Risk Factors and Prevention of Hamstring Strain

2015 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
Chihiro Fukutome ◽  
Toru Fukubayashi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hamstring Strain

scholarly journals Recalibrating the risk of hamstring strain injury (HSI): A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for index and recurrent hamstring strain injury in sport

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (18) ◽  
pp. 1081-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brady Green ◽  
Matthew N Bourne ◽  
Nicol van Dyk ◽  
Tania Pizzari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Best Evidence Synthesis ◽  
History Of

ObjectiveTo systematically review risk factors for hamstring strain injury (HSI).DesignSystematic review update.Data sourcesDatabase searches: (1) inception to 2011 (original), and (2) 2011 to December 2018 (update). Citation tracking, manual reference and ahead of press searches.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies presenting prospective data evaluating factors associated with the risk of index and/or recurrent HSI.MethodSearch result screening and risk of bias assessment. A best evidence synthesis for each factor and meta-analysis, where possible, to determine the association with risk of HSI.ResultsThe 78 studies captured 8,319 total HSIs, including 967 recurrences, in 71,324 athletes. Older age (standardised mean difference=1.6, p=0.002), any history of HSI (risk ratio (RR)=2.7, p<0.001), a recent HSI (RR=4.8, p<0.001), previous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury (RR=1.7, p=0.002) and previous calf strain injury (RR=1.5, p<0.001) were significant risk factors for HSI. From the best evidence synthesis, factors relating to sports performance and match play, running and hamstring strength were most consistently associated with HSI risk. The risk of recurrent HSI is best evaluated using clinical data and not the MRI characteristics of the index injury.Summary/conclusionOlder age and a history of HSI are the strongest risk factors for HSI. Future research may be directed towards exploring the interaction of risk factors and how these relationships fluctuate over time given the occurrence of index and recurrent HSI in sport is multifactorial.

Prevalence of Hamstring Strain Injury Risk Factors in Professional and Under-20 Male Football (Soccer) Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Breno Ribeiro-Alvares ◽  
Maurício Pinto Dornelles ◽  
Carolina Gassen Fritsch ◽  
Felipe Xavier de Lima-e-Silva ◽  
Thales Menezes Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Functional Movements

Context: Hamstring strain injury (HSI) is the most prevalent injury in football (soccer), and a few intrinsic factors have been associated with higher injury rates. Objective: To describe the prevalence of the main intrinsic risk factors for HSI in professional and under-20 football players. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Physiotherapy laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (Brazil). Participants: A total of 101 football players (52 professional and 49 under-20 players). Intervention: An evidence-based testing protocol for screening HSI risk factors. Main Outcome Measures: Anamnesis, ultrasonography of the hamstrings, passive straight-leg raise test, Functional Movement Screen, and isokinetic dynamometry were performed. Eleven HSI risk factors for each leg were assessed, besides the player’s age as a systemic risk factor. Reports were delivered to the coaching staff. Results: Professionals had greater prevalence of HSI history compared with under-20 players (40% vs 18%). No between-group differences were found for the other screening tests. Altogether, 30% of players had already sustained at least one HSI; 58% had a history of injuries in adjacent regions; 49% had short biceps femoris fascicles; 66% and 21% had poor passive and active flexibility, respectively; 42% and 29% had deficits in functional movements and core stability, respectively; 7% and 26% presented bilateral imbalance for hamstring concentric and eccentric strength, respectively; 87% and 94% obtained low values for hamstring-to-quadriceps conventional and functional ratios, respectively. Two-thirds of players had 3 to 5 risk factors per leg. None of the players was fully free of HSI risk factors. Conclusion: Most football players present multiple risk factors for sustaining an HSI. Hamstring weakness is the most prevalent risk factor, but the teams should also be aware of deficits in flexibility, core stability, functional movements, and hamstring fascicle length.

scholarly journals Risk factors for ACL, hamstring strain, and hip/groin injuries in elite Australian female footballers: A prospective study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. S26-S27
Author(s):  
R. Barrett ◽  
K. Beerworth ◽  
M. Bourne ◽  
T. Collings ◽  
L. Diamond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
A Prospective Study

Hamstring and Quadriceps Isokinetic Strength Deficits Are Weak Risk Factors for Hamstring Strain Injuries

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1789-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicol van Dyk ◽  
Roald Bahr ◽  
Rodney Whiteley ◽  
Johannes L. Tol ◽  
Bhavesh D. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Absolute Strength ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Background: A hamstring strain injury (HSI) has become the most common noncontact injury in soccer. Isokinetic muscle strength deficits are considered a risk factor for HSIs. However, underpowered studies with small sample sizes unable to determine small associations have led to inconclusive results regarding the role of isokinetic strength and strength testing in HSIs. Purpose: To examine whether differences in isokinetic strength measures of knee flexion and extension represent risk factors for hamstring injuries in a large cohort of professional soccer players in an adequately powered study design. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 614 professional soccer players from 14 teams underwent isokinetic strength testing during preseason screening. Testing consisted of concentric knee flexion and extension at 60 deg/s and 300 deg/s and eccentric knee extension at 60 deg/s. A clustered multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with the risk of HSIs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to determine sensitivity and specificity. Results: Of the 614 players, 190 suffered an HSI during the 4 seasons. Quadriceps concentric strength at 60 deg/s (odds ratio [OR], 1.41; 95% CI, 1.03-1.92; P = .03) and hamstring eccentric strength at 60 deg/s (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.01-1.85; P = .04) adjusted for bodyweight were independently associated with the risk of injuries. The absolute differences between the injured and uninjured players were 6.9 N·m and 9.1 N·m, with small effect sizes ( d < 0.2). The ROC analyses showed an area under the curve of 0.54 and 0.56 for quadriceps concentric strength and hamstring eccentric strength, respectively, indicating a failed combined sensitivity and specificity of the 2 strength variables identified in the logistic regression models. Conclusion: This study identified small absolute strength differences and a wide overlap of the absolute strength measurements at the group level. The small associations between lower hamstring eccentric strength and lower quadriceps concentric strength with HSIs can only be considered as weak risk factors. The identification of these risk factors still does not allow the identification of individual players at risk. The use of isokinetic testing to determine the association between strength differences and HSIs is not supported.

scholarly journals Acute effects of different dynamic exercises on hamstring strain risk factors

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e0191801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Hsiu Chen ◽  
Ye Xin ◽  
Kuang Wu Lee ◽  
Ming Ju Lin ◽  
Jiu Jenq Lin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Hamstring Strain

scholarly journals Preventing the seemingly unpreventable – challenging the return-to-play criteria for recurrent hamstring strain prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
N Craddock ◽  
K Buchholtz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Muscle Action ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Previous Injury ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Hamstring Muscles

   Background: Hamstring strains are one of the most common injuries in sport. Previous injury has been found to be one of the greatest risk factors associated with recurrent hamstring strains. Although rehabilitation programmes have been developed and implemented to aid safe and efficient return-to-play, the incidence of hamstring injuries has not decreased.  Discussion: As hamstring strains most commonly occur during the eccentric phase of muscle action, rehabilitation should focus on eccentric muscle strengthening. The L-protocol and the Nordic Hamstring Exercise protocol strengthen the hamstring muscles eccentrically. They have been found to be effective in decreasing the incidence of new hamstring strains as well as the rate of recurrence. This commentary therefore aims to suggest changes to the return-to-play criteria following hamstring strains to prevent the seemingly unpreventable.

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