Analysis of environmental hazards in the system «children's playground – urbanized area»

The article presents the results of the study of environmental pollution by methods of biological indication. The objects of research are children's playgrounds which are influenced by the negative anthropogenic factors. A child's body is more vulnerable to anthropogenic stresses. Car exhaust gases can have a negative impact on the respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous and other systems. Excessive noise pollution not only affects your hearing, but also other organs and systems. In addition, noise can increase stress hormone levels. The aim of the study is to identify the main adverse factors affecting playgrounds in large cities. Despite there are the sanitary standards for the placement of playgrounds in large cities, it was found that about 50 % of all playgrounds were located in violation of environmental safety standards. As part of the work, an inventory of children's playgrounds and sports grounds in the cities of Kyiv, Kharkiv and Dnipro was carried out. The author carried out experimental research on some playgrounds using biological indication methods. The method of lichen indication revealed that four out of ten playgrounds in Kharkiv have a high level of air pollution, and two out of ten in Kyiv and Dnipro. This is confirmed by the biotesting method. It was found that one of the methods of solving the problem of excessive anthropogenic load on the objects of study is planting greenery. It is experimentally established that green plantations are able to reduce the level of noise pollution by 4–6 dB and absorb pollutants. In addition to reducing the anthropogenic load, the greening of playgrounds has an impact on improving the microclimate of the urban environment, and developing the visual qualities of urbanised landscapes

IoT-based Carbon Monoxide (CO) Real-Time Warning System Application in Vehicles

The project is about develop a system and application for detect the presence of Carbon Monoxide(CO) in car, since recently there are many cases of drowning while sleeping in car due to inhaling CO. The build system are able to detect the presence of CO and provide warning about level of CO to the users. It uses Blynk application to monitors level of CO inside the vehicle, MQ-9 gas sensor as the input sensor, ESP 8266 as medium to send data to the application via IoT-based and the level concentration of CO is displayed on the LCD in real-time displayed. For the output, it has 3 different condition based on the level concentration of CO. This project has been testing in six different situation. Based on the result, ambience air and in car with open window situation have lowest of CO level. Meanwhile, the highest of CO level is detect in smoke that are produced from fuel combustion of the car exhaust at distance 5 cm. Additionally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to analysed the ability of this system in clustering for each situation. As a result, PCA have clearly clustering data for every situation with the value of PC1 is 71.82% and PC2 is 28.18%, hence it is verified that the build system is able to applied in detecting the presence of CO. This project is believed able in helping to reduce the numbers of cases people drowning while sleeping due to inhaling CO in the car.

Calibration of micro-simulation model in assessment of passenger car exhaust emission during acceleration

In terms of simulation research, it is important to simulate real conditions as precisely as possible. This type of approach makes it possible to minimize the error in the obtained results. The dynamics of acceleration is one of the most important factors having a direct impact on fuel consumption and exhaust emissions from vehicles. The work was carried out with the use of PTV Vissim microscopic vehicle motion simulation software. The considerations were carried out on theoretical acceleration profiles with different dynamics values and the actual character of acceleration, recorded during road tests. The simulations were carried out for a car powered by spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines. The research showed that the calibration of the acceleration character of the vehicle in simulation tests may result in significant differences in obtained results of exhaust emissions.

REVIEW ON ASPECTS OF AIR POLLUTION AND ATOPIC DERMATITIS

Air pollution, which reaches an all-new level almost every day, has a negative impact on skin. The toxic pollutants present in both indoor and outdoor air are absorbed into skin, which leads to a number of skin problems. The pollution that affects skin has a combination of smog and particulate matter, which come from car exhaust, metal smelting, smoking, industrial gases. .The polluted air makes it hard for the skin to breathe, leaving it irritated, dehydrated, and worsening existing conditions such as redness; rosacea and eczema. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common type of eczema.

Potentiometric C2H4-Selective Detection on Solid-State Sensors Activated with Bifunctional Catalytic Nanoparticles

This work presents a solid-state ionic-based device to selectively detect C2H4 in car exhaust gases. The sensor consists of 8YSZ as the electrolyte and two electrodes: Fe0.7Cr1.3O3/8YSZ and LSM/8YSZ. The main aim of this work is to optimize the catalytic behavior of the working electrode to C2H4 and reduce cross-sensitivity toward CO and H2O. Several catalyst nanoparticles were infiltrated to tailor C2H4 adsorption and electrochemical oxidation properties while diminishing adsorption and conversion of other gas components such as CO. The infiltrated metal catalysts were selected, taking into account both adsorption and redox properties. Infiltration of Ti or Al, followed by a second infiltration of Ni, enabled the selective detection of C2H4 with low cross-sensitivity toward CO and H2O in a moist gas environment. Further insight into potentiometric C2H4 sensing is achieved by electrochemical impedance analysis of the electrodes activated with bifunctional catalysts.

ANÁLISE DE DUPLICAÇÃO DO TRECHO RODOVIÁRIO DA BR-101/RJ

Brazil is in a situation of marked degradation in the road system, both in the sense of lacking new road projects and needing repairs to its current infrastructure. It is known that with the demographic increase over the years several positive and negative environmental impacts were caused and that the highways are works that generate great environmental impact. An environmental impact is defined as any change caused to the environment by humans, in turn the negative leads to an ecological imbalance, causing serious damage to the environment. In addition to the great polluting effects of the gases released by car exhaust, there is also the impact of road construction, which implies the withdrawal and transfer of huge amounts of land, deforestation, changes in the form of water runoff, silting of rivers and associated urban expansion. The purpose of this article is to analyze the fundamentals that support the concept, understand the challenges posed and the level of adequacy that reveal the need for legitimacy of the article.

Fuel-Operated Auxiliary Heaters Are a Major Additional Source of Vehicular Particulate Emissions in Cold Regions

Fuel-operated auxiliary heaters (AHs) can be notable sources of particle emissions from vehicles. The emissions of AHs are unregulated, and the number of devices is high; therefore, they make considerable contributions to local air quality, and even the global emissions budget. Experiments for studying the emissions were performed in Finland for a total of eight selected vehicles with Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) AHs installed, including both diesel- and gasoline-operated heaters. We present the numerical results of particle emissions and compare the particle concentrations in the AH exhaust to values found in the tailpipe exhaust of the same vehicle. Our results show that the emissions from auxiliary heaters are typically several orders of magnitude higher than of a car exhaust when idling. This raises the question of whether the use of heaters is justified based on the goal to reduce total emissions from vehicle use; furthermore, whether fuel-operated heaters should also be applied in electric vehicles for cabin heating. More research will be needed to characterize the emissions more thoroughly to understand the air quality and climate effects from AHs, and to provide further recommendations on the use of these heaters.

Anti-Smog Building and Civil Engineering Structures

Currently, people worldwide, in the period from September to April, observe with their own eyes and feel the pollution of the air, called smog, in their own breath. The biggest cause of smog and the source of air pollution is burning rubbish in stoves. Other causes include exhaust fumes from large factories, burning coal in furnaces, and car exhaust fumes. Smog is an unnatural phenomenon, directly related to human activity. The weather is becoming worse. On no-wind, foggy days, the smog phenomenon is the most troublesome for city dwellers. Smog persists in European countries from November to April, during the heating season. The harmful effect of smog affects almost the entire human body. Every year, air pollution causes the death of approximately 26,000–48,000 people. At the same time, poor air quality reduces life expectancy by up to a year. The purpose of this article is to present buildings and finishing elements that can help in the fight against air pollution.