Defluxing for High Reliability Applications and General Environmental Issues

In the general context of vehicles’ fuel consumption and emissions reduction, the minimization of the aerodynamic drag can offer not negligible benefits regarding the environmental issues. The adjustment of the vehicle height is one of the possible ways to provide a reduction of the resistances to vehicle motion, in addition to consequent aspects regarding the increased versatility of the vehicle. The aim of this paper is to present in a systematic way the state of the art of height adjustment systems for passenger vehicles, summarizing the main modes of operations, working principles, and architectures. Particular attention is then given to electromechanical systems, which represent the next trends for future vehicles due to their high reliability and relatively low costs. A design methodology for electromechanical height adjustment systems with the purpose of optimizing their performance is presented. Such procedure is able to reach the most efficient working point even in presence of constraints of different nature. Prototypes have been designed, produced and tested to demonstrate the potentialities of electromechanical height adjustment systems. Furthermore, potential benefits and drawbacks of using such systems are highlighted.

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Failure Analysis With the Scanning Electron Microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100095662 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 482-483

Author(s):

John R. Devaney

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Integrated Circuits ◽

Failure Analysis ◽

High Reliability ◽

Military Applications ◽

Small Structure ◽

Useful Life ◽

Insight Into ◽

Scanning Electron

Occasionally in history, an event may occur which has a profound influence on a technology. Such an event occurred when the scanning electron microscope became commercially available to industry in the mid 60's. Semiconductors were being increasingly used in high-reliability space and military applications both because of their small volume but, also, because of their inherent reliability. However, they did fail, both early in life and sometimes in middle or old age. Why they failed and how to prevent failure or prolong “useful life” was a worry which resulted in a blossoming of sophisticated failure analysis laboratories across the country. By 1966, the ability to build small structure integrated circuits was forging well ahead of techniques available to dissect and analyze these same failures. The arrival of the scanning electron microscope gave these analysts a new insight into failure mechanisms.

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On visions and promises — ethical aspects of in vitro meat

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20190108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 753-758

Author(s):

Silvia Woll

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Meat Production ◽

Ethical Aspects ◽

Existing Problems ◽

In Vitro Meat ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Production Conditions

Innovators of in vitro meat (IVM) are convinced that this approach is the solution for problems related to current meat production and consumption, especially regarding animal welfare and environmental issues. However, the production conditions have yet to be fully clarified and there is still a lack of ethical discourses and critical debates on IVM. In consequence, discussion about the ethical justifiability and desirability of IVM remains hypothetical and we have to question those promises. This paper addresses the complex ethical aspects associated with IVM and the questions of whether, and under what conditions, the production of IVM represents an ethically justifiable solution for existing problems, especially in view of animal welfare, the environment, and society. There are particular hopes regarding the benefits that IVM could bring to animal welfare and the environment, but there are also strong doubts about their ethical benefits.

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Environmental Issues Concerning Hydraulic Fracturing

10.1016/s2468-9289(17)x0002-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Fracturing ◽

Environmental Issues

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The New Forest Suicide Prevention Initiative (NFSPI)

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910.26.1.25 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 25-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Elizabeth King ◽

Neil Frost

Keyword(s):

Environmental Issues ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Telephone Number ◽

Forestry Commission ◽

Car Exhaust ◽

Gas Poisoning ◽

Car Park ◽

Annual Total ◽

New Forest ◽

Car Exhaust Gas

Abstract. A retrospective suicide study revealed that the Forestry Commission car parks in the New Forest in southern England were a previously unrecognized magnet for nonlocal suicides, attracting as high a proportion of “visitors” (35/43 in 1993-97) as among suicides who jumped from the cliffs at the infamous Beachy Head (39/48 in 1993-97). Over 95% of the car park suicides died from car exhaust gas poisoning. A multiagency initiative aimed to reduce the number of suicides in the 140 New Forest car parks where restricting access was impossible, and environmental issues paramount. Signs displaying the Samaritans' national telephone number were erected in the 26 car parks in which 50% of the car park suicides had occurred. Numbers, location, and residence of all car park deaths were monitored for 3 years. Corresponding changes in other forest registration districts were also monitored. During the 3-year intervention period the number of car park suicides fell significantly from 10/year, 1988-1997, to 3.3/year. The average annual total number of suicides in the New Forest registration district also decreased. No significant changes were found in comparable forest districts. The number of suicides in the New Forest car parks remained low during the 2 years following the evaluation.

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