Role of deoxynivalenol in aggressiveness of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum and in resistance to Fusarium head blight

2002 ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ákos Mesterházy
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Head Blight

Role of Temperature and Moisture in the Production and Maturation of Gibberella zeae Perithecia

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Dufault ◽  
E. D. De Wolf ◽  
P. E. Lipps ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
The Future ◽  
Controlled Environments

Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph Gibberella zeae) is the most common pathogen of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in North America. Ascospores released from the perithecia of G. zeae are a major source of inoculum for FHB. The influence of temperature and moisture on perithecial production and development was evaluated by monitoring autoclaved inoculated cornstalk sections in controlled environments. Perithecial development was assessed at all combinations of five temperatures (12, 16, 20, 24, and 28°C) and four moisture levels with means (range) -0.45 (-0.18, -1.16), -1.30 (-0.81, -1.68), -2.36 (-1.34, -3.53) and -4.02 (-2.39, -5.88) MPa. Moisture levels of -0.45 and -1.30 MPa and temperatures from 16 to 24°C promoted perithecial production and development. Temperatures of 12 and 28°C and moisture levels of -2.36 and -4.02 MPa either slowed or limited perithecial production and development. The water potential of -1.30 MPa had mature perithecia after 10 days at 20°C, but not until after 15 days for 24°C. In contrast, few perithecia achieved maturity and produced ascospores at lower moisture levels (-2.36 and -4.02 MPa) and low (12°C) and high (28°C) temperatures. In the future, it may be possible to use the information gathered in these experiments to improve the accuracy of FHB forecasting systems.

scholarly journals Screening of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) Italian Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight Incited by Fusarium graminearum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Gaetano Bentivenga ◽  
Alfio Spina ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Maria Allegra ◽  
Santa Olga Cacciola
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Italian Origin

In 2009, a set of 35 cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) of Italian origin was screened for fusarium head blight (FHB) susceptibility at CIMMYT (Mexico) and in the 2019–20 cropping season, 16 of these cultivars, which had been included in the Italian National Plant Variety Register, were tested again in southern and northern Italy. Wheat cultivars were artificially inoculated during anthesis with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum sensu lato using a standard spray inoculation method. Inoculum was a mixture of mono-conidial isolates sourced in the same areas where the trials were performed. Isolates had been characterized on the basis of morphological characteristics and by DNA PCR amplification using a specific primer set and then selected for their virulence and ability to produce mycotoxins. The susceptibility to FHB was rated on the basis of the disease severity, disease incidence and FHB index. Almost all of the tested cultivars were susceptible or very susceptible to FHB with the only exception of “Duprì”, “Tiziana” and “Dylan” which proved to be moderately susceptible. The susceptibility to FHB was inversely correlated with the plant height and flowering biology, the tall and the late heading cultivars being less susceptible.

Near-infrared versus visual sorting of Fusarium-damaged kernels in winter wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N Wegulo ◽  
Floyd E Dowell
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Key Words Wheat

Fusarium head blight (scab) of wheat, caused by Fusarium graminearum, often results in shriveled and/or discolored kernels, which are referred to as Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK). FDK is a major grain grading factor and therefore is routinely determined for purposes of quality assurance. Measurement of FDK is usually done visually. Visual sorting can be laborious and is subject to inconsistencies resulting from variability in intra-rater repeatability and/or inter-rater reliability. The ability of a single-kernel near-infrared (SKNIR) system to detect FDK was evaluated by comparing FDK sorted by the system to FDK sorted visually. Visual sorting was strongly correlated with sorting by the SKNIR system (0.89 ≤ r ≤ 0.91); however, the SKNIR system had a wider range of FDK detection and was more consistent. Compared with the SKNIR system, visual raters overestimated FDK in samples with a low percentage of Fusarium-damaged grain and underestimated FDK in samples with a high percentage of Fusarium-damaged grain. Key words: Wheat, Fusarium head blight, Fusarium-damaged kernels, single-kernel near-infrared

scholarly journals Survival of Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight. A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Leplat ◽  
Hanna Friberg ◽  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
Christian Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Head Blight

Impact of the biofungicide tetramycin on the development of Fusarium head blight, grain yield and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
W.Q. Shi ◽  
L.B. Xiang ◽  
D.Z. Yu ◽  
S.J. Gong ◽  
L.J. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Key Aspects

Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease that leads to extensive yield and quality loss in wheat and barley production. Integrated pest management (IPM) is required to control this disease and biofungicides, such as tetramycin, could be a novel addition to IPM strategies. The current study investigated in vitro tetramycin toxicity in Fusarium graminearum and evaluated its effectiveness for the control of Fusarium head blight FHB. Tetramycin was shown to affect three key aspects of Fusarium pathogenicity: spore germination, mycelium growth and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. The in vitro results indicated that tetramycin had strong inhibitory activity on the mycelial growth and spore germination. Field trials indicated that tetramycin treatment resulted in a significant reduction in both the FHB disease index and the level of DON accumulation. The reduced DON content in harvested grain was correlated with the amount of Tri5 mRNA determined by qRT-PCR. Synergistic effects between tetramycin and metconazole, in both the in vitro and field experiments were found. Tetramycin could provide an alternative option to control FHB.

scholarly journals Integrated transcriptome and hormone profiling highlight the role of multiple phytohormone pathways in wheat resistance against fusarium head blight

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0207036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lipu Wang ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Ziying Liu ◽  
Anu Surendra ◽  
Youlian Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hormone Profiling

scholarly journals Chemical Activation of the Ethylene Signaling Pathway Promotes Fusarium graminearum Resistance in Detached Wheat Heads

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora A. Foroud ◽  
Reyhaneh Pordel ◽  
Ravinder K. Goyal ◽  
Daria Ryabova ◽  
Anas Eranthodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway

Plant signaling hormones such as ethylene have been shown to affect the host response to various pathogens. Often, the resistance responses to necrotrophic fungi are mediated through synergistic interactions of ethylene (ET) with the jasmonate signaling pathway. On the other hand, ET is also an inducer of senescence and cell death, which could be beneficial for some invading necrotrophic pathogens. Fusarium graminearum, a causative agent in Fusarium head blight of wheat, is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, meaning it has both biotrophic and necrotrophic phases during the course of infection. However, the role of ET signaling in the host response to Fusarium spp. is unclear; some studies indicate that ET mediates resistance, while others have shown that it is associated with susceptibility. These discrepancies could be related to various aspects of different experimental designs, and suggest that the role of ET signaling in the host response to FHB is potentially dependent on interactions with some undetermined factors. To investigate whether wheat genotype can influence the ET-mediated response to FHB, the effect of chemical treatments affecting the ET pathway was studied in six wheat genotypes in detached-head assays. ET-inhibitor treatments broke down resistance to both initial infection and disease spread in three resistant wheat genotypes, whereas ET-enhancer treatments resulted in reduced susceptibility in three susceptible genotypes. The results presented here show that the ET signaling can mediate FHB resistance to F. graminearum in different wheat backgrounds.

scholarly journals Fusarium graminearum Possesses Virulence Factors Common to Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat and Seedling Rot of Soybean but Differing in Their Impact on Disease Severity

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1201-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Sella ◽  
Katia Gazzetti ◽  
Carla Castiglioni ◽  
Wilhelm Schäfer ◽  
Francesco Favaron
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Rot

Fusarium graminearum is a toxigenic fungal pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) and crown rot on cereal crops worldwide. This fungus also causes damping-off and crown and root rots at the early stage of crop development in soybean cultivated in North and South America. Several F. graminearum genes were investigated for their contribution to FHB in cereals but no inherent study is reported for the dicotyledonous soybean host. In this study we determined the disease severity on soybean seedlings of five single gene disrupted mutants of F. graminearum, previously characterized in wheat spike infection. Three of these mutants are impaired on a specific function as the production of deoxynivalenol (DON, Δtri5), lipase (ΔFgl1), and xylanase (Δxyl03624), while the remaining two are MAP kinase mutants (ΔFgOS-2, Δgpmk1), which are altered in signaling pathways. The mutants that were reduced in virulence (Δtri5, ΔFgl1, and ΔFgOS-2) or are avirulent (Δgpmk1) on wheat were correspondently less virulent or avirulent in soybean seedlings, as shown by the extension of lesions and seedling lengths. The Δxyl03624 mutant was as virulent as the wild type mirroring the behavior observed in wheat. However, a different ranking of symptom severity occurred in the two hosts: the ΔFgOS-2 mutant, that infects wheat spikelets similarly to Δtri5 and ΔFgl1 mutants, provided much reduced symptoms in soybean. Differently from the other mutants, we observed that the ΔFgOS-2 mutant was several fold more sensitive to the glyceollin phytoalexin suggesting that its reduced virulence may be due to its hypersensitivity to this phytoalexin. In conclusion, lipase and DON seem important for full disease symptom development in soybean seedlings, OS-2 and Gpmk1 MAP kinases are essential for virulence, and OS-2 is involved in conferring resistance to the soybean phytoalexin.

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