scholarly journals Design of electromechanical height adjustable suspension

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (9) ◽  
pp. 1253-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Amati ◽  
Andrea Tonoli ◽  
Luca Castellazzi ◽  
Sanjarbek Ruzimov
Keyword(s):  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
General Context ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Vehicle Motion ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

In the general context of vehicles’ fuel consumption and emissions reduction, the minimization of the aerodynamic drag can offer not negligible benefits regarding the environmental issues. The adjustment of the vehicle height is one of the possible ways to provide a reduction of the resistances to vehicle motion, in addition to consequent aspects regarding the increased versatility of the vehicle. The aim of this paper is to present in a systematic way the state of the art of height adjustment systems for passenger vehicles, summarizing the main modes of operations, working principles, and architectures. Particular attention is then given to electromechanical systems, which represent the next trends for future vehicles due to their high reliability and relatively low costs. A design methodology for electromechanical height adjustment systems with the purpose of optimizing their performance is presented. Such procedure is able to reach the most efficient working point even in presence of constraints of different nature. Prototypes have been designed, produced and tested to demonstrate the potentialities of electromechanical height adjustment systems. Furthermore, potential benefits and drawbacks of using such systems are highlighted.

scholarly journals Electrical Machines and Power Electronics for Starter-Generators in More Electric Aircrafts: A Technology Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Kristiansen Nøland ◽  
Matteo Leandro ◽  
Jon Are Suul ◽  
Marta Molinas ◽  
Robert Nilssen
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Electric Aircraft ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Open Issues

<div>Safety-critical power conversion systems play a major role in the paradigm shift towards more electric aircraft (MEA) architectures. This paper reviews the electrical machines and their power electronic systems that are currently competing in the application of integrated starter-generators (S/Gs) in MEA power systems. Motivated by the strict requirements of sufficient electrical starting capability, super-high power density and ultra-high reliability, additional considerations on the overall system design are necessary, including the power electronic converters (PECs) and integrated thermal designs. These aspects are discussed not only in the light of their many benefits but also of the challenges introduced by the continuous advancements and emerging innovations in the power conversion technology. In achieving the MEA goals and capitalize on all potential benefits, optimization-based design approaches will be necessary, where the aggregation of electric machines, PECs and the aircraft grid is considered as an integrated system to be optimized. This review highlights the importance of these aspects and offers a view on future perspectives and open issues.</div>

scholarly journals Laboratory estimation of elemental and organic carbon emissions from advanced biomass stoves in Senegal 

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1b) ◽  
pp. C20A11-1-C20A11-8
Author(s):  
Moustapha Kane ◽  
◽  
Candela De la Sota ◽  
Mar Viana ◽  
Issakha Youm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Water Boiling Test ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions ◽  
Minor Extent

In this study, we tested a natural draft gasifier, currently implemented in Senegal and the traditional three stones fire (TSF) in the laboratory, using the protocol of water boiling test (WBT). Pollutants emissions from three types of biomass full were investigated in this work. Our results show that, burning the same wood (Cordyla Pinnata, dimb), the gasifier had a fuel consumption 37% lower than the traditional three stones, and decrease emissions factors of fine particulate matter (PM) by 74%, organic carbon (OC) by 59 % and elemental carbon (EC) by 55%. The gasifier has also shown to reduce fuel used and emissions compared with the three stones using Casuarina Equisetifolia (Filao) though to a minor extent: 24 % in fuel consumption and emissions reduction of 53% of PM, 55% of OC and 18% EC. The micro-gasifier using typha pellets is the cooking system the most efficient with a reduction 70% of fuel and more than 85% of emissions comparing to the 3-stones-dimb combination. Our results agree with other studies and confirm that gasifier have a very low fuel consumption and low emissions of climate forcing particles. Further field studies are needed to evaluate the adoption of these new stoves and fuels and to analyze fuel consumption and emissions under real-world cooking practice

scholarly journals Drag reduction mechanisms on a generic square-back vehicle using an optimised yaw-insensitive base cavity

