Changes in the Hypothalamic and Brain Stem Catecholaminergic Systems in Experimental Hydrocephalus: A Histochemical Observation

Hydrocephalus ◽  
1991 ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumasa Ehara ◽  
Chikako Tanaka ◽  
Norihiko Tamaki ◽  
Satoshi Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Histochemical Observation ◽  
Experimental Hydrocephalus

Cervical spinal cord in experimental hydrocephalus

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Dohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Experimental Hydrocephalus ◽  
Physiological Pressure ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Shunting Procedure ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Adult dogs were rendered hydrocephalic by the injection of kaolin into the cisterna magna. One group of dogs was sacrificed 1 month after kaolin administration, and ventriculojugular shunts were performed on the other group. Hydrocephalic dogs with shunts were sacrificed 1 day or 1 week after the shunting procedure. All dogs were perfused with formalin at physiological pressure, and the brain stem and cervical spinal cord were examined by light microscopy. Subarachnoid granulomata encompassed the superior cervical spinal cord and dependent surface of the brain stem. Rarefaction of the posterior white columns and clefts or cavities involving the gray matter posterior to the central canal and/or posterior white columns were present in the spinal cords of both hydrocephalic and shunted hydrocephalic dogs. Predominantly in the dogs with shunts, hemorrhages were noted in the spinal cord in association with the clefts or cavities. A mechanism of ischemia followed by reflow of blood is postulated to explain the hemorrhages in the spinal cords of hydrocephalic dogs with shunts.

Permeability of the microcirculation in area postrema of rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Shams M. Ghoneim ◽  
Frank M. Faraci ◽  
Gary L. Baumbach
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adjacent Brain

The area postrema is a circumventricular organ in the brain stem and is one of the regions in the brain that lacks a fully functional blood-brain barrier. Recently, we found that disruption of the microcirculation during acute hypertension is greater in area postrema than in the adjacent brain stem. In contrast, hyperosmolar disruption of the microcirculation is greater in brain stem. The objective of this study was to compare ultrastructural characteristics of the microcirculation in area postrema and adjacent brain stem.We studied 5 Sprague-Dawley rats. Horseradish peroxidase was injected intravenously and allowed to circulate for 1, 5 or 15 minutes. Following perfusion of the upper body with 2.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate, the brain stem was removed, embedded in agar, and chopped into 50-70 μm sections with a TC-Sorvall tissue chopper. Sections of brain stem were incubated for 1 hour in a solution of 3,3' diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (0.05%) in 0.05M Tris buffer with 1% H2O2.

Enzyme histochemical application and backscattered electron imaging to visualize the distribution of lymphatic capillaries

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
Seiji Kato
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Double Staining ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Backscattered Electron Imaging ◽  
Histochemical Observation ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Double Staining Method ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Cryostat Sections

Previously, the author repeatedly confirmed the higher 5’-nucleotidase (5’-Nase) and lower alkaline phoaphatase (ALPase) activities in the wall of lymphatic capillaries reacted with the lead-based method relative to those of blood capillaries. The ALPase, on the other hand, is markedly higher in blood capillaries than in lymphatics. On the basis of these enzyme characteristics, the author has developed a 5’-Nase— ALPase double staining method to differentiate small lymphatics from blood capillaries at the level of the light microcsopy. Furthermore, we applied it to histochemical observation of the lead-containing reaction products of 5’-Nase in lymphatics on the same or adjacent cryostat sections using backscattered electron imaging (BEI) in scanning electron microscope (SEM). This paper presents a new applicability of 5’-Nase histochemistry by BEI-SEM to demonstrate the distribution of lymphatic capillaries in tissue blocks.

Surgical Approaches to the Brain Stem

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Y. Wen ◽  
Roberto C. Heros
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
The Brain

Review of The Brain Stem of the Cat: A Cytoarchitectonic Atlas with Stereotaxic Coordinates.

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 449-449
Author(s):  
GARTH J. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
The Brain

Cancer stem cells obtained from normal brain stem cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (S 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
FA Siebzehnrubl ◽  
I Jeske ◽  
D Müller ◽  
M Hildebrandt ◽  
E Hahnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Normal Brain

ADRENERGIC INPUTS TO THE AMYGDALA AND THE CONTROL OF GONADOTROPHIN RELEASE

1979 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Borrell ◽  
Flavio Piva ◽  
Luciano Martini
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Dopaminergic Drug ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
Adrenergic Blocker ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Drugs able to mimic or to antagonize the action of catecholamines have been implanted bilaterally into the basomedial region of the amygdala of adult castrated female rats. The animals were killed at different intervals after the implantation of the different drugs, and serum levels of LH and FSH were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results have shown that the intra-amygdalar implantation of the alpha-adrenergic blocker phenoxybenzamine induces a significant increase of the release both of LH and FSH. The implantation of the beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol brings about a rise of LH only. The dopamine receptor blocker pimozide stimulates the release of LH and exerts a biphasic effect (stimulation followed by inhibition) of FSH secretion. The alpha-receptor stimulant clonidine and the dopaminergic drug 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine were without significant effects. From these observations it is suggested that the adrenergic signals reaching the basomedial area of the amygdala (possibly from the brain stem) may be involved in the modulation of gonadotrophin secretion.

Mild hypoglycemia and impairment of brain stem and cortical evoked potentials in healthy subjects

Diabetes ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1550-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Jones ◽  
G. McCarthy ◽  
W. V. Tamborlane ◽  
S. Caprio ◽  
E. Roessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cortical Evoked Potentials

The Visual Thalamocortical System and Its Modulation by the Brain Stem Core

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Steriade ◽  
D. Paré ◽  
B. Hu ◽  
M. Deschênes
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Thalamocortical System ◽  
The Brain

VIOLATIONS OF THE BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN STEM IN PATIENTS WITH EXTRA AXIAL TUMORS OF THE POSTERIOR FOSSA

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
P.G. Rudenko ◽  
◽  
V.G. Nikolaev ◽  
I.E. Ermakova ◽  
A.V. Kanashin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
The Brain
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