Physically Based Modeling of Surface Runoff and Soil Erosion under Semi-arid Mediterranean Conditions — the Example of Oued Mina, Algeria

Soil Erosion ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 59-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gomer ◽  
T. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Physically Based Modeling ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions

scholarly journals Investigating transport capacity equations in sediment yield modelling for the Cariri semi-arid region of Paraiba-PB/Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 374-381
Author(s):  
E. E. De Figueiredo ◽  
C. C. R. A. Souto ◽  
Z. C. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
The State ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Physically Based Model ◽  
Sediment Size ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. In the semi arid Cariri region of the state of Paraiba, Brazil, runoff is of the Hortonian type generated by excess of rainfall over infiltration capacity, and soil erosion is governed by rainfall intensity and sediment size. However, the governing sediment transport mechanism is not well understood. Sediment transport generally depends on the load of sediment provided by soil erosion and on the transport capacity of the flow. The latter is mainly governed by mechanisms such as water shear stress, or stream power. Accordingly, the load of sediment transported by the flow may vary depending on the mechanism involved in the equation of estimation. Investigation of the sediment transport capacity of the flow via a distributed physically-based model is an important and necessary task, but quite rare in semi-arid climates, and particularly in the Cariri region of the state of Paraíba/Brazil. In this study, the equations of Yalin, Engelund & Hansen, Laursen, DuBoys and Bagnold have been coupled with the MOSEE distributed physically based model aiming at identifying the mechanisms leading to the best model simulations when compared with data observed at various basin scales and land uses in the study region. The results obtained with the investigated methods were quite similar and satisfactory suggesting the feasibility of the mechanisms involved, but the observed values were better represented with Bagnold’s equation, which is physically grounded on the stream power, and we recommend it for simulations of similar climate, runoff generation mechanisms and sediment characteristics as in the study region.

scholarly journals Surface runoff simulation to mitigate the impact of soil erosion, case study of Třebsín (Czech Republic)

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kovář ◽  
D. Vaššová ◽  
M. Janeček
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Plots

The relation between soil erosion and its redistribution on land strictly depends on the process of surface runoff formation during intensive rainfall. Therefore, interrupting and reducing continuous surface runoff, using adequate conservation measures, may be implemented in order to reduce the shear stress of flowing water. This paper describes the outcomes of the KINFIL model simulation in assessing the runoff from extreme rainfall on hill slopes. The model is a physically based and parameter distributed 3D model that was applied at the Třebsín experimental station in the Czech Republic. This model was used for the first time to simulate the impact of surface runoff caused by natural or sprinkler-made intensive rains on four of the seven different experimental plots. The plots involved in the analysis contain a variety of soils which are covered with different field crops. At this stage, the model parameters comprise saturated hydraulic conductivity, field capacity, sorptivity, plot geometry and surface roughness reflecting the Třebsín experimental plots. These parameters were verified on observed data. All seven plots had the same slope angle, but two of them were vulnerable to surface runoff due to their soil hydraulic parameters. There were rapidly increasing depths and velocities which consequently caused a higher shear stress for splashing soil particles downstream. The paper provides further information and data concerning the relationships between the depth of water and its velocity on the slopes of certain roughness. It also provides information concerning shear stress and shear velocity values, compared with their critical values depending on the soil particle distribution. This approach is more physically based than the traditional method of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).

Effects of different management regimes on soil erosion and surface runoff in semi-arid to sub-humid rangelands

2015 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 100-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P.E. van Oudenhoven ◽  
Clara J. Veerkamp ◽  
Rob Alkemade ◽  
Rik Leemans
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Evaluation of water loss in transit and surface runoff in a Brazilian semi-arid basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Cristian Epifanio Toledo ◽  
João Carlos Mohn Nogueira ◽  
Alexandre De Amorim Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Reservoir Basin ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Semi Arid

The objective of this work was to propose and evaluate a model to estimate transit water losses and surface runoff in a Brazilian semi-arid basin, fundamental components in the hydrological studies of the region, such as in the verification of hydrological connectivity. The study area was the Orós Reservoir Basin, located in the state of Ceará. The modeling of transit water loss and surface runoff were developed based on the work of Araújo and Ribeiro (1996) and Peter et al. (2014). In the proposed model, the parameter of loss in transit (k) was estimated at 0.027 km-1 for a section of the river basin, and when simulated for other stretches it provided good flow results at the end of the stretch, obtaining an NSE of 82%. The value of the runoff coefficient was estimated at 3% and when evaluating a spatial variation of this coefficient in the basin, the values varied from 2% to 12%, and the use of specialized runoff coefficient (RC) values promoted a higher NSE in the discharge simulation in the basin. It is concluded that the proposed model to estimate transit water losses and surface runoff demonstrated a high efficiency in the simulation of hydrological processes. The basin of Orós reservoir presented a high variability of the coefficient of surface runoff, justifying the need for a greater spatiality of this coefficient in heterogeneous environments.

scholarly journals Climate Differently Impacts the Growth of Coexisting Trees and Shrubs under Semi-Arid Mediterranean Conditions

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
J. Julio Camarero ◽  
Cristina Valeriano ◽  
Antonio Gazol ◽  
Michele Colangelo ◽  
Raúl Sánchez-Salguero
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions

Background and Objectives—Coexisting tree and shrub species will have to withstand more arid conditions as temperatures keep rising in the Mediterranean Basin. However, we still lack reliable assessments on how climate and drought affect the radial growth of tree and shrub species at intra- and interannual time scales under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions. Materials and Methods—We investigated the growth responses to climate of four co-occurring gymnosperms inhabiting semi-arid Mediterranean sites in northeastern Spain: two tree species (Aleppo pine, Pinus halepensis Mill.; Spanish juniper, Juniperus thurifera L.) and two shrubs (Phoenicean juniper, Juniperus phoenicea L.; Ephedra nebrodensis Tineo ex Guss.). First, we quantified the intra-annual radial-growth rates of the four species by periodically sampling wood samples during one growing season. Second, we quantified the climate–growth relationships at an interannual scale at two sites with different soil water availability by using dendrochronology. Third, we simulated growth responses to temperature and soil moisture using the forward, process-based Vaganov‒Shashkin (VS-Lite) growth model to disentangle the main climatic drivers of growth. Results—The growth of all species peaked in spring to early summer (May–June). The pine and junipers grew after the dry summer, i.e., they showed a bimodal growth pattern. Prior wet winter conditions leading to high soil moisture before cambium reactivation in spring enhanced the growth of P. halepensis at dry sites, whereas the growth of both junipers and Ephedra depended more on high spring–summer soil moisture. The VS-Lite model identified these different influences of soil moisture on growth in tree and shrub species. Conclusions—Our approach (i) revealed contrasting growth dynamics of co-existing tree and shrub species under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions and (ii) provided novel insights on different responses as a function of growth habits in similar drought-prone regions.

Physically Based Modeling of Cold Load Pickup

1981 ◽  
Vol PER-1 (9) ◽  
pp. 27-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Ihara ◽  
Fred C. Schweppe
Keyword(s):  
Physically Based Modeling ◽  
Physically Based

Fungal mitigation of soil erosion following burning in a semi-arid Arizona savanna

Geoderma ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. O'Dea
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Semi Arid

Physically based modeling of the mechanical behavior of TRIP steels

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bouquerel ◽  
K. Verbeken ◽  
J. Van Slycken ◽  
P. Verleysen ◽  
Y. Houbaert
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Physically Based Modeling ◽  
Trip Steels ◽  
Physically Based
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