma. In patients diagnosed with or suspected to have clonorchiasis, radiological findings should be carefully scrutinized for occult cholangiocarcinoma.

scholarly journals METHODS AND MODELS FOR TEXTURE ANALYSIS OF LUNG PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES BASED ON COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR COVID-19 DIAGNOSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIV-2/W1-2021 ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
A. S. Kents ◽  
Y. A. Hamad ◽  
K. V. Simonov ◽  
A. G. Zotin
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Geometric Analysis ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Color Coding ◽  
Algorithmic Support ◽  
Diagnostic Report ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. In recent years computed tomography of the lungs has been the most common diagnostic procedure aimed at detection of the pathological changes associated with COVID-19. The study is aimed at the use of the developed algorithmic support in combination with texture (geometric) analysis to highlight a number of indicators characterizing the clinical state of the object of interest. Processing is aimed at the solution of a number of diagnostic tasks such as highlighting and contrasting the objects of interest, taking into account the color coding. Further, an assessment is performed according to the appropriate criteria in order to find out the nature of the changes and increase both the visualization of pathological changes and the accuracy of the X-ray diagnostic report. For these purposes, it is proposed to use preprocessing algorithms for a series of images in dynamics. Segmentation of the lungs and areas of possible pathology are performed using wavelet transform and Otsu threshold value. Delta-maps and maps obtained using Shearlet transform with contrasting color coding are used as a means of visualization and selection of features (markers). The analysis of the experimental and clinical material carried out in the work shows the effectiveness of the proposed combination of methods for studying of the variability of the internal geometric features (markers) of the object of interest in the images.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of the Possibility to Detect Early Signs of Joint Changes of the Temporomandibular Joint Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Ultrasound Examination

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-315
Author(s):  
I. O. Pohodenko-Chudakova ◽  
◽  
M. I. Krat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Early Signs

The purpose of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the possibility of detecting early signs of articular changes in the temporomandibular joint with cone-beam computed tomography and ultrasound. Materials and methods. 20 patients with complaints of temporomandibular joint (16 women and 4 men) were examined who stated that the first symptoms associated with the joint appeared from 6 months to 1 year. Examination of patients with temporomandibular joint pathology included consultation of the patient by a dentist with the involvement of radiation research methods. During the examination by dentist, the odontogenic nature of the temporomandibular joint disorders was excluded or confirmed. Cone-beam computed tomography and ultrasound of the temporomandibular joint were performed in all patients according to standard methods. The comparative analysis was carried out on the basis of clinical examples with the conclusions of a specialist doctor in the field of radiation diagnostics and radiation therapy. Results and discussion. Pathology of the temporomandibular joint due to morphological and functional changes occurs in 40-75% of adult and occupies the third place in the list of the main nosological forms of dental diseases. At the same time, it is known that the use of radiation methods for diagnostics of surgical pathology in maxillofacial area of odontogenic and non-odontogenic etiology in the Republic of Belarus is provided by clinical protocols. A comparative analysis of the conclusion of patients who underwent cone-beam computed tomography and ultrasound of the temporomandibular joints allows us to conclude that ultrasound examination allows us to state early changes occurring in the temporomandibular joint. Therefore, the possibility of early diagnosis contributes to the appointment of an adequate and rational complex of therapeutic and rehabilitation measures which is important for stopping the progress of pathological changes. Also with the help of ultrasound, it is possible to establish signs of the development of various forms of osteoarthritis which are not detected on the cone-beam computed tomography at the initial stages of development. In addition, ultrasound allows to visualize changes occurring in soft tissues such as the articular disc which is not available for cone-beam computed tomography. Conclusion. The obtained results allow us to recommend ultrasound examination of the temporomandibular joint as a screening method and a method of the first level of examination in order to detect pathological changes from both bone and soft tissue structures of the joint as early as possible

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