Determination of Cross-Link Density in Amorphous Networks by Stress-Strain-Swelling Experiments

1990 ◽  
pp. 153-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Erman
Keyword(s):  
Cross Link ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density

Determination of Cross-Link Density in Ion-Irradiated Polystyrene Surfaces from Rippling

Langmuir ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 3108-3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Karade ◽  
Sascha A. Pihan ◽  
Wilhelm H. Brünger ◽  
Andreas Dietzel ◽  
Rüdiger Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Link ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density

Determination of the Local Cross-Link Density in Polyisobutylene-Based Elastomers by NMR Imaging

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 706-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Adriaensens ◽  
Anne Pollaris ◽  
Mauritz Kelchtermans ◽  
Jan Gelan
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Imaging ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density

scholarly journals Rubber Composites Based on Polar Elastomers with Incorporated Modified and Unmodified Magnetic Filler

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Kruželák ◽  
Richard Sýkora ◽  
Rastislav Dosoudil ◽  
Ivan Hudec
Keyword(s):  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Strontium Ferrite ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Magnetic Composites ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Rubber magnetic composites were prepared by incorporation of unmodified and surface modified strontium ferrite into rubber matrices based on NBR and NBR/PVC. Strontium ferrite was dosed to the rubber matrices in concentration scale ranging from 0 to 100 phr. The main goal was to investigate the influence of the type of ferrite on the curing process, physical-mechanical and magnetic properties of composites. The mutual interactions between the filler and rubber matrices were investigated by determination of cross-link density and SEM analysis. The incorporation of magnetic fillers leads to the increase of cross-link density and remanent magnetic induction of composites. Moreover, the improvement of physical-mechanical properties was achieved in dependence on the content of magnetic fillers. Surface modification of ferrite contributed to the enhancement of adhesion on the interphase filler-rubber. It can be stated that ferrite exhibits reinforcing effect in the composite materials and this reinforcing behavior was emphasized with the increase in polarity of the rubber matrix.

Uncertainties in the Determination of Cross-Link Density by Equilibrium Swelling Experiments in Natural Rubber

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (13) ◽  
pp. 4717-4729 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Valentín ◽  
J. Carretero-González ◽  
I. Mora-Barrantes ◽  
W. Chassé ◽  
K. Saalwächter
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Equilibrium Swelling ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density

NMR Imaging of Elastomers: A Review

1997 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Blümler ◽  
B. Blümich
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Dipole Interaction ◽  
Nmr Imaging ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density

Abstract From curiosity driven investigations about 10 years ago NMR imaging of materials has developed into a useful tool for characterization of polymers, in particular of elastomer products. A clear indicator of this development is the increasing number of imaging spectrometers in use at industrial research and quality-control laboratories. Typical applications of NMR imaging to elastomers are investigations of the homogeneity of a compound or product components like gaskets or tire profiles, studies of the aging behavior under different loading conditions, the mapping of stress, strain and temperature distributions, and the analysis of material change after application of an overload. Elastomers constitute a class of materials particularly suitable to NMR imaging, because they are rich in protons, the most sensitive, stable NMR nucleus, and the material is soft, giving rise to small dipole-dipole couplings and thus to comparatively narrow lines and favorable imaging conditions. Yet the residual dipole-dipole interaction which remains unaveraged from the thermal motion of intercrosslink chains is a most valuable source of information. It determines the relaxation times so that measurement of various relaxation parameters provides information on cross-link density, stress, strain, and temperature in rubber materials. Spectroscopic investigations on the other hand are not very informative, because they are sensitive to chemical change, which is often too small to be detectable under reasonable conditions even for chain scission or additional cross-linking during aging. The measurement of relaxation times does not require homogeneous magnetic fields, so that new NMR devices based on inexpensive, permanent magnets can be developed, which are applied to the surface of arbitrarily large elastomer products. The NMR MOUSE is such a mobile NMR scanner, which has been shown to be sensitive within limits to changes in cross-link density, strain and temperature. Thus NMR imaging is progressing from the acquisition of entire images which show distributions of material properties to the monitoring of volume-selective NMR information, which can be expected to be used not only for quality control and failure analysis but also for process control and on-line monitoring in the future.

Boron nitride for modification of rubber based on isoprene elastomer

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
K. S. Zhansakova ◽  
E. N. Eremin ◽  
G. S. Russkikh ◽  
O. V. Kropotin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density ◽  
Isoprene Rubber

The work studies vulcanization characteristics of elastomers based on isoprene rubber filled with carbon black N330 and boron nitride (BN). The influence of the boron nitride (BN) concentration on technological, dynamic, physical and mechanical properties of elastomers has been researched. The application of boron nitride for producing rubber with good properties has been considered. With a gradual increase of the inert filler BN concentration up to 35%, a decrease in the curing rate by 33% and polymer cross-link density by 26% is observed. Moreover, the start time of vulcanization increases by almost 300%, the optimal curing time by 200%.

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