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Urquhart ◽  
Max Varney ◽  
Simone Sebben ◽  
Martin Passmore
Keyword(s):  
Bluff Body ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Reduction Mechanisms ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Base Cavity ◽  
Tapered Cavity

AbstractRegulations on global greenhouse gas emission are driving the development of more energy-efficient passenger vehicles. One of the key factors influencing energy consumption is the aerodynamic drag where a large portion of the drag is associated with the base wake. Environmental conditions such as wind can increase the drag associated with the separated base flow. This paper investigates an optimised yaw-insensitive base cavity on a square-back vehicle in steady crosswind. The test object is a simplified model scale bluff body, the Windsor geometry, with wheels. The model is tested experimentally with a straight cavity and a tapered cavity. The taper angles have been optimised numerically to improve the robustness to side wind in relation to drag. Base pressures and tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry of the full wake were measured in the wind tunnel. The results indicate that a cavity decreases the crossflow within the wake, increasing base pressure, therefore lowering drag. The additional optimised cavity tapering further reduces crossflow and results in a smaller wake with less losses. The overall wake unsteadiness is reduced by the cavity by minimising mixing in the shear layers as well as dampening wake motion. However, the coherent wake motions, indicative of a balanced wake, are increased by the investigated cavities. Graphical abstract

Emissions Analysis of Southern California Metrolink Commuter Rail

1996 ◽  
Vol 1520 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Barth ◽  
Theodore Younglove ◽  
Ramakrishna R. Tadi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Diesel Locomotive ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Commuter Rail ◽  
Rail System ◽  
Emissions Modeling

The Southern California Regional Rail Authority began constructing a new commuter rail system called Metrolink in October 1992. When complete, the Metrolink system will form the nation's sixth largest commuter rail system and is expected to alleviate congestion and help obtain better air quality. To estimate the air quality impact, emissions of CO, HC, NOx, and PM associated with an automobile-only–based commute and a Metrolink-based commute from Riverside to Los Angeles are compared. Analysis of the Metrolink-based commuting scenario includes the emissions from the home-to-station automobile trip and the Metrolink diesel locomotive emissions. Essential data for the automobile emissions modeling process were obtained through a survey of Metrolink passengers and through remote emissions sensing of Metrolink passenger vehicles. Train emissions were estimated using emission rate data provided by recent diesel locomotive studies. Results indicated that at current ridership levels there is a reduction in total amount of all four pollutants combined through Metrolink commuting. On a pollutant-by-pollutant basis, it was estimated that the Metrolink commuting scenario reduces the emissions of CO and HC relative to the automobile-only commuting scenario; however, it increases the emissions of NOx and PM. The minimum amount of Metrolink ridership required to get a net emissions reduction from the system is predicted.

Determination of mechanical losses in internal combustion engines

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
I.K. Aleksandrov ◽  
V.A. Rakov ◽  
N.E. Dyimov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

A method for determining of mechanical losses in an internal combustion engine is proposed, the principal difference of which is the rotation of the engine shaft with compressed air. This method provides high reliability results on reduction of fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances. Keywords ICE, mechanical losses, tests, compressed air [email protected]

The Application of Data Radio Broadcasting Station Base on GPRS

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 2651-2654
Author(s):  
Feng Zheng ◽  
Han Rong Lu ◽  
Le Jiang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Radio Broadcasting ◽  
Communication Technique ◽  
Station Base ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Low Costs

Data transmission networks based on GPRS has become a rapid rising data transmission way with its high reliability, networking convenience, low costs and other advantages. Advanced communications systems also involve a digital data radio communication technique as a promising technology that may bring many benefits to the communication community. This article makes a comprehensive comparison and analysis on the transport mechanism, networking and many other aspects, providing a network promotion scheme from data radio based on GPRS.

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